3

Les pièges stratigraphiques se forment lorsque des couches

imperméables sus-jacentes agissent comme des surfaces
étanches au-dessus des couches perméables sous-jacentes.
Les réservoirs poreux se remplissent alors de fluides.
Le gaz et les fluides plus légers montent à la surface.
 The main trapping
mechanism is a Stratigraphic
feature such as an
unconformity, a lateral change
in facies from reservoir rocks
to seal rocks, or a diagenetic
change from non-cemented to
cemented rock.

Traps related to unconformities:

The hydrocarbons can be trapped below the
unconformity by truncation, or above the
unconformity when a porous bed onlaps against
the unconformity surface. Often a structural
element such as tilting is required, so many of
this traps can be considered combination traps.
 Diagenetic traps:

This are more common in

carbonate reservoirs which are
more easily affected by
cementation, dissolution and
dolomitization. These post-
depositional processes lead to a
lateral change in reservoir
quality to acts as the trapping
mechanism.

Sedimentological traps:
Several depositional systems will produce isolated bodies of porous rock surrounded by impermeable rock. Examples
are:

 Point bar sands surrounded by flood-plain clays in a fluvial system.

 Distributary channels within deltaic muds.
 Reefs within lagoonal and marine shales
 Barrier island sands also within lagoonal and marine shales

The picture above corresponds to oil fields in the Golden Lane of the Mexican Gulf coast. The oil deposits are a set of
Cretaceous reefs, part of an ancient atoll.
The diagram below is an example of barrier island sands from Kansas. They for long, linear traps surrounded in shale.

2
Hydrodynamic traps
In some rare cases the movement of
water can modify the geometry
of an oil accumulation (tilted OWC is
the most common example),
or even trap the oil in a location
where it would otherwise escape.
 3
Des pièges structuraux se sont formés lorsque les
roches poreuses et perméables remplies de fluides
sont transportées près des roches imperméables
par des processus de plissement et de formation de
failles.

(Vue agrandie de grès montrant des grains de sable

entourés de pellicules d'eau et du pétrole dans le
reste des pores)
4
Le pétrole en Tunisie
La production d'hydrocarbures en Tunisie reste à un niveau assez faible par rapport à ses voisins.
La Tunisie a produit entre 95000 et 115000 BOPD (barils oil per day) et la production a approché 5 millions de tonnes
par an, Cependant, les réserves de pétrole atteignent 57 millions de tonnes et de nouveaux gisements ont été
exploités ces dernières années.