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Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. Major themes include social thinking, social influence, and social relations. Common research methods are experiments, correlations, case studies, interviews, and observation. Some basic principles are that social interpretations depend on perspective; external forces like culture and appearance influence social thinking; and internal forces like beliefs and biology affect social behavior. Regarding the self, people have self-concepts including roles, esteem, efficacy, and ways of presenting themselves to others through impression management. Attitudes can affect and be affected by behaviors through social pressures, cognitive dissonance, and consistency with values.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. Major themes include social thinking, social influence, and social relations. Common research methods are experiments, correlations, case studies, interviews, and observation. Some basic principles are that social interpretations depend on perspective; external forces like culture and appearance influence social thinking; and internal forces like beliefs and biology affect social behavior. Regarding the self, people have self-concepts including roles, esteem, efficacy, and ways of presenting themselves to others through impression management. Attitudes can affect and be affected by behaviors through social pressures, cognitive dissonance, and consistency with values.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. Major themes include social thinking, social influence, and social relations. Common research methods are experiments, correlations, case studies, interviews, and observation. Some basic principles are that social interpretations depend on perspective; external forces like culture and appearance influence social thinking; and internal forces like beliefs and biology affect social behavior. Regarding the self, people have self-concepts including roles, esteem, efficacy, and ways of presenting themselves to others through impression management. Attitudes can affect and be affected by behaviors through social pressures, cognitive dissonance, and consistency with values.
Social Psychology = scientific study of how 4. Interview people think about, influence, and relate to a. Main tool: interview guide one another questions ● Social thinking - how we perceive 5. Observation ourselves & others, what we believe, a. Passively describe a social judgements we make, our attitudes event (minimal/no influence ● Social influence - culture, pressures to from observer) conform, persuasion, groups of people b. 2 kinds: ● Social relations - prejudice, i. Laboratory aggression, attraction & intimacy ii. Naturalistic Basic Principles (products of scientific Major themes in social psychology: research) ● Social thinking 1. There is NO absolute social ○ Reality is socially constructed interpretation ○ Intuitions (unconscious) are a. Different minds see a social helpful & dangerous event in different ways ● Social influence b. People act on their social ○ Power of the situation beliefs ○ Personality & attitudes can c. Interpret social event > feel > also shape behavior act/behavior ● Social relations 2. External forces influence social ○ Social behavior = biologically interpretations rooted a. People, historical events, culture, outside appearance Methods of Research 3. Internal forces affect social behaviors ➔ Research > it’s a process > establish a. Personal beliefs, biology/body a fact and reach new conclusions (genes, hormones, brain) Common research methods: 1. Experiment ● Spotlight effect a. 2+ groups > influence ● Illusion of transparency differently/different variables > The Self in the Social World effect on behavior SELF = awareness as an individual (you 2. Correlation exist, separate from others) a. A statistical technique; does not establish causality Basic psychological components: b. To describe the relationship ● Self concept between 2 variables ○ “Who am I?” 3. Case study ○ Facts/beliefs about yourself, a. Detailed description of a case influences social behavior > over time; more detailed & how you see yourself guides longer than observation how you behave ○ Social roles ○ Group membership (DLSU vs Behaviors & Attitude: AdMU) ● Attitude - one’s ○ Social opinions evaluation/opinion/feeling about an ❖ Self schemas issue ❖ Possible selves - images of ➔ How attitude affects behavior what we dream of/dread ◆ Our attitudes don’t always becoming in the future affect behavior ● Self esteem ● Social pressure - fear ○ Self worth; measurable of social punishments ○ Evaluative concepts about ● Feelings/moods yourself ● Weak attitude ○ Factors: ◆ Cognitive dissonance - where ■ Infant attachment attitude doesn’t correlate with ■ Friends behavior (Leon Festinger) ■ Physical attractiveness ● Adjust attitude to justify ● Self efficacy/self confidence behavior ○ Contrast: self esteem ● Adjust behavior to fit ○ One’s overall certainty that one attitude can successfully meet a ➔ How to change behavior (ways to challenge maintain attitude - our values) ○ Self efficacy CAN decline ◆ Feelings consistent with ○ To protect/enhance: attitude ■ Self serving bias ◆ Increase self awareness (attribute + to yourself ◆ Eliminate doubts & & - to others) uncertainties ■ Self handicapping ➔ How behavior affects attitude (mess something up to ◆ Roles use as an excuse) ◆ Rituals ■ Experience success ◆ Requests *Pilner study ● Self presentation ○ How we present ourselves to the social world ○ Social acceptance/appreciation ○ How? ■ Impression management - conforming to others to feel accepted ■ False modesty - discounting a praise