National Conference on Innovations And Emerging Technologies For Future Smart Cities-(NCIETFSC’17)

A Survey on Image Encryption and Decryption

Techniques
G. Subitcha M. Marimuthu
UG Scholar Assistant Professor
Department of Computing Department of Computing
Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore Institute of Technology

Abstract --A tremendous growth has been viewed in the past few
decades in the technological fields, the rise of growth on hand
also lead its path to the level of security endurance on those
data. As the information must be safeguarded in order to its
path to prevent it from being leaked to the unauthorized
persons, the method used for hiding and un hiding the data are
referred as encrypting and decrypting the data. This encryption
techniques has been applied in different types of data like text,
image, audio clips, videos etc., this paper presents an overview
of the available image encryption techniques.
Keywords: Image Encryption, Decryption, Permutation,
Symmetric Key
I. INTRODUCTION
The enormous development in technology requires
secured communication in open networks. Open networks are
highly vulnerable due to attackers present in between the
communication channel. In order to secure the data and
image, lot of image encryption methods are proposed by
researchers. This paper describes the view of image
encryption and the different reviews on the types of image
encryption.
A. Image Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting a processed
set of data which has some secret message into an hidden
format known as encrypt which helps from hiding the data
from the masked people. There are different types of
encryption techniques algorithm which are used for packeting
the new data’s they are
B. Symmetric Encryption
These can also be referred to as public key
protection mode, since the key's are the same that are used
for both encrypting and decrypting the data by both the
sender and the receiver, it is like a public key which leads to
less protection and easy to obtain the message from sender.
C. Shared Secret Encryption
It is like a security password or key known only to
the required authorities, both the sender and the receiver have
own set of passwords to encrypt the data, this method also be
referred as PRE SHARED KEY. Under similar categories of
encryption models the image encryption algorithms are
categorized into three main models they are,
 Position Permutation Based Algorithm
 Value Transformation Based Algorithm
 Position-substitution Based Algorithm
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
M. Zeghid et al. [3] proposed a technique of image
encryption used for the digital data which uses Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES), along with an added key stream
generator (A5/1, W7) to the AES to ensure improving the
encryption performance.

