SUMMARY

1 The distance of the closest approach of an  - particle is given by

1 2Ze 2 1
γo= where E = m 2 9 Z = Atomic number
4π Eo. E K k 2
2
1 2Ze Cot  θ 2 
2. The Impact parameter is given by b =
4π.E o m 2
3 No - of Scattering of  - particle reattered at angle  is given by
Ζe 2 1
N = N o ns
m 2 sin 4  θ/2 
where, No = number of incident  - particles
n = no. of Atoms per unit Volume in the foil
s = thickness of foil
v = speed of  - particle,m = mass of  particle
z = Atomic number of (the element of foil)
e = charge of electron.
4 Angular momentum of electron in Bohr orbit
nh
mvr  , whre n is an integer
2
n 2 h 2 o
5 rn = radius of nth bohr orbit =
 Ze 2 m
n2
rn 
Z
6 Energy of electron in nth orbit is
 me 4  z 2 z2 Z 2
E n    2 2  2   13 . 6 2 ev E n
 8h  o  n n n 2

7. different spetral Series Formula for and their gegionls

1  1  1
(i) Lyman series,   R  12  n 2  where, n  2,3....
 
(ultra violet region.)

286
 1  1  1
ii) Balmer series, ,   R  2 2  n 2  where, n  3, 4 ,........
 
(Visible region.)
1  1 1
(iii) Paschen series, ,   R  32  n 2  where, n  4,5 ,........
 
(Infrared region.)
1 1  1
Braket series,   R  4 2  n 2  where, n  5, 6 ,........
 
(Infrared region.)
 1 1  1
Pfund series,   R  5 2  n 2  where, n  6, 7 ,........
 
(Infrared region.)
8 For, hydrogen atom energy of electron in nth orbit
13.6
En   eV
n2
13.6
For hydrogen like atom E n =- 2
z 2 eV
n
A
9 Z X or Z XA
Z = Atomic number = Number of Protons
A = mass number = Number of neucleons
A - Z = N = Number of neutrons
(i) For Isotope nuclei
Z equal and A unequal
e.g. 6c12 6c13 6c14
(ii) For, Isotone nuclei
Z unequal, A unqual
A-Z = N = equal
No - of neutrons are equal
86 87
e.g. 36kr ,37 Rb
(iii) For, Isobar nuclei
z unequal , A equal
(A-Z) are unequal
e-g 5 B12 ,6 C12

287
 (iv) For Isomers nucler
Z equal, A equal
But their radio active properies are different
80
e.g. Br pair
35

1
10 Radius of nucleus R = Ro (A)
3
Where Ro = Constant
= 1.1 fm to 1.2 fm
A = mass number
11 Mass defect m  ( zm p  Nmn )  M
12 B.E E b  (m)c2  Zmp  Nmn)  M c2
13 Unit of energy in nuclear Physics or atomic Physics is eV
1eV  1.6 1019 J
14 unit of mass in nuclear physics or atomic Physics is amu or u
1amu  1u  1.67 1027 Kg

1u  931.48MeV  931.48 106 eV

Eb
15 B.E Per nucleon is E b  n
A
16  - Particle = Nucleus of Helium atom
Symbol of  - Particle 2 He4
 - Paricle = electron emitted From nucleus ieo
γ - radiation = photon. Symbol γ
e
 - particle   or 1 or electron
e
 Particle   or 1 or positron.
n  p + e  
  n  e  
Where  Anti neutrino
 neutrino
(17) unit of Radio activity
1 Bq = 1 disinteglation/s
1 curie = 3.7  1010 disinteglation/s

288
 dn
(18) Activity I    N
dt
number of Atoms or nucler in a Radio active sample after time is given by
N  N o e  t Where  is radio active decay Constant
Activity I = Io e t

Mass m  mo e t

0.693
(19) Half life T1  
2

T1 T1  0.693T
Mean life  Or T  1.44 T 1 2
2

(20) In  - deccay Z decreasc by 2 and mass number A decrease by 4

In β - deccay Z increase by 1 and mass number does not change
In  deccay Z decrease by 1 and mass number does not change
In emission of r - ray or photon, Z and A does not change.
(21) Nuclear Fission.
The spiliting of a heavy nucleus into two or more fragments or moderate and
comparable sizes is called nuclear Fission
e.g q2 U 235 56 Ba141 36 Kr 92  3O n1  energy
(22) Nuclear fusion.
The Process of nuclear fusion consists in the combination of two light nuclei to
form steble nucleus of mass less than the total intial mass.
1
1 H  11 H  21 H  e   
1 H1  21 H  23 He  
3
2 He  23 He  24 He 1 H1  11 H
If any Q > 0 Exoergic
Q<0 Endoergic
In any nuclear reactions consveration of momentum, charge and energy is must.
(23) Nucler reaction A (a,b) B or A+a  B + b + Q
A = Target Nucleus
a = Projected Particle
B = resulting (product) nucleus
b = emitted Particle
Q = energy equal muss defect

289
 MCQ
For the answer of the following questions choose the correct alternative from
among the given ones.
(1) In each of the following question match column -I and column -II select correct
Answer.
(A) Bohr atom model (P) fixed for the atom
(B) Ionisation potential (q) Nucleus
(C) Rutherford atom modal (r) stationary orbits
(D) Thomson atom modal (s) In atom positive and Nagative
charge are distrited uniformely.
(A) a  s , b  r , c  q , d  p
(B) a  r , b  p , c  q , d  s
(C) a  p , b  r , c  s , d  q
(D) b  p , c  q , b  r , d  s
(2) Read the following question and choose correct Answer form given below.
(A) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion
(B) BOth assertion and reason are true. Reason is not correct explanation of the
assertion
(C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are false
(i) Assertion :- In a radio-active disintegration, an election is emitted by nucleus.
Reason :- eleccon are always Present in-side the nucleus.
(ii) Assertion :- An election and Positon can annibilate each other creating Photon
Reason:- Electon and Positon form a Particle and anti Particle.
(iii) Assetion:- An isolated radioactive atom may not decay at all what eVer be its
half time
Reason:- Readioactive decay is a statistical Phenomena.
(iv) Assertion :- Fragment Produced in the fission of u235 are active
Reason:- The fragments have abnormally high Proton to neutron ratio
(3) Each of the following question contain two stalements.choose correct answer
form the given below.
(i) statement-I:- Large angle scattering of al-pha Particle led to discovery of
atomic nucleus.

