Annotated Bibliography

Primary sources

Nasa, NASA, history. https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/us.htm

Dwight D. Eisenhower is explaining how space exploration will benefit the United States. This
gave us information about the 34th president's opinion on the topic of space exploration. It
showed how a leader is willing take risk during a conflict to benefit their nation.

Siddiqi, Asif, “On the Feasibility of Development of an Artificial Earth Satellite.” Nasa, NASA,
7 Aug 2007, https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/us.htm

This is the first letter of request by the Soviet government about launching an artificial satellite.
It gave us some explanation on the Soviets and how they requested to launch a satellite. This is a
primary source so it will also able to provide a first hand experience of the time.

Churchill, Winston. “The Sinews of Peace ('Iron Curtain Speech').” The International Churchill
Society, 12 Apr. 2017, www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-
statesman/the-sinews-of-peace.

This is a speech written by Winston Churchill. This is a primary source that helped us understand
the mindset of a leader that is not American or Russian. It shows his plans and what actions he
will take to prevent the spread of communism in the east.

Kennedy, John F. “John F. Kennedy (USA), General Assembly (20 September 1963).” YouTube,
United Nations, 12 Sept. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhmamM5Kt68.

This speech was a speech given by John F Kennedy. It was speech about how the world should
remain peaceful. This source was useful for showing compromise. It was an attempt that the
United States made to make peace with the Soviets.

Kennedy, John F. “John F. Kennedy.” NASA, NASA, er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm.

This was another speech by JFK. This speech inspired the Americans to want to go to the moon.
It was one way to defeat the Soviets during the space race. When making our project we used
this source for writing about the Americans.
Secondary sources

“The soviet space program.” National Cold war Exhibition,2013,

www.http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/schools-colleges/national-curriculum/space-
race/soviet-space-program.aspx.

This source includes a look into what the Soviets faced during the space race. This source
informed us on what the Soviets experienced. This source has information about wins and losses
of the Soviet space program. This helped us to understand the start of the space race for Russia.

Dunbar Brian”United States-Soviet Space cooperation during the cold war” Nasa,Nasa,28 May
2008, https://www.nasa.gov/50th/50th_magazine/coldWarCoOp.html

The sources includes information about the Soviet union. It highlights Co-Op missions that
included both the USSR and the U.S. The source helped to provide information on compromise
in the space race.

PBS, Public Broadcasting service, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/astrospies/time-nf.html

We used this to gain an understanding of the spying conducted by both sides during the Space
Race. The source includes information about the Open skies policy which the Soviets rejected.
This is one example of conflict that our group used. This article helps to highlight conflict.

“End of an Era” End of an Era, https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-

moon/online/later-missions/end-of-era.cfm

This source is about the Apollo missions and how they changed the world. A timeline of events
included in this source. We used this source to plot major events during the space race. We also
used this source to explain the Apollo missions in more detail.

History.msfc.nasa.gov (2017) Biography of Wernher Von Braun [Online] Available at:

https://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html

This explains the many accomplishments of Braun and what he has achieved working for the
Nazis and the United States. He helped with ballistic missile technology and improved already
existing technology. This would be used to help the United States reach the moon. This source
helped us to understand one of the main scientists responsible for getting us to the moon.

Ryba,Jeanne “60’s From Dream to reality in ten years” Nasa, Nasa,

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/history/timeline/60s-decade.html
The source is about the different key events during the space race for the United States. This
helped to show compromise of the space race. It also gave us a sense of time of when key events
happened like the Apollo missions.

French, Bevan M., and Stephen P. Maran. A Meeting with the universe. 1981.

This source helped us with providing information on space itself. We will be able to understand
the locations of key events during the space race. Understanding the actual universe and the key
locations explored by humans during the space race will help us to explain and provide a visual
for our project.

“Outer space treaty” U.S Department, U.S department of State,

https://www.state.gov/t/isn/5181.htm

The U.S created a treaty that banned land claiming in space. Many countries signed it including
Russia. This source directly shows compromise made by the U.S and the Soviets. It is one of
many treaties that eased tensions between the nations. This source highlights that.

Muir-Harmony, Teasel. “American Foreign Policy and the Space Race.” Oxford Research
Encyclopedia of American History, 8 June 2017,
americanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-
9780199329175-e-274.

The origins of the space race start right around the end of WW2 as Nazi scientists aided both the
Americans and the Soviets. The source also highlights some of the major events that increased
tensions between the nations. We used this source for general information on the beginning and
end of the space race.

Exploring the Unknown. Edited by John M Logsdon, NASA, history.nasa.gov/SP-

4407/vol4/cover.pdf.

This source provided a lot of information about the space race. It went into fine detail about
every aspect of the era. It also provided information about the hardships and struggles of the cold
war. Overall it is a history for NASA. This helped us to provide information about the Americans
during and after the space race.

“1945–1952: The Early Cold War.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State,
history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/foreword.
The U.S came out on top after world war II. Its economy grew and the U.S became wealthy. The
rise of communism threatened the west. Conflicts over advancing technology grew. This source
aided us with information about the cold war and space race.

“Lockheed Martin at a Glance.” Powering the Space Race · Lockheed Martin,

www.lockheedmartin.com/us/100years/stories/space-race.html.

The United States space technology was also used for defense. This source helped us to prove
and present conflicts of the space race. Not only were tensions great for the United States but
weapons were developed and aimed at enemy nations.

“Timeline of Space Exploration.” The Space Race, The Space Race.com,

www.thespacerace.com/timeline/.

We used this source to make a timeline of the key events of the space race. When making the
timeline we also used this to show conflict and compromise.

“July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap For Mankind.” Edited by Nasa Content Administrator, NASA,
NASA, 19 Feb. 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11.html.

We used this source when researching about the apollo missions. These missions are one of the
main things to come out of the space race. It was the first time humans had been to any other
celestial body. Apollo 11 was a major historic event.

Dungan, T. “Wernher von Braun.” V2ROCKET.COM - Wernher von Braun,

www.v2rocket.com/start/chapters/vonbraun.html.

The v2 rocket is were both the Americans and the Soviets got the technology for rockets. The
start of the space race can be attributed to this rocket. One of the engineers that worked on this
was Wernher Von Braun. He was a Nazi scientist who wished to make amends for his time
working with the Nazi’s. He helped the Americans during operation paperclip to invent new
rockets.

Zak, Anatoly. “Sergei Korolev.” Korolev, www.russianspaceweb.com/korolev.html.

We used this source when we writing about the Soviet efforts during the space race. Sergei
Korolev was like Wernher Von Braun except he worked for the Soviets. They were both very
talented and were excellent engineers and scientists.
“The Space Race.” Digital History, 2016,
www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&psid=3426.

We used this article when summarizing the space race. It is a small article that provides details
on the start of the Cold War and Sputnik. Sputnik was the first man made satellite and it kicked
off the space race.