 Symmetric Encryption
 Shared Secret Encryption

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 National Conference on Innovations And Emerging Technologies For Future Smart Cities-(NCIETFSC’17)
Mohammad Ali Bani Younes and Aman Jantan [4] introduce
a new permutation technique based on the combination of
image permutation and a well known encryption algorithm
called RijnDael. The original image was divided into 4 pixels
× 4 pixels blocks and permutated, finally image is rearranged.
An advanced version of hill chipper method has been
proposed by Bibhudendra Acharya et al. [5]. In the theory in
a way through which the images are encrypted at a faster rate
and also up comes the problem of encryption with
homogenous backgrounds. The key technique used for
encryption are C + Ek(p)=Kp and for decryption is
P = Dk(c) = K ^ - 1C = K ^ - 1 Kp = P
An image encryption model developed by Sesha Pallavi
Indrakanti and P.S.Avadhani [6] have described the
permutation model which is done by rearranging the
elements without altering the pixels or bits of the image ,
which results in an highly secured image with adjacent pixels
assurances. Authors used three various stages for this type of
encryption, in first stage the image is been split up into
blocks and in second stage the separated image is been taken
to the generation phase where the key is generated, the third
phase is the shared phase of identification phase where the
share and key are generated and given to the receiver. The
key being generated is of 64 bit, which is split up into 8
different components each sharing and working on its own
subsets.
Zhang Yun-peng et al. [7] proposed an chaotic encryption,
DES encryption and a combination of image encryption
algorithm. The technique follows new encryption scheme
which uses the logistic sequencer to make the pseudo-random
sequence, carries on the RGB with this sequence to the image
chaotically, then makes double time encryptions with
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improvement DES. The result shows high starting value
sensitivity, and high security and the encryption speed.
A criterion for choosing chaos map to drive image bit
permutation based on chaos permutation information entropy
is proposed by CAO Guang-hui et al. [8] An algorithm for
image bit permutation is designed based on the fact that the
output trajectory of chaotic system is very unpredictable.
Image smallest granularity scrambling, namely, bit space
maximum scrambling is implemented by applying the chaos
that has been selected. Image substitution algorithm
according to the principle of chaos map stretch and fold is
designed to finish image encryption transformation to
enhance the ability to resist attack.
Seyed Mohammad Seyedzade et al. [9] have proposed a
novel algorithm for image encryption based on SHA-512
hash function. The algorithm consists of two main sections:
The first does preprocessing operation to shuffle one half of
image. The second uses hash function to generate a random
number mask.
Ibrahim S I Abuhaiba and Maaly A S Hassan [10] presented
a new effective method for image encryption which employs
magnitude and phase manipulation using Differential
Evolution (DE) approach. They have carried out key space
analysis, statistical analysis, and key sensitivity analysis to
demonstrate the security of the new image encryption
procedure
Rasul Enayatifar and Abdul Hanan Abdullah [11] have
proposed a new method based on a hybrid model composed
of a genetic algorithm and a chaotic function for image
encryption. In their technique, first a number of encrypted
images are constructed using the original image with the help
of the chaotic function. In the next stage, these encrypted
images are employed as the initial population for starting the
operation of the genetic algorithm. Chaotic function is the
main concept held behind this methodology, due to its
deterministic work approach. During the first phase the
image is chosen and five pixels are chosen for encryption key
leading to the logical map function for encrypting part. On
second level, the logistic map obtained from five pixel is
worked on a formula,
P=[p1,p2,p3,p4,p5](decimal”)
 National Conference on Innovations And Emerging Technologies For Future Smart Cities-(NCIETFSC’17)
These p represent the 5 pixels each holding 8 bits.
Level 3: each part of the image is repeated with the level 2
tasks. On the last session, the equation and the initial value of
the picture are used in terms of,
NewValue = round(Uik*255) *oldvalue.
Thus the method results in a high stability in areas of
common attacks.
A new optical interference-based multiple-image encryption
using spherical wave illumination and gyrator transform is
proposed by Muhammad Rafiq Abuturab [12]. In this
proposal, each secret color image is divided into normalized
red, green, and blue component images and independently
encoded into corresponding phase-only component images.
Then each phase-only component image of all the images are
combined together to produce a single-phase-only component
image as an input component image, which is bounded with a
random phase mask to form a complex image. The two
phase-only masks are analytically obtained from the inverse
Fourier transformation of the complex image. The host image
is chosen as the first phase-only mask, and the complex
image hidden in the host image is regarded as the second
phase-only mask. The spherical wave is generated to
simultaneously illuminate phase-only masks. Then two
modulated masks are gyrator transformed. The corresponding
transformed images are phase truncated to obtain encrypted
images and amplitude truncated to construct decryption keys.
Ravi Prakash Dewangan and Chandrashekhar Kamargaonkar
[13] have proofed their thoughts that the pixels that are
obtained from an encrypted image can be represented into
combined performance of 1D,2D key that are used for
encryption ,which leads to an faster encryption and redundant
brutal force attack. An image encryption can be done using
three methods they are pixels, blocks and permutation. All
these three methods are been implemented in this approach,
the image is been separated into blocks, they undergo row
and column pixel permutation, the pixel permutation and
block permutation are mostly similar in terms of working.
The Encrypted key for the image is been developed at the
time interval of splitting up of blocks and the pixel
permutation, the decryption is done between the pixel
permutation and the block representation.
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Bhaskar monadl, tarni mandal, [14] have presented a new
scheme of light weight encryption method where an plain
image is Re-arranged using a sequence .Techniques like
pseudo random number (PRN) and encrypted by Deoxyribo
Nucleic Acid (DNA) are used to generate the encrypted
image with lighter weight. Tow PRN are used in this
process, the First PRN to re-arrange the images and the
second one to generate random DNA sequence .In terms, the
convey that, The number of rounds of re-arrangement and
encryption enriches their level of security.
Tariq Shah et al. [15] proposed a criterion to analyze the
prevailing S-boxes and study their strengths and weaknesses
in order to determine their suitability in image encryption
applications. The proposed criterion uses the results from
correlation analysis, entropy analysis, contrast analysis,
homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, and mean of absolute
deviation analysis. These analyses are applied to advanced
encryption standard (AES), affine-power-affine (APA), gray,
Lui J, residue prime, S8 AES, SKIPJACK, and Xyi Sboxes.
Jun Li et al [16] presented an compressive encryption
technique .By using an Double Random Phase Encoding
(DRPE) method the image is led to a white sense stationary
noise patter, and the image is compressed and encrypted, the
decryption of the image can be done using a Three
constructed holograms and correct keys, they assume that this
method is effective and suitable for optical image security
transmission in future encryption works.
Amrane houas et al [17] proposed a new algorithm to
encrypt binary images. Proposed method use some basic
steps to be followed, they are to reduce the amount of data,
that is need to present the image, image is split into blocks
and represent them in new basis with obtaining a key image
and encrypted image. The decryption is done in terms of
subtraction between each encrypted image and the key-
image, then they are summed up at last to obtain the original
one
III. CONCLUSION
Nowadays, the security of digital images become more and
more important since the communications of digital products
over open network occur more and more frequently. In this
paper, we have surveyed existing work on image encryption.
We also give general guide line about cryptography and the
 National Conference on Innovations And Emerging Technologies For Future Smart Cities-(NCIETFSC’17)
different type of encryption algorithm and their charts and
also reviewed on the symmetric and secret key encryption
methods. We conclude that all techniques are useful for real-
time image encryption. Techniques describes in this paper
that can provide security functions and an overall visual
check, which might be suitable in some applications. So no
one can access image which transferring on open network.
In general, a well-studied, fast and secure common image
encryption should be developed. Surely our method would
provide high level security for image transfer.
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