290
 state ment-II :- Entire Positive charge of atom is concentrated in the central core.
(A) statement -I and II are true. and statement II is correct explanation of
statement-I
(B) statement -I and II are true, but statement-II is not correct explanation of
statement I
(C) statement I is true, but state ment II is false.
(D) statement I is false but statement II is true
(ii) statement-I 1 amu=931.48 MeV
statement-II It follows form E=mc2
(iii) statement -I:-half life time of tritium is 12.5 years
statement-II :- The fraction of tritium that remains after 50 years is 6.25%
(iv) statement-I:- Nuclei of different atoms have same size
state m ent-I I :- R =Ro(A)1/3
(4) Match column I and II and chose correct Answer form the given below.
(a) Nuclear fusion (p) converts some matter into energy
(b) Nuclear fission (q) generally Possible for muelei low atomic number
(c)  decay (r) generally Possible for ndcler high atomic number
(d) Exothermic nuclear (s) Eessentially Proceeds by weak nuclear for(c)
reaction
(A) a  p , b  r , c  d , d  q
(B) a  d , b  r , c  p , d  a
(C) a  q , b  r , c  d , d  p
(D) a  r , b  a , c  p , d  a
(5) A radioative sample has no active atom at t=o, at the rate of dissntegration at any
R
time is R and the number of atom is N, then ratio.  N  varies with time (t) as.
 

(A) (B)
R
N
R
N

t t

(C) (D)

R R
N
N

t
t

291
(6) The transition the state n=4 to n=1 in a hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet
radiation. Infrared radition will be obtained in the transition form
(A) 3  2 (B) 5  4 (C)4  2 (D) 2  1
(7) In Bohr model the hydogen atom, the lowest orbil corresponds to
(A) Intinite energy (B) zero energy
(C) The minimum energy (D) The maximum energy
(8) Energy leVels A , B , C of a certain atom corresponding values of energy i.e
E A  E B  E c If  1 ,  2 ,  3 are wave lengths of radition corresponding to the
transition C  B , B  A and C  A. which of the following is correct
2 2 2
(A)  3   1  2 (B)  3   1  2
 
1 2
(C)  3    (D)  1  2  3  o
1 2

(9) According to Bohr's theory the radius of electon in an orbit described by Principal
quantum number n and atomic number Z, is Proportional to.
n2 Z2 n2
(A) Z n2 2 (B) (C) (D) 2
Z n z
(10) The energy of electron in the n th orbit of hydogen atom is expressed as
13.6
E n  ev The shortest and longest wave length of lyman series will be.
n2
(A) 910Ao , 1213Ao (B) 1315 A  ,1530 A
(C) 5463A , 7858 A (D) None of these
(11) Number of spectral lines in hydrogen atom is.
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 15 (D) 
(12) In the nuclear reaction X ( ,  ) 73 Li the atom X will be
(A) 2 He 4 (B) 5 B11 (C) 5 B10 (D) 5 B9
(13) The nucleus which has radius one third of the radius of Cs189 is
(A) Be9 (B) F19 (C) C12 (D) Li 7
210
(14) A nucleus of 84
Po originally at rest emits  -particle with speed v what will be
the recoil speed of the daughter nucleus
 4 4 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
214 214 206 206

292
(15) It the radius of a nucleus of mass number 3 is R. then the radius of a nucieus of
mass mumber 81 is
1
(A) 27 R (B) 9 R (C) 3 R (D)  27  2 R
(16) The nucler of which of following Pairs of nuclei are isotones
(A) 34 Se74 , 31 Ca 71 (B) 42 Mo92 , 40 Zr 92
(C) 38 Sr 81 , 38 Sr 86 (D) 20 Cd 40 , 16 S32
(17) An electron change its Position from orbit n=4 to the orbit n=2 of an atom the
wave length of emitted radition in the form of R (where R is Redburg constanst)
16 16 16 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7R R 3R 5R
(18) The control rod in a nuclear reactor is made of
(A) uranium (B) Cadmium (C) plutomium (D) grabhite
(19) which of the following isotopes normally fissonable
(A) 92 U 233 (B) 92 U 238 (C) 92 U 235 (D) 93 Np 239
(20) which of the following statement is true
(A) 78 Pt192 has 78 neutrons (B) 90Th 234  91 Pa 234  2 He 4
(C) 92 U 238  90Th 234  2 He 4 (D) Po 214 82 Pb 210  
84

(21) A Free neutron decays into a Proton, an electron and

(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
(22) The distance of the closest abbroach of an alpha particle fired at a nuclous with
kinctic energy K is ro. The distemce of the closest approach when thw  -
particle is fired at the same nucleus with kinetic energy 2k will be.
ro ro
(A) (B) 4ro (C) (D) 2ro
2 4
(23) which of the following series in the spectrum of hydrogen alon lies in the visible
legion of the electro magnetic spectrum?
(A) Paschen (B) Lyman (C) Brakett (D) Balmer
(24) If 13.6 eV energy is required to ionige the hydrogen aton the energy required to
remove the electron form n=2 state is
(A) Zero (B) 10.2 eV (C) 6.8 eV (D) 3.4 eV

