Quiz on Database Management Systems and Visual Basic

1 Database: Database is collection of information or repository of data

2. DBMS: Database Management Systems are set of programs to manipulate the database
3 Components of DBMS: There are three components. They are:
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
3. Data Dictionary
4 Levels of Abstraction: There are three levels of abstraction. They are
1. Physical or Internal Level
2. Logical or Conceptual Level
3. View or External Level
5. Data models: It is a collection of tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and data
constraints.
6 EF Codd Rules: These are twelve rules defined by Dr. E.F.Codd that a database management system
(DBMS) must meet in order to be considered a relational database.
7. Physical Data Independence: Applications that access data in a relational database must be unaffected by
changes in the way the data is physically stored (i.e., the physical structure)
8 Logical Data Independence: The database schema or structure of tables and relationships (logical) can
change without having to re-create the database or the applications that use it.
9. E-R Model: E-R model is a model of real world that is widely used for database design. Database design
in E-R model usually converted to design in the relational model which is used for storage and processing.
10. Entities: Any object for which some information can be recorded is called an entity: E.g. customers,
accounts, bank branch.
11 Degree of a relationship: The degree of a relationship is the number of entities associated with the
relationship. The n-ary relationship is the general form for degree n. Special cases are the binary, and
ternary ,where the degree is 2, and 3, respectively.
12 One-to-One Relationship: A one-to-one (1:1) relationship is when at most one instance of a entity A is
associated with one instance of entity B.
13 One-to-Many Relationship: A one-to-many (1:N) relationships is when for one instance of entity A,
there are zero, one, or many instances of entity B, but for one instance of entity B, there is only one
instance of entity A.
14. Many-to-Many Relationship: A many-to-many (M:N) relationship, sometimes called non-specific, is
when for one instance of entity A, there are zero, one, or many instances of entity B and for one instance
of entity B there are zero, one, or many instances of entity A.
15 Integrity Constraint: Integrity constraint refers to the term for consistency, accuracy, and correctness of
data stored in a database
16. Entity integrity: It ensures that each row in the table is uniquely identified
17 Referential integrity: It is concerned with keeping the relationships between tables synchronized
18 User-defined integrity: It refers to specific business rules not covered by the other integrity categories.
19. Unique Key: An attribute that contains unique values in all the rows is called as Unique key
20. Not Null: If an attribute is defined to be not null then that attribute will not have null as a value.
21 Primary key: An attribute that uniquely identifies a row is called the primary key. The key should unique
as well as not null.
22 Composite Primary key: Multiple attributes constituting a primary key is called as composite primary
key.
23 Foreign Key: A referential integrity constraint that refer to the primary key of a relation is called a foreign
key constraint
24. Normalization: It is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the
normalization process: eliminate redundant data and ensure data dependencies make sense. Normalization
of a database is obtained by converting the tables into different normal forms numbered as 1NF, 2NF,
3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF.
25. First normal form (1NF): A database is said to be in First Normal Form or 1NF if all domains are
 simple.
26. Second normal form (2NF): A database is said to be in second normal form if and only if it is in 1NF and
all non key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key
27 Third normal form (3NF): A database is said to be in 3NF if and only if it is in 2NF and all non primary
key attributes are non transitively dependent on the primary key.
28 SQL: Structured Query Language, a query language, is the primary language - the de facto standard - for
communicating with a relational database management system (RDBMS).
29 Create Statement: This statement is used to create a table in a database. While creating a table, the
information regarding the different fields of the table, their data types along with their widths and
constraints had to be specified.
30 Numeric data type: A data type in SQL for fixed point number, with user-specified precision of p digits,
with n digits to the right of decimal point.
31 Char data type: A data type in SQL for fixed length character string, with user-specified length n.
32 Varchar data type: A data type in SQL for variable length character strings, with user-specified
maximum length.
33 Varchar2 data type: A data type in SQL for variable length character strings, with user-specified
maximum length but with maximum allowable width as 200.
34 Date data type: A data type in SQL for date value in the following format ‘dd-mon-yy’
35 Drop Statement: This statement is used to delete a table from the database.
36 Insert Statement: The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new rows into a table.
37 Select Statement: The SELECT statement is used to select data from a table. The tabular result is stored
in a result table (called the result-set).
38 SELECT DISTINCT Statement: The DISTINCT keyword with select statement is used to return only
distinct (different) values.
39 Where Clause: To conditionally select data from a table, a WHERE clause can be added to the SELECT
statement.
40 The LIKE Condition: The LIKE condition is used to specify a search for a pattern in a column.
41 Initcap(): A String function that returns a string with the first letter of each word in uppercase
42 Length(): A String function that returns the length of the string
43 Lower(): A String function that returns the string with all characters in lower case
44. Upper(): A String function that returns the string with all characters in upper case
45 Join Statement: This statement is used to select data from two or more tables. The two tables must have a
common field to join them.
46 Union operator: It is a set operator that compiles all distinct rows that are returned by the two queries into
a result set.
47 Intersect operator: It is a set operator that returns the rows that matches in both the queries.
48 Minus operator: It is a set operator that returns the rows that don’t match in both the queries.
49 Order By Clause: The ORDER BY Clause used to sort the result of a query.
50 Break On Statement: The BREAK ON command breaks returned rows of data from an SQL statement
into one or more groups.
51 The DUAL Table: The DUAL table is a dummy table that exists in every Oracle database. This table is
composed of one column called DUMMY whose only row of data is the value X. The DUAL table is
available to all database users and can be used for general purposes, such as performing arithmetic or
manipulating the format of the SYSDATE.
52 Alter Table Statement: The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add or modify columns in an existing
table.
