Zafer URE

Unit 32, Mere View Ind. Estate, Yaxley, Cambridgeshire, PE7 3HS, UK
Tel.: +44(0)1733-243400, Fax: +44(0)1733-243344,

e-mail: z.ure@pcmproducts.net
www.pcmproducts.net
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

“ Storing High or Low

temperature energy for later
use in order to bridge the
time gap between energy
availability and energy use “
 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
TECHNIQUES

SENSIBLE LATENT
TES TES

Chilled / Hot Fabric Ice Eutectic

Water TES TES TES

2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003

 SENSIBLE Vs LATENT HEAT OPERATION

Sensible Heat Capacity

Temperature

Melting
Latent Heat Capacity Curve

Time
2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003
 EUTECTIC MATERIAL
PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (PCM)

Mixture of two or more chemicals (inorganic salts)

having a freezing / melting temperature point which
is higher or lower than those of water 0 C (32F).

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SALT-BASED SOLUTIONS

Waxes (HC Cuts) Glauber’s Salt
Vegetable Oil Organic Salts
Sugar (Acetate / Formate based)
Fatty Acids Inorganic Salts
Alcohol (Chloride/Nitrate based)
Polyol (Solid-Solid) Molten Salts
 +90 ºC High Temperature +885 ºC
0 ºC 194 ºF Molten Salts 1,625 ºF
WATER

+7 ºC Hydrated +117ºC
45 ºF Salts 242ºF

+1 ºC Organic +167ºC
-46 ºC 0 ºC Solutions
Eutectic Salt 33 ºF 332 ºF
-51 ºF Based Solutions 32 ºF

+25 ºC Solid-Solid +180 ºC

-100 ºC Alcohol -22 ºC 77 ºF PCM Solution 356 ºF
-148 ºF Organic Range -7 ºF

Temperature Range
SOLID PLASTIC ENCAPSULATED PCM PRODUCTS
Balls

Flat Containers Tubes

Beams Tiles
FLEXIBLE ENCAPSULATED PCM PRODUCTS

POWDERS
Liquid

POUCHES

BOARDS
 METAL ENCAPSULATED PCM PRODUCTS

Cells

Metal
Forms
Static Beams

Tiles

Balls

Dynamic Beams
ORGANIC PCM VARIATIONS

Micro encapsulation
PCM APPLICATIONS

1)Passive Cooling
2)Solar Application
3)Air Conditioning
4)Heat Pump Applications
5)Special Applications
 Warm Air
Ceiling Void Absorbed by
Cooler Ceiling
Tiles

Solar Gains Warm

Room Cooler
Cool Air Air
Rises Falls
Outside
Air

PlusICE Cells PlusICE Cells

Cooler Warm Cooler

Room Air
Air
Air
Falls Rises
Falls

DISCHARGE PERIOD CHARGE PERIOD

2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003
 Nottingham University Office Building, UK
ceiling

propellor
DAY fan
heat pipe/PCM
unit

NIGHT

Heat Pipe

2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003

 A TYPICAL PASSIVE COOLING
ELECTRONIC CHAMBER
APPLICATION

ROOM (+45 ºC)

MAX

DAY (+45 ºC) PCM (+32 ºC) DAY (+27 ºC)

2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003
 PCM PASSIVE COOLING
UK SCHOOL APPLICATIONS
LECTURE
THEATRE CLASSROOM
PCM PASSIVE COOLING PCM PASSIVE COOLING
OFFICE APPLICATIONS COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

+22 ºC
PCM Tube
Bundle

LONDON, UK LONDON, UK
+46ºC

+27ºC
PCM APPLICATIONS

1)Passive Cooling
2)Solar Application
3)Air Conditioning
4)Heat Pump Applications
5)Special Applications
 Commonwealth Games
Olympic Village
Solar Heating (Australia)
 UNDERFLOOR SOLAR PCM ENERGY STORAGE (UK)

HDPE tubes
Filled with +27 ºC
PCM solution

Underfloor Heating
 100 m3 Tank filled
with 16,750 FlatICE
using S15 (+15C) PCM
solutions providing 5
MWh thermal energy
storage
PCM APPLICATIONS

