Chemistry Project Report on Polymers

Chemistry Project Report on Polymers

This chemistry project report is on "Polymers"

and all information about Modern Chemical
Industry, Simple Organic Molecules,
Macromolecules, Polymerization, Natural
Polymers, Synthetic Polymers, Linear
Polymers, Branched Chain Polymers, Three-
dimensional Network Polymers, Addition
Polymers, Condensational Polymers etc.
Project Report on Polymers

Polymers : Polymers is the chief products of

modern chemical industry. Polymers from the
backbone of the modern civilization. In almost
all walks of life, starting from household
utensils, clothes, furniture etc. to automobiles to
space aircrafts, polymers are extensively use.
Some of the things are provided by nature as
such while most of the others are fabricated
from natural resources by the people of
different skills. For a common person rubber
means the material used in types, plastics
means material used in manufacture of
electrical equipment. This is quite correct but
the scientists and chemists thinkans perform
investigation about it and its modified from is
useful for society.
Simple organic molecules contain 30-40 units of
carbon atom. Natural rubber has molecular
mass of about 22000 units. Molecular mass of
starch is 40000 units or higher. Molecular of
protein have molecular range thousand up to
million. The substance having high molecular
mass was reluctantly accept in the early
twentieth century. In the 1920's a German
chemist Herman Staudinger (1882-1965)
introduced the new tern-macromolecule of giant
molecules. He also devised his own
experiments to find out the molecular mass of
polymers. For this valuable work, he was
awarded Noble Prize for 1953.
Macromolecules, both natural and man-made,
owe their great size to the fact that they are
polymers (Greek-many parts); that is, each one
is made up of a great many simpler units-
identical to each other or at least chemically
polymerization. The joining together of many
small molecules to form very large molecules.
The simple compound from which polymers are
made are called monomers.
Classification of Polymers

 Classification Based Upon Sources.

 Classification Based Upon Structure.
 Classification Based Upon Synthesis.
 Classification Based Upon Molecular
Forces.

Classification of Polymers based upon Sources :

Depending on the source the polymers are

classified into two classes :

 Natural Polymers.
 Synthetic Polymers.

Natural Polymers :
The polymers obtained from nature i.e. from
plants and animals are called Natural Polymers.
These include starch cellulose proteins, nucleic
acids and natural rubbers.

Synthetic Polymers :

The polymers synthesized by man in the

laboratory are called Synthetic Polymers. These
are long-chain organic, molecules containing
thousands of monogenic units some of these
polythene, polyesters, PVC, Teflon, Nylon,
Bakellite and Decron.
Classification based upon Structure

On the bases of structure polymers are divided

into three types :

1.

Linear Polymers :

In these polymers, the monomers are joined

together to form long straight chains of polymer
molecules. Some important example of linear
polymers are high density polythene, nylon,
polyesters etc.

2.

Branched Chain Polymers :

In these polymers, the monomers units not only

combine to produce the linear chain but also
form branches along the main chain.
For example : Low density polythene, glycogen
etc. are the Branched Chain Polymers.

3.

Three-dimensional Network Polymers :

In these polymers the initially formed linear

polymers chains are joined to form three
dimensional network structure.

Classification based on Synthesis :

1. Addition Polymers.
2. Condensational Polymers.
Additional Polymerization and Additional Polymers :

When the monomer molecules are joined

together to form long chain without the
elimination of any by product the product
formed is called an Additional Polymer and the
process involved is called Addition
Polymerization.

Condensation Polymers :

A large number of monomer molecules

combined together usually with the loss of a

simple molecule like water, ammonia and

Co2 etc. in which formula of repeating structural

unit is not same as that of monomer. e.g.

Nylon66, Bakelite et
 Bibliography

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