6.

6 Special considerations

6.6.1 General
The selection and installation of smoke detectors should consider two things, which is design
characteristics of the detector and the area where the detector will be installed in such a way to
prevent false operations or not operating after installation. Some The considerations are as follows

6.6.1.1. Detector with projected rays and reflected glass type needs to be surely installed on a
stable surface, this is to prevent false operation or uncertain operation cause by
movement. Rays also needs to be designed so little angle movement from light source
or receiver does not prevent operation because of smoke and does not trigger false
alarm. Usually ¼ degree movement is tolerable (1/2 round degree including angle).
6.6.1.2. Because projected rays unit type will not work to give alarm (but will give disturbance
signal, look A.6.2.3) if light path to the receiver suddenly blocked, therefore lights path
needs to be kept clean from blurring obstruction at all times
6.6.1.3. Smoke detector that has fixed temperature elements as part of the unit needs to be
selected following table 5.3.1 for maximum ceiling temperature that can be estimated in
the operation
6.6.1.4. Installation of smoke detector needs to consider environment condition from area
where the detector will be installed (Look at table A.6.6.1.4 in appendix A). Smoke
detector prepared for installation in area where normal outside temperature condition,
unlike :
a. Temperature exceeds 38oC (100oF) or below 0oC (32oF)
b. Relative humidity outside range of 10 to 93%
c. Airflow velocity exceeds 1.5 m/s (300 fpm)
Exception :
Detector that is specially designed for usage in outside air condition exceed upper limit
and listed for airflow condition, temperature, humidity, and velocity can be expected

6.6.1.5. To prevent unwanted alarm, smoke detector location needs to consider normal smoke
source, water vapor, dust or vapor, electricity or mechanical effect
6.6.1.6. Detector that is installed inside building during construction or renovation needs to be
protected from dust, paint, or other contamination, until the construction is fully
cleaned from every material and final. Contamination can affect the sensitivity and
reliability of detector (for cleaning and maintenance of smoke detector look at part 10)
6.6.1.7. High chimney effect
Air hole behind smoke detector needs to be closed with gasket, sealant, or the
equivalents, and detector needs to be installed in such a way that airflow from inside
the building or house edge will not prevent smoke entry during fire or testing
6.6.1.8. Storage with high rack
(Look at Picture A.6.6.1.8.a and A.6.6.1.8.b in appendix A)
Detection system is often installed with additional extinguisher system. If smoke
detector is installed for early warning in storage area with high rack, need to consider
for detector installation in few elevation in rack to ensure fast reaction to smoke. If
detector is installed to trigger extinguisher system, look other related standard
 6.6.2 Area with high air movement

6.6.2.1 General

The purposes and scope of this part is to provide location and distance between from smoke
detector in area with high air movement

6.6.2.3 Placing

Smoke detector needs to be placed near the supply air register

6.6.2.4 Distance between

Distance between smoke detectors depends on air movement inside the rooms (including
supply air and circulation), which is showed in minutes per air changes or air changes per hour.
Except other ways that is acceptable by authorized institution, distance between needs to
correspond with Table 6.6.2.4 and picture 6.6.2.4.a

Table 6.6.2.4 Distance between

Minutes/air changes Air changes/hour Ft2/detector

1 60 125
2 30 250
3 20 375
4 15 500
5 12 625
6 10 750
7 8.6 875
8 7.5 900
9 6.7 900
10 6 900

Pergantian udara/jam :

Air changes/hour

Menit/pergantian udara :

Minutes/Air changes

Picture 6.6.2.4.a : Area of high air movement

(Not used for rooms below the floor or above ceiling)
8. Gas sensing fire detector

8.1 Gas is a bondless molecule that is resulted from a material on fire, and especially towards oxidation
and reduction

8.1.1 General

8.1.1.1. Purposes and scope of this part is to complement the standard on placing and distance
between fire detector for sensing gas resulted from material on fire. This detector from
point onwards will be written as gas fire detector
8.1.1.2. Gas fire detector needs to be installed in every area if required by this standard or
authorized institution
8.1.1.3. Gas fire detector needs to react towards one or more gas resulted from a fire
8.1.1.4. Even if some gas fire detector capable of detecting fire gas or vapor which precedes fire,
its application is not in this standard scope

8.2 Operation principle

8.2.1 Semiconductor

Semiconductor type gas fire detector reacts to gas oxidation or reduction by electricity change creation
inside the semiconductor. Afterwards conductivity change from semiconductor will cause movement

8.2.2 Catalyst element

Catalyst element gas fire detector contain material that does not change, but accelerates oxidation from
fire gas. Temperature increase from element causes movement.