293
(25) It No is the original mass of the substance of halt lift 5 years, the amount of
substance left after 15 years is
No No No No
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 8 4 2
(26) when u-238 nucleus originalluy at lest decay by emitting an  -particle having a
speed u the recoil speed of the resi-dual nucleus is.
4u 4u 4u 4u
(A) (B) (C) (D)
238 238 234 234
(27) At a certain instant, a radioactive sample has a decay rate of 5000 dis-interation
Per minute. After 5 minuter the decay rate is 1250 dis-interations Per minute.
Then the decay constant is (Per-min )
(A) 0.2 ln 4 (B) 0.4 ln 4 (C) 0.4 ln 2 (D) 0.8 ln 2
(28) A nucleus with Z=92 emits the following sequence
, ,   ,  , , , , ,   ,   , ,  ,   ,  The Z of the resulting nucleus is
(A) 76 (B) 78 (C)74 (D) 82
(29) which of the following can not be emitted in radioactive decay of the substance?
(A) Helium-nucleus (B) Electrons (C) Neutrions (D) Proton.
27 125
(30) It the radius of 13
Al nucleus is 3.6 fm the radius of
52
Te nucleus is nearly equal to
(A) 8 fm (B) 6 fm (C) 4 fm (D) 5 fm
(31) which of the following atom has the lowest ionization potentical?
14 40 133 16
(A) 7
N (B) 18
Ar (C) 55
cs (D) 8 O
(32) If the binding energy of electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, the energy
required to remove the elecron form the first state of Li2+ is.
(A) 13.6 eV (B) 30.6 eV (C) 122.4 eV (D) 3.4 eV
(33) The ionigation Potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. An electron in the ground
state absords Photon of energy 12.75 eV. How many dirrerent spectral lines can
one expect when electron make a down ward transition
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 4
(34) A radio-active nucleus AZ X emits 3  -particles and 2 Positrions. the ratio of
number of neuleuons to that of Protons in the final nucleus will be
A  Z8 A  Z  12
(A) (B)
Z4 Z4
AZ4 AZ4
(C) (D)
Z8 Z2

294
 2 1
(35) An  -particle of energy mv bombards by a heavy nuclear target of charge ze.Then
2
the distance of closet approach for the alpha nucleus will be Probprtional to
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Z3 4 m 2
7 8
(36) when 3 Li nucler are bombarded by Proton and the resultant nuclei are Be , the
4

emitted particle will be

(A) neutron (B) gamma (C) alpha (D) Beta
7
(37) starting with a samble of Puer cu-66, of it decays into Zn, 15 minules the left
8
of the samble is
(A) 5 min (B) 7.5 min (C) 10 min (D) 15 min
(38) An  -particle of energy 5 MeV is scattered though 180 by a fixed uranium
nucleus. The distance of the closest approach nucleus The distance of the closest
approach is of the order of
(A) 10 8 cm (B) 1012 cm (C) 1010 cm (D) 1015 cm
(39) The binding energy Per nucleon of deutron  21 H  and Lielium nucleus  42 H e  is
1.1 MeV and 7.0 MeV.resbectively. If two beutron nucler react to form a single
helium nucleus, the energy released is
(A)23.6 MeV (B) 26.9 MeV (C) 13.9 MeV (D) 19.2 MeV
(40) The nucleus at rest disintegrate into two nuclear parts which have their velocities
in the ratio 2:1 The ratio of their nuclar sizes will be
(A) 3 2 :1 (B) 1: 3 2 (C) 3 :1 (D) 1: 3
(41) A radiation of energy E falls normally on a Pertect reflecting surface. The
momentum transterred to the surtace is.
E 2E E
(A) (B) (C) (D) Ec
c c c2
(42) In the following nuclear fusion reaction
2
1 H  31 H  24 He  o n1
the repalsive potential energy between the two fusing nucler is 7.7  1014 J The
Temperature to which the gas must be heated is nearly (Boltzman constmt
K= 1.38  10 23 JK 1 )
(A) 103 K (B) 105 K (C) 107 K (D) 109 K

295
(43) 9 If the binding energy Per nucleon in 73 Li and 42 He nucler is 5.6 NeV and 7.06
4
 
MeV respectively, then in the reaction P  3 Li  2  2 He  (P here retrent Proton)
 
enery of Protpn must be
(A) 1.46 MeV (B) 39.2 MeV (C) 17.28 MeV (D) 39.2 MeV
(44) 9 f mo is the mass of an isotope 817 0 , mp and mn are the masses of a Proton and
neutron respectively, the binding energy of the isotebe is
(A) (m o  8m p )c 2 (B) (m o  8m p  9m n )C 2

(C) (m o  17m n )c 2 (D) m oc2

(45) In gamma ray emission form a nucleus

(A) there is no change in the proton-number and neutron number
(B) Both the number are changes
(C) only Proton number change
(D) only neutron number change
(46) The half life time of a radidactive elements of x is the same as the mean life of
another radioactive element Y. Initially they have same number of atoms, then
(A) y will decay faster thean x
(B) x will decay faster then y
(C) x and y will decay at the same rate at all time
(D) x and y will decay at the same rate intially.
(47) which of the following transition in hydrogen atoms emits Photon of highest
frequengy?
(A) n=2 to n=6 (B) n=1 to n=2
(C) n=2 to n=1 (D) n=6 to n=2
(48) An electron Passing through a Potential diffencne of 4.9 v colides with a mercury
atom and trnasfer it to the first excited state what is trnasfer it to the first excited
state. what is the wave length of Photon corresponding to the franition of
mercury atom to its normal state.
(A) 2050 A  (B) 2935 A  (C) 2525 A  (D) 2240 A 

