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Contents
• Geotechnical applications
• K0, active & passive states
• Rankine’s earth pressure theory
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Lateral Support
In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to
prevent lateral soil movements.
Tie rod
Anchor
Sheet pile
Lateral Support
Soil Nailing
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Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
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Lateral Support
geosynthetics
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Lateral Support
filled with
Crib walls have been used in Queensland. soil
Good drainage & allow plant growth.
Looks good. Interlocking
stretchers
and headers
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σv’
σh’
X
Estimating K0
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Wall moves
away from
f soil
il
Wall moves A
towards soil
B
smooth wall
σv’ = γz
Initially there is no lateral movement.
Initially, movement
σv’ z
∴σh’ = K0 σv’ = K0 γz
σh’
A
As the wall moves away from the soil,
σv’ remains the same; and
σh’ dec
decreases
eases ttill failure
a u e occurs.
occu s.
Active state
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σv’ σ
active earth
pressure
p decreasing σh’
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WJM Rankine
(1820-1872)
φ
[σh’]active σv’ σ
φ 90+ϕ
[σh’]active σv’ σ
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σh’ K0 state
σv’ z
Active
σh’
A state
wall movement
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passive earth
pressure
σv’ σ
increasing σh’
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φ
σv’ [σh’]passive σ
φ 90+ϕ
σ
σv’ [σh’]passive
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wall movement
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[σh’]passive H
0 5 KAγH
PA=0.5 H2
h 0.5 KPγh2
PP=0.5
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KPγh KAγH
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σh’
Passive state
Active state
K0 state
Wall movement
(not to scale)
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Road
Train
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highway
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basement wall
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cement mortar
plain
l i concrete
t or
stone masonry
cobbles
Reinforced;
smaller section
than gravity
walls
alls
SOAL
• Gambarkan distribusi tekanan tanah dan hitung total tekanan tanah
yang berada dibelakang dinding penahan dengan permukaannya
datar. Tanah dalam keadaan aktif dengan nilai kohesi sebesar 22.5
kN/m2, sudut gesek dalamnya sebesar 25o dan berat jenisnya 19.5
kN/m3. Permukaan dinding yang bersentuhan dengan tanah dianggap
licin dan tinggi dinding penahan sebesar 5 m.
Tanah:
h=5m γγ= 19.5 kN/m3
c = 22.5 kN/m2
φ= 25o
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2 2
Block no.
3 3
1
1
toe
toe
Wi = weight of block i
Analysey the stabilityy of this rigid g bodyy with
xi = horizontal distance of centroid of block i from toe
vertical walls (∴Rankine theory valid) 35
Safety against sliding along the base
PP + ∑{{W
soil concrete friction
soil-concrete
} tan δ
Wi }. angle ≈ 0.5 – 0.7 φ
Fsliding =
PA
to be g
greater
than 1.5
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
to be g
greater
than 2.0
2 2
PA H
3 3 PA
1
PP 1
S h PP
toe S
R
toe
y R
y
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Points to Ponder
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