1)Passive Cooling
2)Solar Application
3)Air Conditioning
4)Heat Pump Applications
5)Special Applications
 TES
LOAD CHARGING

SHIFTING

DISCHARGING
CIVIC CENTER

65m3 Tank housing 12,500

FlatICE filled with +10C PCM
solution providing 3MWh TES
 University of Bergen, Høgskolen i Bergen
Energy Centre PCM Storage, NORWAY
27 ºC / 32 ºC
81 ºF / 90 ºF
Heat Recovery
Circuit
4 Nos, 60m3 each filled with
+10ºC (50ºF) PCM
Energy Storage Tanks
12,000 kWh (3,000 Ton-hr)

PCM +10ºC PCM +10ºC 7 ºC / 11 ºC

45 ºF / 52 ºF
2ºC Chilled
4.5ºC Water
PCM +10ºC PCM +10ºC Circuit
11ºC 1,155 kW
2ºC 7ºC (328 RT)
4.5ºC FlatICE
TES Tanks Elements

2 ºC / 4.5 ºC
36 ºF / 40 ºF
Distributed Cooling
400 kW (114 RT)
 Zero Energy Office
(ZEO) Building
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
 CHINA SHIPPING BUILDING, Felixstowe, UK
1,200 kWh
6,000 FlatICE
+13C PCM

16~20ºC

14~17ºC

12ºC Chilled Ceiling

Pump

Primary
Pump 12ºC

Secondary
5ºC
5ºC Pump

120 kW
Chiller
Capacity
+15C PCM Balls
2.7 MWH
PCM APPLICATIONS

1)Passive Cooling
2)Solar Application
3)Air Conditioning
4)Heat Pump Applications
5)Special Applications
 +13C
1,500 kWh

VENTILCONVETTORI

TRAVI FREDDE
(Ricuperatore)
+46C
2,000

UTA
kWh
Heat Heat
Pump Pump
No: 1 No : 2

BUFFER
VESSEL

GROUND HEAT
SOURCE PUMPS
 HEATING

+45ºC
150
FlatICE
Containers
kWh
Building Load COOLING
GROUND
Solar SOURCE +8ºC
System 150
kWh
Hot Chilled
Water Water
Circuit
Tank

FlatICE
Heat Containers
Pump
 Dry Cooler

Building Heat
Solar Load
System Pump

Hot Chilled
Water Water
Tank Circuit

+45C +8C
150 kW 150 kW
Pumps
Tanks
Water Source Heat Pump System

HEAT REJECTION
EXTERNAL HEAT
PUMP
HEAT PUMP
COOLING MODE

MAIN WATER LOOP

20 C ~ 25C
13 C
COLD AIR
HEAT PUMP
HEATING MODE 30 C
WARM AIR
+22C PCM
BUFFER TANK
PCM APPLICATIONS

1)Passive Cooling
2)Solar Application
3)Air Conditioning
4)Heat Pump Applications
5)Special Applications
 NATIONAL THEATRE, LONDON
CHP ENERGY STORAGE INSTALLATION
6 ºC / 12 ºC
Cooling 44 ºF / 54 ºF
Tower ELECTRIC Chilled
USAGE Water Circuit
400 kWe @ 620 kVA
Electric 2,018 kWh (573 RT)
Chiller
400 kWe
CHP

PCM +8ºC (47ºF) PCM +8ºC (47ºF)

70 ºC / 90ºC
158ºF/194 ºF PCM +8ºC (47ºF) PCM +8ºC (47ºF)
Heating PCM +8ºC (47ºF) PCM +8ºC (47ºF)
Circuit Absorption
Chiller PCM +8ºC (47ºF) PCM +8ºC (47ºF) PCM
366 kW (104 RT) Containers

8 Nos, each filled with

+8ºC (47ºF) PCM
Energy Storage Tanks
2,000 kW (568 Ton-hr)
Tank Tanks
 CONCLUSION
1)Aim for any FREE energy.

2)WASTE not.

3)Diversify energy usage / sources.

4)Consider alternative / emerging technologies.

5)First Cost Vs Life Cycle Cost.

6) Right technology for the application.