296
(49) The binding energy Per nucleon for the Parent nucleus is E 1 and that for the
daughter nuclei is E 2 then
(A) E 1  E 2 (B) E 1  E 2 (C) E 1  E 2 (D) E 1  2E 2
(50) The speed of daughter nuclei is

 m  c m 2(m) m
(A) (B) C (C) C (D) C
M  m m M M  m
(51) Light form the discharge tube containing hydrogen atom falls on the surface of a
Piece of sodium. The kinetic energy of the fastest photo electrons emitted form
sodium is 0.73 eV. The work function for sodium is 1.82 eV. Ionigation Potential
of hydrogen is 13.6 v and the mass of hydrogen atom is 1.67 1027 kg.
(i) The energy of Photon causing the Photo electeic emission is
(A) 4.08  10 19 J (B) 2.912  1019 J
(C) 1.744  10 19 J (D) 1.168  1019 J
(ii) The quantum number of the two leVels in the emission of the Photons are
(A ) n =1 , n=3 (B) n=2 , n=4 (C) n=1 , n=4 (D) n=3 , n=4
(iv) In this transition change in the angular momentum of electron is (where h is
Plank constanst )
h h 2h 3h
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2   2
(v) The recoil speed of emitting atom caussing that is at lest before the transition
is of the order of
(A) 1 cms1 (B) 10 2 ms 1 (C) 10 4 ms 1 (D) 1ms1
(52) A and B are two radioactive substane whose half lives are 1 and 2 years
respectively. Initially 10 g of A and 1 g of B is taken. The time after which they
will have same quantity remaining is
(A) 3.6 years (B) 7 years (C) 6.6 years (D) 5 years
(53) which of these is a fusion reuction
12 12 
(A) 31 H  21 H  24 He  0 n 1 (B) 7C  6C    g

(C) 92
U
238

206

82
Pb  8  He   6  e 
4

2 1

(D) None of these

297
(54) The activity of a sample of a radio- active material is at time t1 and A2 at time t2
(where t2>t1) if T its mean life is then
(A) A 1 t 1  A 2 t 2 (B) A 2  A1 e(t  t 1 2 )T

 t1 
(C) A 1 A 2  t 2  t 1 (D)  T
A 2  A 1e  t 2 

(55) In the following disinteglation series



92 U 238 
 
 x   Z yA
The value of Z and A respectively will be
(A) 90 , 234 (B) 92 , 236 (C) 88 , 234 (D) 91 , 234
(56) gf 92 U 238 undergoes sucesively 8  decays and 6  decays then resulting nucleus is
(A) Pb 206 (B) Pb 208 (C) Pb 214 (D) None of thes
(57) The energy released by the fission of one unanium atom is 200 MeV. The number of
fission Per second required to Produce 3.2 w of Power is
(A) 1010 (B) 107
(C) 1012 (D) 1017
(58) Radio carbon dating is done by estimating in the specimen
(A) the amount of oridinary carbon still present
14
(B) the radio of the amounts of 6 C  6 C12
(C) the amount of radio carbon still Present
(D) None of these
(59) The enery difference between the first two leVels of hydrogen atom is 10.2 eV. what
is the corresponding energy difference for a singly ioniged helium atom?
(A) 10.2 eV (B) 81.6 eV (C) 20.4 eV (D) 40.8 eV
(60) The total energy of the elcton in the first excited state of hydrogen is -3.4 eV. what is
the kinatic energy of the electron in this state?
(A) 6.8 eV (B) 3.4 eV (C) -3.4 eV (D) -6.8 eV
(61) The wave length of second line of Balmer series is 486.4 nm. what is the wave length
of the first line of lyman saries ?
(A) 364.8 nm (B) 729.6 nm (C) 121.6 nm (D) None of these
(62) The innermost orbit of the hydrogen atom has a radius 0.53 A. what is radius of 2nd
orbit is ?
(A) 2.12A  (B) 1.06A  (C) 21.2A  (D) 10.6A 

298
(63) If a hydrogen atom emits a Photon of wave length, the recoil speed of the atom of
mass m is given by
h mh m
(A) (B) (C) mhλ (D)
m  h
(64) A freshly PrePared radio active source of half time 2 h emits raditation of intenisity
which is 64 times the Permissible safe leVel. The minimum time after which is would
be possible to work safely with this source is.
(A) 6 h (B) 24 h (C) 12 h (D) 36 h
(65) angle are 28 Per
I n R uthertord ex peri m ent, the num er of Parti cl es sccttered at 90o
min. then the number of Particles at the angle 1200 in Per min will be
(A) 25 (B) 12.0 (C) 50 (D) 112
(66) The Rutherford reVolution Per second made by an electron in the first Bohr orbit of
hychogen atom is of the order of
(A) 1015 (B) 1020 (C) 1010 (D) 1019
(67) The half time of a radioafive substance is 20 min, difference between Points of time
when it is 33% disintegeated and 67% dissintenated is aPProximately
(A) 10 min (B) 20 min (C) 40 min (D) 30 min
(68) The size of the atom is of the order of
(A) 1014 m (B) 1010 m (C) 10 8 m (D) 10 6 m
(69) The size of the nucleus is of the order of
(A) 1010 m (B) 1014 m (C) 1019 m (D) 10 3 m
(70) The ratio of atomic volume of nuclear volume is of the order of
(A) 10 15 (B) 10 10 (C) 1015 (D) 10 10
(71) Nucleon is common name for
(A) electron and neutron (B) Proton and neutron
(C) neutron and Positron (D) neufrom and neurtino
(72) The nucler 7 N14 and 6 C13 can be desribed as
(A) Isotones (B) Isobars (C) Isotope (D) Isomer
(73) Plutoniumdecays with half life time 24000 yer. if Plutonium is stored after 72000 yes,
the fraction of it that remain
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 9 12 8

