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• For polyatomic molecules (e.g. CH4), energy required to break each bond (in
succession) depends on its exact environment, so take average:
CH4 (g) → CH3 (g) + H (g) ∆H = 435 kJ/mol
CH3 (g) → CH2 (g) + H (g) ∆H = 453 kJ/mol
CH2 (g) → CH (g) + H (g) ∆H = 425 kJ/mol
CH (g) → C (g) + H (g) ∆H = 339 kJ/mol
CH4 (g) → C (g) + 4 H (g) ∆H = 1652 kJ/mol
• Average ∆H = DC–H = 1652 kJ/mol ÷ 4 = 413 kJ/mol (D = bond energy)
o Table value is different because it averages many more C-H bonds
• Even though there is variation in energies, the concept is still useful for estimating
reaction enthalpies