8.3 Location and distance between detector

8.3.1 General

Location and distance between gas fire detector needs to be result from evaluation based on technical
assessment as attached in the complete description in this standard. Ceiling shape and surface, ceiling
height, charge configuration, characteristics of fire from material on fire, and ventilation are few
conditions that needs to be considered

8.3.1.1. If intended to give protection to a specific hazards, detector could be installed closed to
the hazards in a position where detectors will ready to catch gas fire
8.3.1.2. Stratification
Effect that possibly comes from stratification in elevation below the ceiling needs to be
considered (look A.6.4.1.2 in appendix A)

8.3.2 Point type fire gas detector needs to be placed in the ceiling with distance not less than 100 mm (4
inch) and 300 mm (12 inch) down from the ceiling to the peak of the detector (Look Picture
A.5.4.1 in appendix A)
Exception
 1. Look at part 8.3.1.2
2. In case of solid cross beam construction, detector needs to be installed on the lower part of
the cross beam
3. In case of beam with depth less than 300 mm (12 inch) and less than 2.4 m (8 ft) from the
center construction, detector can be placed below the beam.

8.3.3 Every sample point from a gas fire detector needs to be treated as point type detector for purpose
of placing and distance between

8.3.4 Distance between in flat ceiling

8.3.4.1. Point type detector

In flat ceiling, distance between of 9 m (30 ft) can be used as guidelines. In every case,
manufacturer recommendation needs to be followed. Distance between that can be
used depends on ceiling height, change condition or reaction requirements.

8.3.5 Cross beam construction (Look A.6.4.6 in appendix A)

8.3.5.1. Ceiling construction where the cross beam depth is 200 mm (8 inch) or less, needs to be
considered the equivalent towards flat ceiling
8.3.5.2. If cross beam depth is more than 200 mm (8 inch), distance between point type
detector in direction of perpendicular to cross beam needs to be reduced (also look at
part A.6.4.1.2)

8.3.6 Beam construction

8.3.6.1. If beam ceiling construction depth is 200 mm (8 inch) or less, needs to be considered the
equivalent towards flat ceiling (also look at part A.6.4.1.2)
8.3.6.2. If beam depth exceeds 460 mm (18 inch) and more than 1.4 m (8 ft) from the center,
every hiccup has to be treated as separated area that needs at least 1 point type
detector
8.3.6.3. If beam depth exceeds 460 mm (18 inch) towards its center, every gap needs to be
treated as separated area that needs at least 1 point type detector

8.3.7 Inclined ceiling

8.3.7.1. Peak
Detector firstly needs to be distanced and placed 0.9 m (3 ft) from the highest side of
ceiling, measured horizontally. Amount and distance between from additional detector,
if any, needs to be based on horizontal projection from ceiling (Look picture A.5.5.4.2 in
appendix A)
8.3.7.2. Inclined plane
Detector firstly needs to be distanced and placed 0.9 m (3 ft) from the highest side of
ceiling, measured horizontally. Amount and distance between from additional detector,
if any, needs to be based on horizontal projection from ceiling (Look picture A.5.5.4.2 in
appendix A)

8.3.8 Suspended ceiling (Look at part 4.7.4).

8.3.9 Partition

If partition extended upwards in distance of 460 mm (18 inch) from the ceiling, does not affect the
distance between. If the partition extended until the distance less than 460 mm (18 inch) from the
ceiling, effect on gas track needs to be considered in reducing the distance between.

8.4 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

8.4.1 In a room that is serviced by air conditioning unit (AHU), detector is not allowed to be placed if the
air from supply diffuser can dilute gas fire before the gas reach the detector. Detector needs to be
placed to catch the airflow that flow towards return air openings

8.4.2 In a room under the floor and room above the ceiling that is used as air handling planum; detector
needs to be registered as compatible with the existing airflow. Distance between and location of
detector needs to be chosen based on anticipation of airflow pattern and fire types.

