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Benjamin Fritzsche
Ingo Just
Verantwortlicher Professor:
Prof. Dr. Florain Alt
Outline
• Definition & Characteristics
• AR Planning & Performing
• AR Evaluation
• Development
• Usage in IS & computing
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Discussion
Action Research 2
Definition & Characteristics
Action Research 3
Definition & Characteristics
History
Action Research 4
Definition & Characteristics
Concentration
on practical
issues
Action
An iterative
outcomes
cycle of plan-
plus research
act-reflect
outcome
Characteristics
Multiple data
Emphasis on
generation
change
methods
Collaboration
with
practitioners
Action Research 5
Definition & Characteristics
Action Research 6
Planning & Performing
• Outline
– FMA(R)
– Research Process
– Research Protocol
– Participation
– Self-delusion & Group-thinking
– Outcomes & Generalization
Action Research 7
Planning & Performing
• F, M, A, (R)
F – framework of ideas
A – area of application
Action Research 8
Planning & Performing
• Research Process (plan-act-reflect)
Diagnosis
(F)
Planning
Reflection
(M)
Intervention
Evaluation
(A)
Action Research 9
Planning & Performing
• Research Protocol
Content:
Involvement:
• Collaborative
• Facilitative
• Expert
Action Research 10
Planning & Performing
• Participation
Important in AR:
Action Research 11
Planning & Performing
• Self-delusion & group-thinking
Self-delusion
Group-thinking
Action Research 12
Planning & Performing
• Outcomes
Action Research
• Practical • Theoretical
achievements in the achievements
problem situation • Learning about the
• Include: processes of problem-
• Improved efficiency solving and acting in a
• Greater situation
effectiveness • Confirm/ modify/
• Enhanced reject existing
communication theories, or build new
ones
Action Research 13
Planning & Performing
• Generalizations
Do not:
Do:
Action Research 14
Evaluation
Easy 10 step Evaluation Guide:
Action Research 15
Development
“New Action Research” Definitions:
Action Research 16
Development
Relational Praxis
Everyday world consists of
Removal of distinctions
• Researcher-subject
• Academic-practitioner
Research is undertaken
Focusing on
• Information society
• Digital divide
• Community informatics
• E-democracy
Action Research 17
Development
Reflexive-practical outcome
Technical
• Functional improvements
• Majority of action research projects
Practical
• Functional improvements
• Reflection and understanding
• Self-educational
Emancipatory
• Functional improvements
• Self-understanding
• Evaluate social or organizational context
• Empowers participants to overcome social barriers
Action Research 18
Development
Plurality of knowing
Experimental
• Empathy
• Intuition
• Feeling
• Stories
• Drawings
• Music
Propositional
Practical
Action Research 19
Development
Significant work
Action Research 20
Development
Enduring consequences and infrastructure
Multi-view Methodology
Action Research 22
Usage in IS & computing
• Wray Photo Display
– Taylor and Cheverst
– Public display for community-generated
photography
– use of photos and how public display
technology may support these interactions
– After 2 years over 1000 uploads
– Positive feedback
Action Research 23
Usage in IS & computing
http://thesharcproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/wray.jpg?w=225&h=300
Action Research 24
Advantages & …
Relevant to people in the real world
Action Research 25
… Disadvantages
Unknown and unaccepted by many computing researchers
Action Research 26
Take Home Message
• Produce practical and research outcome
• Prepare the iterative Plan-act-reflect process
• Let the practitioners participate
• Remove the researcher-subject distinction
• Do significant work
Action Research 27
Discussion
Action Research 28
References
• Action Research (excerpt)
• Henze, N., Sahami Shirazi, A., Schmidt, A., Pielot,
M., & Michahelles, F. (2013). Empirical Research
through Ubiquitous Data Collection. IEEE
Computer
• Henze, N., & Pielot, M. (2012). How to do Mobile
HCI Research in the large? Tutorial at MobileHCI.
• Alt, F., Schneegaß, S., Schmidt, A., Müller, J., &
Memarovic, N. (2012, June). How to evaluate
public displays. In Proceedings of the 2012
International Symposium on Pervasive Displays
(p. 17). ACM
Acion Research 29