TABLE OF CONTENTS

USTER CLASSIMAT: ................................................................................................................ 2

HISTORY: ............................................................................................................................... 2
SCOPE OF CLASSIMAT: ........................................................................................................... 3
SAMPLING: ............................................................................................................................ 4
TESTING CONDITIONS: ........................................................................................................... 4
TROUBLESHOOTING: ............................................................................................................. 5
Short Thick Places: ............................................................................................................. 5
Long Thick Places: .............................................................................................................. 5
Long Thin Places:................................................................................................................ 6
Fault Groups: ..................................................................................................................... 6
Fault Type: ......................................................................................................................... 6
Reasons Chart: ................................................................................................................... 6
SUMMARY: ........................................................................................................................... 7
USTER CLASSIMAT:

The appearance of a fault in the finished product, i.e. a woven or knitted fabric, is
largely determined by its size. A yarn fault classification according to cross-section and length
is therefore the basis for the assessment of yarn faults. USTER classimat is used for the
detection and classification of faults in the yarn. We can also cut the yarn faults, but this is not
done for production point of view.

HISTORY:

The USTER CLASSIMAT 1 consisted of an analog computer and was sold in 1968 for the
first time. The installation soon became the standard for the textile industry. Large knitters and
weavers introduced the CLASSIMAT values to the yarn suppliers with the intention to specify
the classes in which they would no longer accept faults. Many spinning mills used the
CLASSIMAT for setting the clearing curve and for checking the clearing with spot checks on the
cleared yarn. The USTER CLASSIMAT 1 was capable of counting faults in 16 thick place classes.

Thick places were registered when the mass increase with respect to the yarn mean
value reached 100%. For textile specialists who had been using the USTER

CLASSIMAT for yarn analyses, the USTER CLASSIMAT GRADES were introduced already in
1969. These images of yarn faults were representative of the 16 fault classes. On the one hand,
these grades made it easier for spinners to decide which faults had to be eliminated. On the
other hand, they served as a common basis for agreements between spinners and
weavers/knitters.

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 The USTER CLASSIMAT 2 was a digital computer that was introduced to the market in
1978. The system was capable of classifying yarn faults in three additional thick place classes
and four thin place classes, because the generation of the USTER CLASSIMAT 1 could no longer
meet the customers’ requirements. The additional classes were called E, F, G, H1, H2, I1 and I2.
Furthermore, it was possible to print out the results of the USTER CLASSIMAT 2.

The USTER CLASSIMAT 3, finally, came on the market in 1994. It was the first testing unit
that was based on a standard personal computer. Again, the system was further extended to
meet the needs of ply yarn producers as well. This required the introduction of 4 additional
thick place classes between +75 and +100%, which were called A0, B0, C0 and D0. In addition,
another 6 thin place classes, TB1, TC1, TD1, TB2, TC2 and TD2, were introduced, because the
textile industry had become more and more sensitive to thin places.

USTER CLASSIMAT generations and their functions

SCOPE OF CLASSIMAT:

From a statistical point of view, it is difficult to determine the frequency of yarn faults by
testing random samples. Firstly, we are dealing with seldom-occurring events, which mean that
a large amount of testing material is required for a statistically reliable measurement result.
Secondly, yarn faults are not evenly distributed within a lot. If a yarn normally shows one
disturbing fault per bobbin, for example, there will always be individual bobbins with 10, 50 or
even more disturbing faults. This means that the faults are not normally distributed within a
yarn lot and that the rules for the calculation of the confidence limits based on the normal

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distribution are therefore not applicable. With the application of the central theorem of limits,
we can get around this difficulty, because the theorem says that the mean values of partial
groups of a population are normally distributed even if that population as a whole is not
normally distributed.

It is therefore advisable to divide the test sample of a classification into at least five
partial samples of the same size (e.g. 100 km of yarn). Each partial sample is tested separately.
The statistical evaluation is carried out automatically by the USTER CLASSIMAT QUANTUM.