8.4.2.1. Detector which is placed in air ducting environment or planum needs to be not used as
substitute detector in open area. Fire gas can’t be pulled into the duct or planum when
the ventilation system is not working. Afterwards, when the ventilation system is
working, detector may less react towards fire condition in a room where the fire is
comes from because of dilution by clean air (Look at part 11 and Table A.6.6.1.4)

8.5 Special consideration

8.5.1 Gas fire detector selection and installation needs to be included in consideration about design
characteristic of detector and area where the detector will be installed to avoid false operation or
not operating after installation. These are the considerations :

8.5.1.1. Fire detector will alarm in a situation where there is no fire caused by human activity.
Usage of a few aerosol sprayer and hydrocarbon solution for example. Detector is not
allowed to be installed if in normal condition exist a concentration of detectable gas.
Garage is not a place to uses gas fire detector for fire alarm purposes, because
concentration of CO2 maybe big enough to trigger the alarm
8.5.1.2. Gas fire detector has fixed temperature element as part of the chosen unit
corresponding with table 5.3.1 for maximum ceiling temperature which can be
estimated in its service
8.5.1.3. Installation of gas fire detector needs to consider environment condition from area
where the detector will be installed (Look at table A.6.6.1.4 in appendix A). Gas fire
detector is intended for installation in area where normal outside temperature
condition, unlike :
d. Temperature exceeds 38oC (100oF) or below 0oC (32oF)
e. Relative humidity outside range of 10 to 93%
f. Airflow velocity exceeds 1.5 m/s (300 fpm)
Exception :
Detector that is specially designed for usage in outside air condition exceed upper limit
and listed for airflow condition, temperature, humidity, and velocity can be expected
9. Other fire detector

9.1 Detector that classified as other fire detector works with different principle than part 5, 6, 7, and 8.

9.1.1 General

9.1.1.1. Detector that is classified as other fire detector needs to be installed in every area if
required by this standard, or by authorized institution
9.1.1.2. Facility for testing or measuring, or instrument to ensure sufficient initial sensitivity and
sufficient storage, relative to protected hazards needs to be provided. This facility needs
to be done within interval regular timing

9.2 Fire characteristic

9.2.1 These detectors will works if affected by unusual concentration from fire effect that happens
during a fire, such as water vapor, ionized molecule, or other phenomenon for which the
equipment is designed. Detection depends on fire size and intensity to provide the necessary
quantities of the products indicated and related thermal increase, circulation, or diffusion for
suffice operation.

9.2.2 Room size and height line, airflow pattern, obstacles and other characteristics from protected
hazards needs to be considered

9.3 Location and distance between detectors

9.3.1 Location and distance between detectors needs to be based on work principle and technical
research towards anticipated conditions in its usage. Technical bulletin from manufacturer needs
to be consulted for detector usage and recommended location

9.3.2 Detector is not allowed to be placed exceed the listed ones or approved maximum. Closer
distance between detectors needs to be used if structural or other characteristics from protected
hazards needs to be guaranteed

9.3.3 Consideration needs to be given to every factor that is found in the location and detector
sensitivity, including structural excess such as room size and shape, and plot, residence and
function, ceiling height, ceiling and other obstruction, airflow pattern, pile, archives, and fire
hazard location.

9.3.4 The overall situation needs to be reviewed over and over to ensure that structural changes or
usage condition that could disrupt fire detection capability immediately repaired

9.4 Special consideration

Condition that could help false operation or no operation of the detector needs to be considered if the
installation of these detector is not planned

10.2 Initial inspection installation testing

10.2.1 After installed, a visual check for every detector needs to be done to ensure that detectors has
been installed in a correct position

10.2.2 After installed, every detector needs to be check to ensure that every detector has been installed
and connected correctly based on manufacturer recommendation

10.2.3 Heat detector

10.2.3.1. A heat detector that is repairable, and an element of a combination of detectors that is
repairable needs to be tested with facing the detector to heat source, such as hair dryer,
or a protected hot lamp that until the detector reacts. After every detector is heat
tested, the detector needs to be re-set again. Preventive measure needs to be given to
avoid danger in fixed-temperature element that unrepairable from a combination of
rate of increase and fixed temperature detector
Except :
A pneumatic line tube type detector needs to be tested with heat source (if a testing
room in a circuit) or tested pneumatically with a press pump. Manufacturer instruction
needs to be followed
10.2.3.2. Fixed type heat detector either line or point type that unrepairable needs to not be heat
tested, but needs to tested mechanically or electrically to verify alarm function.
10.2.3.2.1 Detector with melting element from alloy material that can be changed, needs to
be tested with firstly remove the melting element to determined that the detector
contact works correctly and after that the melting element is installed again
10.2.3.3. If required for precise performance, loop resistance from line type detector needs to be
measured to determine if this is allowable for used equipment. Loop resistance needs to
be recorded as reference for future. Other test needs to be done following the
requirements from manufacturer.