299
(74) The radio of minimum to maximum wave length in Balmer series is
1 5 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 36 4 9
(75) If the binding energy of electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV , the energy required
to rem ov e the el ectron f rom the second ex ci ted state of L i ++ is
(A) 13.6 eV (B) 3.4 eV (C) 30.6 eV (D) 122.4 eV
1
(76) A radioactive substance decays to th of its initial activity in 40 days. the half life
16
of the radioactive substance expressed in day is
(A) 20 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 4
(77) Complete the reaction o n 1 92 U 235  56 Ba 144   3  o n1 
(A) 36 Kr 90 (B) 36 Kr 89 (C) 36 Kr 91 (D) 36 Kr 92
(78) 6 C12 absorbs an energetic neutron and emits a β Partical. The resulting nucleus is
(A) 7 N13 (B) 7 N14 (C) 6 C13 (D) 6 C12
(79) two deutrons each of mass m fuse to form helium resulting in release of energy E
the mass of helium formed is
E E E E
(A) m  (B) (C) 2m  (D) 2 m 
c2 mc 2 c2 C2
(80) what Percent of original radio active substans is left after 5 half life time
(A) 3 % (B) 5 % (C) 6% (D) 12 %
(81) In which region of eletromagnetic spectum does the Lyman series of hydrogen
atom like
(A) x-ray (B) Intrared (C) visible (D) ultraviolet
(82) In terms of Rydergi constent R. The wave number of first Balmer line is
5R 8R 8R
(A) (B) (C) R (D)
36 9 20
(83) The hydrogen atom can give specral lines in the series Lyman, Balmer and Paschen.
which of the following statement is correct
(A) Lyman series is in the intrared region
(B) Balmer series is in the ultravioet region
(C) Balmer series is in the visible region
(D) Paschen series is in the visible region.

300
(84) The ionigation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. The ionigation energy of helium
atom would be
(A) 27.2 eV (B) 13.6 eV (C) 54.4 eV (D) 6.8 eV
(85) A gamma ray Photon creates an electon- Positon Pair. If the rest mass energy of an
electron is 0.5 MeV. and the total kinetrc energy 0.7 MeV, then the energy of the
gamma ray Photon must be
(A) 3.9 MeV (B) 1.78 MeV (C) 0.78 MeV (D) 0.16 MeV
(86) The masses of netron and Proton are 1.0087 amu and 1.0073 amu respectively. It the
neufron and Protons combins to form binding energy of the helium nucleus will be
(A) 14.2 MeV (B) 28.4 MeV (C) 27.3 MeV (D) 20.8 MeV
(87) Large angle scattering of  - particle could not be explained by
(A) Thomson modal
(B) Ruther Rutherford and Thpmoson modal
(C) Both rutherford and Thomoson modal
(D) Neither Ruthorford modal norThomson modal
13.6
(88) T he energy of an el ef orn i n nth orbit of hychogen is eV. energy required to
n2
exite the electron form the first orbit 4th orbit is
(A) 13.6 (B)3.4 eV (C) 0.85 eV (D) 1.5 eV
(89) The activity of a radioactive sample is measured as no conuts Per minute at t=o and
No counts Per minute t=5 min The time (in min) at which activity reduces to half its
valus is
2 2
(A) log e (B) 5log 10 2 (C) 5log e 2 (D) log10 5
5
(90) A heavy nuecleus at lest breaks into two frigments which fly off with velocities in
the ratio 8:1 The ratio of radil of the frigments is
(A) 1:2 (B) 4:1 (C)1:4 (D) 2:1
(91) The binding energy Per nucleon of 8 O16 is 7.97 MeV and that of 8 O17 is 7.75 MeV
The energy (in-MeV) required to remove a neutrom from 8 O17 is
(A) 3.65 (B) 7.86 (C) 3.52 (D) 4.23
(92) The shape of the graph lnI  t is
(A) stright Line (B) Parabolic curve
(C) Hyberbole curve (D) random shabe curve

301
(93) The fig shows an energy leVes for the electron in a certain aton which transition in a
represents the emission of a Photon with most energy?

n=4
n=3
n=2
n=1
I II IIIIV

(A) III (B) Iv (C)I (D) II

(94) The Probability of survival of a radioactive nucleus for one mean life time is
1 1 2 3
(A) 1  s (B) (C) (D)
e e e e
(95) A s the el ectron i n B ohr i s orbi t of hy drogen atom Passes f rom state n =2 to n=1, the
K.E. and Potential energy changes as
(A) Two fold , also two fold
(B) four fold , two fold
(C) four fold , also four fold
(D) two fold , four fold
(96) In the nuclear decay below Z X A  Z1Y A  Z1 BA 4  Z 1 BA  4
(A) , ,  (B) , ,  (C) , ,  (D) , , 
(97) The wave lenght of the first line of Lyman series for hydrogen atom is equal to that
of hydrogen atom is equal to that of second line of Balmar series for a hydrogen like
ion. The atomic number Z of hydrogen like ion is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(98) A nucleus n x m emist one  -Particle and two   Particle. The resulting nucleus is
(A) Y m 4
n2 (B) nY m 6 (C) nY m 4 (D) Y m 6
n4

