Ecology (Compatibility Mode)

Ecological Terminology
Environment
Introduction to Ecology
Ecology Biotic vs. Abiotic
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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Levels of Organization Organism

of Matter in Nature
Ecology focuses on five Any form of life
of these levels Can be classified
into species
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Ecosystems
All members of a community, along with

their physical and chemical environments
Vary greatly in size
Coral Reefs are a rich,
Diversity promotes stability and diverse and productive
productivity ecosystems
Dynamic
energy flow
chemical cycling
Change over time (succession)
A coastal wetland on
Lake Superior,
Wisconsin.
Major Components of an ecosystem in a field
Biomes Earth’s Major Biomes
Forests Result
primarily from
Grasslands (prairies) differences in
Deserts climate
Grasslands in the Great
Sand Dunes National
Chaparral (temperate shrublands) Monument and Preserve
Human
activities have
removed or
altered much
of the natural
vegetation in
some areas
Prairie Creek Redwoods
Sate Park
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Desert Orthographic Lifting
Tropical Explains the formation of desert

Temperate
Polar
Pictures w/ climate graphs
Grasslands Forests
Tropical (savannas) Tropical Rainforests

Temperate Temperate Deciduous
Polar (arctic tundra) Evergreen Coniferous

(taigas or boreal forests)
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Stratification of Specialized Plant and Animal Niches in a Tropical Rain Forest Working in the Rain Forest Canopy
Stratification (or
zonation) of
Species
Pattern of
separation of species
into distinctive
vertical habitats or
zones.
Niche
The environmental
factors that
influence the
growth, survival,
and reproduction of
a species.
Chaparral (temperate shrubland) Aquatic Ecosystems
Moderate climate Freshwater

Subject to periodic fires and mudslides Flowing Water
Coastal areas of S. California, the Lakes
Mediterranean Sea, central Chile, S.

Wetlands Snake River with Grand
Australia and S. Africa
Tetons in background
Estuaries
Oceans
Intertidal or littoral
Coastal or neritic
Coral Reefs
Open Ocean Mountain Lake in

Grand Teton
Benthic National Park
4
Zonation in Lakes Thermal Stratification in Lakes
Zonation in a Marine Environment Primary Production
The conversion of light energy

to chemical energy is called
“gross primary production.”
(photosynthesis)
Plants use the energy captured
in photosynthesis for
maintenance and growth.
The energy that is accumulated
in plant biomass is called “net
primary production.”
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Biological Processes
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Photosynthesis
Light wavelenghts:
400 – 700 nm
Drives photosynthetic
reactions
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The Leaf as Site of Photosynthesis Photosynthetic Pathways
C3 (Calvin Cycle)
C4 (Hatch and Slack)
Dissimilar Organisms with Similar Approaches to Desert Living
Crassulacean
Acid Metabolism
(CAM)
Photosynthetic
pathway for
xerophytic plants
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Water Conservation of
Rain Forest Plants Arthropod Living in a Desert
Temporary wilting An ecological puzzle: the cicada,

reduces leaf surface Diceroprocta apache, is active when
area for transpiration. air temperatures would appear to
be lethal for the species.
Thinking About Insects
Why there are so many insects?

What are the roles of insects in nature?
Answer:
: evaporative cooling.
By
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems Classification of Organisms Based on Energy Utilization
Producers (Autotrophs) and Consumers (Heterotrophs)

Trophic Levels
Ecological Pyramids of Energy
Ecological Pyramids of Biomass
Ecological Pyramids of Numbers
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Hydrogen sulfide as energy Food chains and web show how eaters, the eaten, and
source in the deep sea. the decomposed are connected to one another.
Food chain is a sequence of organisms, each of which is a
source of food for the next.
Food web is a complex network of interconnected food
chains.
Ammonium as energy source in
soil.
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A Food Chain
A Food Web
Second Law of Thermodynamics

There is a
decrease in
the amount
of energy
available to
each
succeeding
organism in
a food chain
or web.
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Ecological Pyramids of Energy Ecological Pyramids of Biomass
Biogeochemical Cycles Water Cycle
Cycling of materials between the

environment and organisms
Chemical and biological processes
Examples
Plants obtain nitrogen
Water cycle from nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and pass it to
Nitrogen cycle other organisms through
the food chain
Phosphorus cycle
Carbon cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle
Biogeochemical Cycle Activity
Pass out untitled diagrams of the water cycle, nitrogen

cycle, and carbon cycle.
Have students title each cycle and explain why they
chose these titles.
Provide a list of labeling terms and have students create
labels for each stage or process on all three diagrams.
Applications/suggestions
Use as an introductory or post-discussion
assessment.
Laminate group sets and use erasable markers to
save paper and prep time.
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Ecology (Compatibility Mode)

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Ecology (Compatibility Mode)

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Ecological Terminology

Levels of Organization Organism

All members of a community, along with

Major Components of an ecosystem in a field

Biomes Earth’s Major Biomes

Tropical Explains the formation of desert

Tropical (savannas) Tropical Rainforests

Polar (arctic tundra) Evergreen Coniferous

Chaparral (temperate shrubland) Aquatic Ecosystems

Moderate climate Freshwater

Coastal areas of S. California, the Lakes

Mediterranean Sea, central Chile, S.

Open Ocean Mountain Lake in

Zonation in a Marine Environment Primary Production

The conversion of light energy

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Photosynthesis

Dissimilar Organisms with Similar Approaches to Desert Living

Temporary wilting An ecological puzzle: the cicada,

Thinking About Insects

Why there are so many insects?

Producers (Autotrophs) and Consumers (Heterotrophs)

Chemoautotrophic Bacteria Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Biogeochemical Cycles Water Cycle

Cycling of materials between the

Biogeochemical Cycle Activity

Pass out untitled diagrams of the water cycle, nitrogen

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