10.2.4 Smoke detector

10.2.4.1. To ensure every smoke detectors works and produce the expected reaction, that needs
to be the cause to trigger an alarm in the installed location with using smoke or other
aerosol that is accepted by manufacturer, that case shows that smoke can enter
through the rooms and starts the alarm
10.2.4.2. To ensure every smoke detector that is registered and sensitivity range is noted, this
detector needs to be tested with one of these ways :
a. Calibration test
b. Sensitivity test with instrument that is calibrated by the manufacturer
c. Registered control equipment that is arranged for its purposes
d. Sensitivity test that is calibrated by authorized institution

Detector which has sensitivity outside the approved range needs to be replaced
Exception :
Detector which is registered as adjustable on field, can be adjusted in approved range or
replaced

Notes :
 Detector sensitivity can’t be tested or measured with spraying device which
administratively can’t measure aerosol concentration that enter inside the detector

11.4 Detector location and installation in air ducting system

11.4.1. Detectors needs to be registered according to its use

11.4.2. Detector in air ducting needs to be installed safely in a way to achieve some
representative sample from airflow. This case can be achieved with these way :
a. Sturdy installation inside ducting
b. Sturdy installation to ducting wall with sensor equipment protrude into the ducting
c. Sturdy installation outside of ducting, sample tube protrude into the ducting
d. With light rays projected through ducting
11.4.3. Detectors needs to be easy to reach for cleaning and needs to be installed according to
manufacturer recommendation. Exit doors and or panel system needs to be equipped if
necessary.
11.4.4. Every detectors location in air ducting system needs to be permanent and the
identification is clear and noted
11.4.5. Detector which installed outside of ducting, using sample tube to stream smoke from
inside ducting to detector needs to be arranged for airflow verification from ducting to
detector
11.4.6. Detector needs to operate correctly according to the complete range of airflow velocity
temperature, and humidity which are expected on the detector if the air processing
system are operational
11.4.7. Every tunnel from return air ducting which close to detector installed above or inside air
ducting needs to be sealed to prevent outside air entry and chance of dilution or the
reverse of smoke inside ducting
11.4.8. Detector location which installed on or inside the return air ducting needs to be more
than 6 times width of downstream duct from every ducting openings, plat deflection,
sharp bend, or branch connections.

Exception

1. If the detector is installed corresponding with point 11.3.2.2, point 11.4.8 does not need to be
applied
2. If physically not possible to place detector corresponding with point 11.4.8, then detector needs
to be allowed to be placed closed than the requirements which is 6 time ducting width, but as
far as possible from openings, plat deflection, or bend so smoke still possible to be detected
inside the airflow

12.2 Installation requirements

12.2.1 Quality requirements

 12.2.1.1. Allowable detection and fire alarm system component is those which type has been
registered
12.2.1.2. If the component is not registered as said above, testing certificate or label from the
testing laboratories from the country of origin needs to be provided

12.2.2 System selection

System selection must be done according to functionality, floor area, and number of floors in the
building corresponding with Table 11.2.2

Table 12.2.2 : Provision of detection and alarm system according to functionality, number and area of
building floors

Group of Group Name Building function Number of Minimum Detection and

building floors floor area alarm system
functions
1a Residence House 1 -
(Single)
1b Residence Dormitory/Guest 1 300 -
house/Hotel
2 Residence Consist of 2 or 1 T.A.B (M)
more unit (shop)
2-3 T.A.B (M)
3 Residence House, 1 T.A.B (M)
besides 1 and dormitory, hotel,
2 nursing home
2-4 T.A.B (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
4 Mix residence Residency in a 1 T.A.B (M)
building with
class 5, 6, 7, 8,
and 9
2-4 T.A.B (O)
>4 T.A.B (O)
5 Commercial Professional 1 400 (M)
businesses,
commercial, etc
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
6 Commercial Restaurant, 1 400 (M)
shop, salon,
market, etc
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
7 Warehouse/ General parking 1 2000 (M)
storage space,
building warehouse
2-4 1000 (M)
 >4 T.A.B (O)
8 Laboratories/ Production, 1 400 (M)
Industry/ assembly,
factory packing, etc
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
9a General Nursing, 1 400 (M)
building healthcare,
laboratories
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
9b General Private garage 1 400 (M)
building
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
10a Building not Fence, antenna, 1 400 (M)
residence pool, etc
2-4 200 (M)
>4 T.A.B (O)
Legends :
T.A.B = Tanpa Ada Batas (No Limit)
M = Manual
O = Automatic