(99) Af a certain time, a radio active sample contains 2  1020 atoms and disintegration
rate is 3  1010 atom persec. when 2  1015 atoms are Left to decay its disintegation
rate will be
(A) 3  105 atom / s (B) 3  1010 atom/s
(C) 6.6  101 atom / s (D) 2.0  102 atom / s

302
(100) excited hydrogen atom emits a Photon of wave lenght in returninr to the ground
state The quantum number n of exilted state is given by

R  1 R
(A) (B) (C) R(R  1) (D) R(R  1)
R R  1

(101) The radius of Ge nuclide is measured to be twice the radius of 94 Be . The number of
nucleons in Ge are
(A) 72 (B) 78 (C)65 (D)80
(102)Match column I and II
column I column II
(a) sige of nucleus (P) Z
(b) number of Proton in (q) 1015 m
a nucleus (r) (A-Z)
(c) size of Atom (s) 1010 m
(d) Number of nentrous in a nucles
(A) a  r, b  s, c  q, d  p
(B) a  q, b  p, c  s, d  r
(C) a  s, b  r, c  q , d  p
(D) b  s, c  p, c  q , d  r

303
 KEY NOTE
1 (B) ar, bp, cq, ds 26 A 51 (i) A 73 D 98 C
2 (i) c (ii) b (iii) a (iv) d 27 A (ii) B 74 D 99 A
3 (i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d 28 B (iii) B 75 A 100 B
4 (C) aq, br, cs, dp 29 D (iv) D 76 C 101 A
5 A 31 C 52 C 77 B 102 B
6 B 30 B 53 A 78 A
7 C 32 B 54 B 79 C
8 C 33 C 55 D 80 A
9 B 34 C 56 A 81 D
10 A 35 C 57 D 82 A
11 D 36 B 58 C 83 C
12 D 37 A 59 D 84 C
13 D 38 B 60 B 85 B
14 C 39 A 61 C 86 B
15 C 40 B 62 A 87 A
16 A 41 B 63 A 88 C
17 C 42 D 64 B 89 C
18 B 43 C 65 B 90 A
19 C 44 B 66 A 91 D
20 C 45 A 67 B 92 A
21 B 46 A 68 B 93 D
22 A 47 C 69 B 94 B
23 D 48 C 70 C 95 C
24 D 49 A 71 B 96 A
25 B 50 C 72 A 97 B

304
 Hints
(1) Bohr atom model  stationary Orbits

 Ionization Potential  Fixed for the atom
 Rutherford atom model  Nucleus
 Thomson atom model  In atom positive and Negative charge are distaibuted
uniformly.
(4)  Nuclear fusion  generally Possible for nuclei low atomic number
 Nuclear fission  generally Possible for nuclei high atomic number
  - decay  Eessentially Prcoceeds by weak nuclear forces.
 Exothermic nuclear reaction  Convets some matter into onergy..
dN
(5) disintegration rate  N
dt
R
R  N    Constant
N
R
the graph of  t will be steaight line.
N
(6) 5  4 transition series of paschen which is fall in infrared region
(7) Ans (C) The minimum energy
13.6  13.6
 Orbit energy E n   2    13.6 ev
n (1) 2

hc hc hc
(8) Ans (C) fig From 1  2  3

A1

A3
A2

1 1 1
  
1  2 3
1  2
3
1   2

n 2h 2o
(9) Bohr radius r =
 e2m
n2
r
Z

305
(10) For, shortest wave length in Lyman series
1 
1 1 
 R  2  2    min  911A
 min 1  
For, longest wave rength in Lyman series
1 
1 1 
R  2  2    max  1215 A
 max 1 2 
(11)
(12) X (n ,  ) 73 Li
A
Z X  o n 1  73 Li  2 He 4 By equating Z and A we get
A 10
Z X 5 B

1
(13) R 2  R o (A ) 3

(14) According to conservation of momentum

m 1 v1  m 2 v 2  o
4v1  206 v 2  o
206 v 2   4v1
4v1
v2 
206

Recoil speed of daughter nucleus is

4v
206
1 1
(15) R  R o (3) 3
R1  R 0 (81) 3

1
R1  81  3 1
    (27) 3  3
R 3

 R 1  3R
(16) Isotones nucler have same neutrons
i.e. A-Z are equal.
From the given pairs 34 se74 , 31 Ca 71
has same neutruns

306
 1  1 1 
(17)   R  m 

2
n 2 
(18)
(19)
238 234
(20) 92 U  90Th + 2 He4
(21) n  p  e   
P  n  e  
(22) At a distance of closest approach kinetic energy of  - particle = Potentical
cnergy of the system
1 2 Kq1q 2
mv  K1 
2 ro

Kq1q 2
ro 
K1
When kinetic energy 219 than
ro
ro1 
2
(23)
13.6
(24) Inigation potentier (For hydrogen) E n = eV
n2
t
N
(25)
no
 1
2  T 12

(26) According to conservation of momentum

(27) N  N o e t  I  Io e t
1250=5000 e  5

1
 e 5 
4
4  e 5 
ln4  5
1
 n4  0.2n4
5

307
(28) Atomic number of final nucleus
= 92 -2 (no.of  - Particle) + 1 (No. of  Particle)

- 1(No.of  Particle)
= 92 - 2  8 + 1  4 - 1  2
= 78
(29)

(30) use formula R= Ro (A) 13

133
(31) 55 Cs a mucleus having highest Z number, the outer most electron are less in
binding with nuclera. That meam lowest binding energy.