53 Delete Statement: The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.
54 Update Statement: he UPDATE statement is used to modify the data in a table.
55 Visual Basic: Visual Basic is a visual development tool developed by Microsoft Inc. to develop
applications that support windows programming. There had been many versions of Visual Basic but the
latest version is Visual Basic 6.0.
56 Toolbox: Provides a set of tools that one can use at design time to place controls on a form.
57 Project Explorer: Lists the forms, modules and other components of the current project.
58 Properties Window: Lists the property settings for the selected form or control. A Property is a
characteristic of an object, such as size, caption, or color.
59 Form Designer: Serves as a window that you customize to design the interface of the application. One
can add controls, graphics, and pictures to a form to create the look one want. Each form in your
application has its own form designer window.
60 Code Window: Serves as an editor for entering application code. A separate code editor window is
created for each form or code module in your application. Code window contains two dropdown list
boxes, One for the list of objects in the form and another for available events of the selected object.
61 Form Layout Window: The Form Layout window allows you to position the forms in your application
using a small graphical representation of the screen.
62 Text box: It is used to take input from user. User can key in the data into a text box with all editing
facilities
63 Label: It is used to display a static text on the form, such as title.
64 Command button: It is used to invoke an action when user clicks on it.
65 Checkbox: It is used to deal with toggle options, which have only two possible states – true/ false, or
yes/no. Checkbox can be in either of the two states – checked or unchecked. When checkbox is checked,
a tick mark appears in the rectangle. When it is unchecked, the rectangle will be empty.
66 Options button: It are used to allow user to select one from a set of mutually exclusive options. You can
have more than one set of option button but in that case each set of option button should be placed inside a
separate Frame control.
67 Msgbox Statement: It is used to display a message in a window to user. It displays a window with the
message and Ok button. Until user selects Ok button the message box doesn’t allow user to navigate to
any other window in the same application. You must click on Ok button to continue with the program.
68 Msgbox Function: It is similar to the Msgbox Statement but here we can specify the buttons that has to
appear on the msgbox. The response to the message is returned which can be caught in a variable.
69 Option Explicit statement: This statement when given in General /Declarations section of a module
makes variable declaration mandatory. So you must declare every variable that you use otherwise it will
result in a syntax error.
70 List box: List box is used to allow user to select one or more of the given list of items.
71 Combo box: It provides the features of a List box, selecting an item from the list of items, and a textbox,
where user can enter a new value if the value is not existing in the supplied list.
72 Image: It is used to display an image that is in any of the graphics formats supported by it.
73 Timer: Unlike other standard controls, Timer control is not used to build user interface. Timer control is
always invisible at runtime. Timer control is used to generate Timer event at regular interval. It is very
useful control if you ever have to perform certain operation at regular interval such as for every second or
every minute etc.
74 Interval Property: It is a property of timer control that contains interval in milliseconds. Timer control
generates TIMER event after the given number of milliseconds elapsed.
75 Menu: It is a collection of options. Whenever user clicks on a menu, all its options are displayed so that
user can select an option. Each option in the menu initiates an action.
76 InputBox Function: It is used to accept a value from user. It contains two command buttons, Ok and
Cancel. The prompt and a textbox where you enter the value. It is one of the predefined dialog boxes in
Visual Basic.
77 Active X: It is a new technology that allows one to create components based on COM specifications.
78 COM: Component Object Model is a software architecture and specifies the standards if which follow, one can
create objects that can be used in any application.
79 Keyboard Events: There are three keyboard events. They are:
1. KeyUp Event
2. KeyDown Event
3. KeyPress Event
80 Mouse Events: There are five keyboard events. They are:
1. Click Event
2. DblClick Event
3. MouseUp Event
 4. MouseDown Event
5. MouseMove Event
81 Common Dialog Boxes: The common dialog boxes in VB are: open, save, font, color, print and help.
82 DAO (Data Access Object): This is an object model that has a collection of objects using which you can
access a database.
83 RDO (Remote Data Object): These objects are only used to access ODBC data sources such as Oracle.
These objects access databases that are on remote machine (database server).
84 ADO (Active X Data Object): It is based on ActiveX technology. This object model has very few objects
and it is based on OLE DB interface.
85 ODBC (Open Database Connectivity): It is an interface through which you can access data in
heterogeneous environments.
86 DSN: Data source name is a name that identifies the following:
1. The name of the database to be used
2. The type of the database and the ODBC driver to be used to access the database
87 OLEDB: It is an entirely new method to connect to databases. It was designed to allow access to data of
various formats. That means the data need not be in the form of a relation database and accessed using
SQL.
88 ConnectionString: It is a property that specifies the OLEDB provider to be used and the data source to be
accessed.
89 Command Object: A Command object is a definition of a specific command that you intend to execute
against a data source.
90 Recordset object: A Recordset object represents a set of records taken from the given base table or
retrieved from the database using the given query.
91 AddNew: It is a method to add a new record to recordset.
92 BOF: A property that returns true if record pointer reaches beginning of the recordset. The position
before the first record is called as beginning of the recordset .
93 EOF: A property that returns true if record pointer reaches end of recordset. End of recordset mark is the
position that is after the last record of the recordset .
94 MoveFirst: Moves the record pointer in the recordset to the first record.
95 MoveLast: Moves the record pointer in the recordset to the last record.
96 MoveNext: Moves the record pointer in the recordset to the next record.
97 MovePrevious: Moves the record pointer in the recordset to the previous record.
98 Jet Engine: It is the database engine that accesses the data. It is a collection of programs that work
together.
99 Steps in creating VB application: VB application is created in three steps. They are:
1. Create User Interface
2. Change Properties
3. Write Code
100 Val(): This is a function to convert a string into a numeric type.