12.2.4 Fire alarm

12.2.4.1. Alarm sound must follow these requirements :

a. Has typical sound and rhythm so easy to recognize as fire alarm
b. The alarm sound has work frequency between 500 – 1000 Hz with minimal sound
level is 65 dB(A)
12.2.4.2. For room with higher noise level, minimal sound level is 5dB(A) higher than normal
noise level (in the room)
a. For room with a chance to be used for sleeping, minimal sound level is 75 dB(A)
b. Alarm sound rhythm is not allowed to cause panics
12.2.4.3. Visual alarm must be installed at special room, such as deaf-care room and alike
12.2.4.4. On every control panel location and auxiliary panel (sub panel), fire alarm must be
installed
12.2.4.5. Every part of the rooms in the building has to be reachable from fire alarm system with
specific sound level for that rooms
12.2.4.6. Fire alarm has to be installed in special rooms where outside sound can’t be heard
12.2.4.7. Outside alarm tool needs to be installed in such a way that it can guide firefighter
personal from outside to enter the building

12.2.7. Cable
 12.2.7.1. For detection system, must use cable with cross-section area not less than 0.6 mm2
12.2.7.2. For alarm and supply system, must use cable with cross-section area not less than 1.5
mm2
12.2.7.3. NYA cable can be used, but the installation need to be inside conduit pipe
12.2.7.4. NYM and NYY multi-cores cable can also be used in detector circuits in some pull
direction long distance cables
12.2.7.5. For location with hardworking condition (hot, humid, and many small mechanical
interference), must choose NYY cable or at least NYM
12.2.7.6. For direct supervision to detector, can also use flexible cable with condition length not
more than 1.5 m
12.2.7.7. Cable installation for detection system and fire alarm must be done corresponding with
low voltage installation SNI 04-0225-2000, about “Persyaratan umum instalasi listrik
2000” (Electrical Installation General Requirements 2000)
12.2.7.8. Every cable installation on wall must be done with conduit pipe corresponding with SNI
04-0225-2000, about Electrical Installation General Requirements 2000
12.2.7.9. Cable cross section selected in such a way that in maximum work load, the voltage drop
at the furthest point from control panel does not exceed 5 percent
12.2.7.10. Current delivery between building must be from cable type that can be planted and
must be given protection against mechanical fault
12.2.7.11. No connection is allowed along the current delivery
12.2.7.12. Connection is allowed in close contact terminal
12.2.7.13. Cable connection with each detector must be inside the detector, except for water-
proof detector. Cable for detection and fire alarm system must not be put together with
cable for electrical installation

12.2.8 Power Supply

12.2.8.1. Power supply must have 2 electric energy source, which is :

a. PLN or Emergency Generator
b. Batteries
12.2.8.2. Allowable voltage for batteries is 12 V and maximum is 48 V
12.2.8.3. Allowable voltage for batteries supply power for 4 hour minimum in general alarm
condition
a. Batteries maintenance must be easy
b. Has automatic batteries charger
c. If power supply from PLN or other emergency generator is down, batteries instantly
and automatically take over
d. Batteries must be dry type and rechargeable

Appendix - A

A.5.5.1

Maximum distance in the flat ceiling for point type heat detector is determined with full scale testing.
This testing assumed that detector will be installed with one or few rectangular pattern, every side of
the rectangular length is equal to the maximum distance that is determined in the testing. This is
depicted in Picture A-5.5.1.(a). The Detector which will be tested is placed in one corner of the
rectangular area. So the distance from detector “D” to fire “F” is always the testing distance multiplied
by 0.7, and can be arranged in the following Table A.5.5.1.

Maximum Distance between fire and detector

Testing Distance
(0.7 x D)
15 m x 15 m 10 m
12 m x 12 m 8m
9mx9m 6m
7.5 m x 7.5 m 5m
6mx6m 4m
4.5 m x 4.5 m 3m

Point type detector

 Line type detector (Detektor jenis garis)
Heat Detector – Average Distance Map – Average Ceiling
S = Registered distance
D = Detector

Picture A-5.5.1. : Heat Detector – Distance Map - Ceiling