13.6 z 2
(32) Binding energy 
n2

For Li2+ Z = 3, n = 2 first exited state

(33) E  E n  E1

E n  E  E1  12.75  13.6  0.85

13.6
En  
n2

13.6
0.85 
n2

13.6
n2   16 n  4
0.85
A 3
(34) Z X   AZ126 X1 
2e  A 12
Z 8Y

 Number of newfrons = (A  12)  (Z  8)

 A  12  Z  8

=A - Z - 4
Number of protom  Z  8

No.of neutrons A  Z  4

No.of Pr otons Z8

308
(35) at distance of closest approach K.E = P.E
1 1 (ze)(ze) ze 2
mv 2   ro 
2 4 ro   mv 2

ro  1 m

(36)
N 1 t
   where n 
(37) No  2  T1
2

(38)
(39) 1 H 2  1 H 2  2 He 4
 B. E of Helium = 4(7)-[2(1.1)+2(1.1)]
= 28-4.4
= 23.6 eV
 energy relewed is 23.6 eV
(40) According to cosveration momentum
m1v1= m2v2
m1 v 2 1
 
m 2 v1 2

3
r1 1
3

r2 2

1
r1  1  3
 
r2  3 
 r1 : r2 = 1 : 3 2
(41) Here, surface is perfacet reflector momentum of incident radiation is E/C
E E
momentum of reflected rediation is - E/C change in momentum = -  =
c c
2E

C
2E
 Momentum transtered to the surface = 
C

309
 3
(42) E  KT
2
(43) Energy of proton ( 1 H1 ) = 4 (7.06)2  7(5.6)
= 2  28.24  39.2
= 56.48  39.2
= 17.28
(44) Ans (B) B.E  mc2   mo  8mp  9mn  C2
(45)
 
0.693 1 T   T
(46)  T 1 2   T Y  1
y  2 
y
x
x

0.693 1 dx
  y 
x y 0.693

 
  T1   T  y y  1.44 x
 
 2 X
0.693 1
 According N  No e t
x y
(47) n = 2 to n = 6 absorbs photon
n = 9 to n = 2 absorbs photon
n = 6 to n = 2 emission of photon
n = 2 to n = 1 emission of photon
13.6  13.6 
E  E 2  E1      0.38  13.6  3.02 eV.
36  4 

13.6  13.6 
 1  E 2  E1       3.4  13.6  10.2 ev.
4  1 
 1  E
hf '  hf
(48) energy of electron = ve
E  4.9 1.6  1019.J
hc hc

 E

310
(49)
1
(50) Mv 2  m C 2
2
2  m  C 2
V2 
M
2(m)
VC
m
(51) (i) Kmax = hf - φ
hf = Kmux + φ
(ii) Correspnding energy leVel for 2.55 eV is n = 2 , n = 4
Ans (B)
4h 2h 2h h h
(iii) Change Angular momentum =    
2 2   
Ans (B)
(iv) Accoding to conservation of momentum
momentum of photon = momentum of lecoil altom.
h
 mu

h hf E
v  
m mc mc
t
T1
2 t

(52) m 1   1   1 1 1
   t
mb 1  2  2 2

10
m1  m1  m2
2
1 10 1
m2  t t
 t
2 2 2 2 2
t
2
10  (2)

log10  t 2 log 2

t
1.0000   0.3010
2
t  6.64 year  6.6 year

311
(53) Ans (A) 31 H  21 H  24 He  0 n1
t1 t
(54) A1  A 0e  t A  Ao et  A  A0 e t

A1
A0  
t
e 1
T
t1
T
A 0  A1e

t2
Now, A 2  A 0 e  T

t1  t2
T T
 A1 e e

A 2  A1 e(t 1  t 2 ) / T

(55) 92 U 238 
 
 x   ZY A
234

92 U 238 

 90Th 
  91Y 234
238 206 206
(56) 92U 
8d
76
X 6
 82
Y

206 206
pb
82 or pb
(57) Energy released per uranium atom = 200 MeV
 200  106 ev  200  106  1. 6  1019  320  1013 
For 320x10 -13 2  1 atom

3.2
32 J  λ -13
=1011atoms
320x10
(58)
(59) The energy leVel of hydrogen atom corresponding to 10.2 eV is n = 2, n = 1 correponding engery

13-6Z2
for the's leVel for helium atom E= -
n2

E  E12  E11

13.6  4 ( 13.6  4)
E     13.6  54.4  40.8 ev
4 1

312
 1 Ze 2
(60) For any state K.E  8E o Cn
and Cangatomsl

1 Ze 2
P.E=- (Total energy in the stote)
4πεo rn

E  K.E  P.E
1 Ze2
E  K.E
8 ru
(61) For wave longth of second line of Balmer series
1 1 1  1 1  3R
R 2  2R   
 2(B) 2 4   4 16  16

16
  2(B) 
3R
For wave length of First line of Luman series
1 1 1  1 1  3R
R 2  2R  
 2(L) 1 2  1 4  4