SAMPLING:

It is advisable to combine the sampling for a yarn classification with another laboratory
test. With a large range of products, you can use partial bobbins of sorted yarns, which are
usually tested in the laboratory anyway, either periodically or after changes have been made at
the ring spinning machine. These partial bobbins and, depending on the size of a test, full
bobbins as well, are to be stored in an air-conditioned location and are tested if enough
material (100 km for each partial sample) is available. At least four partial samples of 100 km
each are required for a statistical evaluation with the USTER CLASSIMAT QUANTUM
 Frequency of tests: once a month
 Sample size: 400 to 600 km (4 to 6 partial samples)

Small orders, which often run for a relatively short time, require a different way of
sampling. Partial samples of 100 km of yarn are taken directly from a spinning machine and
then tested. A sample can consist of yarn from one machine or from several machines with the
same material. This sampling method is appropriate for yarn fault analyses as well. The sample
size has to be adjusted depending on the importance of a test or the available amount of
material.

If the USTER CLASSIMAT QUANTUM is operated online at an automatic winder, there is

a constant supply of material that usually ensures a proper sample size. To improve the
reliability of the evaluations, the size of partial samples can be increased up to 500 km.
However, it must be considered that a test has to be monitored whenever possible.

TESTING CONDITIONS:

The optimum ambient conditions are provided in a closed room with a standard
atmosphere, i.e. with a temperature of 20° ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 2%. The
standard atmosphere in tropical areas (ISO 139) is defined as a temperature of 27° ± 2°C and a
relative humidity of 65% ± 2%.

The classification system has to be protected from warm exhaust air and fast-moving air
currents, and the measuring heads have to be protected from dirt. The environment has to be
kept as clean as possible to prevent unnecessary faulty measurements.

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TROUBLESHOOTING:

Short Thick Places:

Long Thick Places:

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Long Thin Places:

Fault Groups:

Fault type Group

Unacceptable faults A4, B4, C4, D4, C3, D3, D2
Major faults A3, B3, C2, D1, E, F, G, H2, I1, I2
Minor faults A2, B2, A1, B1, C1, H1

Fault Type:
Fault type Group
Neps A3
A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1
Short thick place
C2, C3, C4, D1, D2, D3, D4
Long thick place F, G
Spinners double E
Thin place H1, H2
Long thin place I1, I2

Reasons Chart:

Fault Reasons
A4 Ring front zone dirty, Fly, Waste in trumpet
A3 Neps, Fluff, Foreign matter, Dirty drafting zone
A2 Bad condition of carding, Blow room, Trash in yarn
A1 Bad condition of carding, Blow room, Trash in yarn
B4 Slub from ring department
B3 Fluff in ring traveller, unsuitable traveller and bad piecing
B2 Fibre damage during process, spindle without aprons
B1 Fibre damage during process, spindle without aprons
C4 Floating fibres, Fly, Slub
C3 Ring piecing
C2 Bad piecing in cans, Sliver entanglement

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 C1 Bad piecing in cans, Sliver entanglement
D4 More fluff in ring department
D3 More fluff in ring department
D2 Simplex gauge problem, Spacer, Apron
D1 Floating fibres
E Double yarn
F Bad piecing in ring, simplex and back process
G Bad piecing in ring, simplex and back process
H1 Eccentric bobbins of simplex, ring, and eccentric spindles
H2 Poor handling of material
I1 Long thin places due to separation of sliver or roving prior
to spinning
I2 Long thin places due to separation of sliver or roving prior
to spinning

SUMMARY:

The USTER CLASSIMAT QUANTUM is a complex testing system that offers the customer
a multitude of applications and evaluation possibilities. It can be used for production
monitoring or as an analysis instrument for the clearer setting and for the preparation of supply
agreements or quality certificates.

USTER CLASSIMAT if used in a proper way can increase the quality of the product and
also the faulty process can be identified and even the fault producing part can be determined
which was not possible a few years ago.