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The sun transfers heat to the Earth through radiation. Milutin Milankovitch, born in 1879 and died in 1958, is a
It absorb in the form of long wave energy called infrared Serbian astronomer, explain the past climatic change.
(IR) light. Have 3 cycles:
If all the heat is release into the outer space, our planet 1st Cycle: Precession
would be a very cold planet with a temperature -18°C. Takes into account that as the Earth rotates on
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide it’s axis.
are called greenhouse gases because they cause the It wobbles or vibrates like a spinning top.
greenhouse effect. 2 Cycle: Obliquity
nd
Three key factors which sustain life on Earth: Takes about 41,000 years to complete.
Solar Energy Takes into account that changes in the Earth’s
Biogeochemical Cycles tilt.
Gravity 3rd Cycle: Eccentricity
Not new to our planet Deals with the changes in the shape of the
Earth’s orbit around the sun.
Montreal Protocol Within 100,00 years, the Earth’s orbit changes
Signed in September 17, 1987 in Montreal, Canada from elliptical to circular.
Diminished the use of CFCs The more eccentric, the greater is the
24 countries initially signed but after 20 years, it became difference.
191 countries who signed the protocol. Ice Core
In 1985, group of scientists and government
representatives from different countries met in Vienna, When a more potent GHG like CH4 was analyzed, it
Austria. showed a strong correlation with changing temperature.
Banned the CFCs by 2010
Historical accounts are based on the recorded accounts Use energy-efficient electrical appliances
by people who described environmental situations in the Use electrical appliances efficiently
past. (1st Method) Do not let any electrical appliance “sleep”
Tree ring analysis makes use of the annual growth rings of Campaign for the use of renewable energy resources
trees which may be thicker or thinner, depending on the Do not throw away garbage
past climate. (2nd Method)
Ice Core Analysis makes use of ice extracted from the The Ozone Hole
glacier’s depth. (3rd Method) Not exactly a hole but a much thinner layer.
Ocean sediment analysis makes use of remnants of Made up of ozone molecules which are gaseous spread
organism which once lived on land, and indicated past out over the stratosphere approximately 20 km to 30 km.
temperatures. (4th Method) The concentration over the Earth’s surface varies from
Phenology is the study of the time of recurring natural one location to another.
phenomena especially in relation to climate. (5th Caused by the special weather conditions in the area.
Method) In this warmer season, the ozone hole disappears again
There were studies that link increasing Co2 concentration 1980s when the ozone hole was first observed
with raising global temperature.