4
1 (L) 
3R

 2 (B) 16 3R
  4
1 (L) 3R 4

 2 (B) 486.4
1 (C)    121.6 mm.
4 4

n2
(62) r  For hydrogen atom Z = 1
z

r  n2

r1  1 

r2  4 

 
r2  4r1  4  0.53 A  2.12 A

313
(63) According comservation of momentum
momentum of photon = momentum of rocil atom.
h
 m


h
 
m
(64)
t
N  1  T 12
 
No  2 

t
log 64  log 2
2
1.8061  t  0.3010
2
2  1.8061
t  12hrs
0.3010

(65) Number of scaltering  - particle at angle  is

 Ze2  1
N  N o ns  2 
 
 m  sin 4  2

1
N1 
 2
sin 4 Q

1
N2 
 2
sin 4 Q

Q 1
sin 4  1  sin 4 45
N1  2   4 4
4
N 2 sin 4  Q 2  sin  60  9 9
 2 16
 

4 4
N2   N 1   28  12.44  12
9 9

314
(66) mr  nh 2
For first Bohr orbit n = 1
h
mr  h 2 f
4 mr 2
2

mr 2 w  h 2 f  1015

mr 2 (2f )  h 2

0.693 0.693 0.693

(67) T1 2      0.03465
 T1 20
2

N1  1  t 1 N2  1  t2
  
N o  2  T 2 No  2  T 2
1 1

t1
67  1  20 33  1 t2
 
100  2  100 2 20  
100 t1
 2 20
67
t1
20
1.5  2
t1
log1.5  log 2
20
t1
0.1761   0.3010
20
0.1761 20
t1   11.7 min .
0.3010
similary t2 = 31.7-11.7=20min
t  t 2  t1  31.7  11.7  20 min .
(68)
(69)
(70)
4113 (10 10 )3
Vo l ume of atom  15 3
 1015
4 (10 )
Volume of nuclear = l2
3

315
(71)
(72)
(73)
t
T 12
N 1  1  72000 1
   
No  2   2  24000 8
1
N  No
8

1 1 1
(74) Use formula  R 2  2 
 2 n 

36
Putiting n =  2 
5R
1 4 5R 5
   
 2 R 36 9
13.6 2
(75) For any atom any state En  Z
n2
For Second excited state n = 3 for Li, Z = 3
13  6  (3)2
E 2  13.6ev
(3)2
(76)
t
N  1  T 12
 
No  2 
40
1 1 T 12
 
16  2 

40
T 12
16  (2)

40
log16  log 2
T 12

40
1.2041   0.3010
T 12

40  0.3010
T 12   9.999  10 day
1.2041

316
(77) A value & Z value
36 kr 89

(78) 6 C12  0 n1  7 N13  1 eo

(79) E  (m)C2
E  (2m  M)C 2
E
 2m  M
C2

M  2m  E
C2
(80) at t=o N = No
N 1
t  T1 1 N  No  
2 2 No 16

t  T1  2 No N 1
N  100   100
2 4 No 32

t  T1  3 No
N  3.125
2 8

t  T1  4 N0
N  3%
2 16

t  T1  5 N0
N
2 32
(81)
1  1 1 1 1 5R
(82) Wave number =   R  22  3   R  4  9   36
 2  
(83)
13.6 Z2
(84) Ionigation energy of atom E  ev
n2
13.6  (2)2
For helum Z = 2  =54.4 eV
(1)2
(85) r  e   e 
The energy of r - ray = Rest mass energy + K. E
= (0.5 + 0.5 ) + 0.78
= 1.0 + 0.78
= 1.78 eV

317
(86) Mass degect m  (2mp  2mn)  MHe
m  ( 2  1.0087  2  1.0073)  4.0015
 4.0324.0015
m  0.030 amu
E  m  931.48 mev
 0.0305  931.48  28.4Mev
(87) Ans (A) Thomson model
(88) Ans (c) 12.75eV
13.6 13.6
E  E 4  E1    ( )  0.85  13.6  12.75 ev
4 1

(89) In mean life (T) Rest mass = No e

1 1
T    min 1
 5

N  No et
1 1
No  t rn2  t
 No e 5 5
2
1 1
 e t t  5ln 2
2 5
1
2 1  e  t t  5log e2
5
1
21  e t
5
v1
(90) V  8 :1 Accotding to conservatron of momentum
2

v1 8
 m11   m 22
V2 1

1 m
 2
2 m1
3
8 V2  r2 
  
1 V1  r1 

2 r2 r1 1
  
1 r1 r2 2

318
(91) energy reguired to remove a
neutron  17(7.75)  16(7.97)
 131.75  127.52
 4.23ev
(92)
(93)
(95)
1 1
kn  un 
n2 n2
k1 4 u1 4
 
k2 1 u2 1

k1 = 4k2 u1 = 4u2
 K. E. four told P.E also four told. Ans (c)
(96) z X A 

 z1Y A 

 z 1 BA  4 
r
 z 1 BA  4
Ans (A) β,α,γ

1 2  1 1 
(97)   RZ  n 2  n 2   for any atom
 2 1 

1 2  1 1 2 1 1  3RZ 2
 R(1)  2  2   R2   
1 (L) 1 2   4 16  4

1 3R 4
  1 (L) 
1 (L) 4 3R

2
1 1 1  1 1  3RZ
 RZ2  2  2   R22    
 2 (B) 2 4   4 16  16

16
  2 (B) 
3RZ 2

1 (L)
 2 (B)

22
1  z2  4 Z  2
4
(98) n X m 

 n 2 X1 m  4 
2
n Ym4

319
 dN
(99)  dN  I  dN
df
I1  N1 I 2  N 2

I1 I1
 
N1 N2

I1 f I 3  1010  2  1015
  2  I2  1  N 2   3  105
N1 N 2 N1 2 10 20

1 1 1 
(100) R 
 12 n 2 

1  1
 R 1  2 
  n 

1
 RR 2
 n

R R  1
 R 1 
n 2  

R R  1

n2 

R
n2 
R  1

R
n
R  1
1 1
(101) R  R o (a) 3
 2R  R 0 (A) 3

1
1  9 3 1 9
        A  72
2 A 8 A
-15
(102)  Size of nucleus  10 m
 No. of proton in a nucleus  Z
-10
 Size of atom  10 m
 No.of neutrin in nucleus  (A-Z)
Ans (B) a  q, b  P, c  s, d  r

320