Unidad

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En esta unidad aprenderemos a:

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 3 &TUSÏT
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1. La relación entre el estrés y la ansiedad

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Vocabulario &M
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demanda ambiental
FT
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EF
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Importante
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FO
FM
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EF
MB
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Agentes
estresores Reacción
(laborales, emocional
sociales)

Estrés Ansiedad
Reacción emocional
Claves y consejos Fig. 3.1. Individuo, estrés y ansiedad.

-B
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VO
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FT
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Actividades
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52
 &TUSÏT
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2. El concepto de estrés

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demandas de las situaciones ambientales,
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persona
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respuestas
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EFM
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BNCJFOUBMFT 3FTQVFTUB
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Fig. 3.2. Estrés e individuo.

-BT
causas
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Fig. 3.4. Problemas cotidianos como
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TFS
OFDFTBSJBNFOUF
QFMJHSPTBT
&KFNQMPT
EF
FMMP
TPO
MPT
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el volumen de trabajo o los atascos de
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MPT
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OVFTUSB
DBTB tráfico pueden generar grandes dosis
de estrés.
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Fig. 3.3. Adaptación del individuo al estrés.

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Importante
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Fase de
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alarma
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adaptación
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53
 3 &TUSÏT
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2.1. Los agentes estresantes

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Vocabulario Ámbito Agentes estresantes

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t

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t

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TPMP
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t

-BT
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t

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Importante WJEVP
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EF
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t

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Tabla 3.2. Los agentes estresantes en diferentes ámbitos.

54
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
Caso práctico 1 Importante

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EF

B×PT
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VOB
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Z

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laboral
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2. &TDSJCF
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.BMBTI
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HSBEP
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burnout
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EF
MB
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EF
bur-
Fig. 3.5. nout

55
 3 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE

2.2. Las respuestas del individuo al estrés

Importante -BT
EJGFSFOUFT
SFTQVFTUBT
RVF
QVFEF
UFOFS
FM
JOEJWJEVP
BOUF
FM
FTUSÏT
TF
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FO
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DBNQPT
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FTUSÏT
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respuestas psicológicas
BM
FTUSÏT
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GBDUPSFT
emocional, cognitivo
Z
EF

EP
DPO
GBDUPSFT
FNPDJPOBMFT
comportamiento,
RVF
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EF
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MB
BOTJFEBE
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MB

QVFEFO
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TV
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EFQFOEJFOEP
EF
MBT
DJSDVOTUBO-
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JOEJWJEVP Con un componente
Emocionales Cognitivas
de comportamiento
t

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EF
MB
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t

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Ten en cuenta P
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t

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t

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t

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t

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t

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Tabla 3.3. Respuestas psicológicas al estrés.

&O
MBT
respuestas biológicas
MPT
NFDBOJTNPT
GJTJPMØHJDPT
EFM
PSHBOJTNP
TF
QPOFO
FO
NBS-
DIB
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JOUFOUBO
TJODSPOJ[BSTF
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FMMPT
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MB
BHSFTJØO
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FM

TJTUFNB
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DFOUSBM
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FM
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FM
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MBT
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Actividades Caso práctico 2

5. 4F×BMB
DPO
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TF
"
NFEJEB
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MPT
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$BSPMJOB
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EF

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TV
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t
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t

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t
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EF

t
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t
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Solución:
t
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-B
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EFM
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B
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t
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TV
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t
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QBSB
EPSNJS


56
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
3. El estrés como enfermedad
Importante
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de la vida
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Aumento del sentimiento

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de autoestima

Caso práctico 3

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EF

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TPCSFQFTP
WJBKB
DBEB
EPT
NFTFT
B
.ÏYJDP
Z
IBDF
VO
NFT
QBEF-
DJØ
VO
JOGBSUP
EF
NJPDBSEJP
EFM
RVF
TF
IB
SFDVQFSBEP
FTUB
WF[

&M
SJUNP
EF
WJEB
EF
&OSJRVF
FT
BDFMFSBEP
Z
FTUSFTBOUF
QFSP
FM
BDPOUFDJNJFOUP
JOFT-
QFSBEP
EFM
JOGBSUP
EF
NJPDBSEJP
MF
IB
IFDIP
SFQMBOUFBSTF
TJ
WBMF
MB
QFOB
TFHVJS

WJWJFOEP
BTÓ
"M
QPDP
UJFNQP
MF
EJFSPO
FM
BMUB
NÏEJDB
&O
FM
DBTP
EF
&OSJRVF
FM
JOGBSUP
EF
NJPDBSEJP
TVGSJEP
DPNP
DPOTFDVFODJB
EF
TV

WJEB
MBCPSBM
{IB
UFOJEP
VO
FGFDUP
QPTJUJWP
P
OFHBUJWP
{$VÈM
TFSÓB
FTUF
3FTQFDUP
BM
DBTP
EF
$BSPMJOB
{TV
TJUVBDJØO
EF
FTUSÏT
UJFOF
FO
FMMB
VO
FGFDUP
QPTJUJWP

P
OFHBUJWP
{$VÈM
TFSÓB
FTUF
Ten en cuenta

Solución: &M
FTUSÏT
QVFEF
QSPWPDBS
DBN-

CJPT
RVÓNJDPT
FO
FM
DVFSQP

-B
TJUVBDJØO
WJWJEB
QPS
&OSJRVF
MF
IB
SFQFSDVUJEP
QPTJUJWBNFOUF
ZB
RVF
IBDFS
GSFOUF
"DUJWB
MB
TFDSFDJØO
EF
IPSNPOBT

B
MB
TJUVBDJØO
Z
BEBQUBSTF
B
FMMB
MF
QPTJCJMJUBSÈO
DPOUJOVBS
DPO
TV
WJEB
FTUF
FGFDUP
DBUFDPMBNJOBT
Z
BESFOBMJOB

FM

QPTJUJWP
TF
PCTFSWBSÈ
FO
TV
OVFWB
DPOEVDUB
BM
QSJPSJ[BS
MPT
PCKFUJWPT
EF
TV
WJEB
Z
DPSB[ØO
MBUF
NÈT
SÈQJEP
MB
QSF-
DBNCJBS
TVT
DPTUVNCSFT
MBCPSBMFT
NPUJWP
QSJODJQBM
EF
TV
JOGBSUP

USBCBKBSÈ
NFOPT
TJØO
TVCF
FUD
IPSBT
EFKBSÈ
EF
GVNBS
EF
CFCFS
DPNFSÈ
FO
DBTB
MPT
GJOFT
EF
TFNBOB
OP
USBCB- 4J
MB
TJUVBDJØO
QFSTJTUF
QVFEF

KBSÈ
Z
IBSÈ
BMHP
EF
EFQPSUF
TPCSF
UPEP
DBNJOBS
TFHVJSÈ
VOB
EJFUB
WJBKBSÈ
QPS
TFS
OPDJWB
QBSB
MB
TBMVE
DPNP

NPUJWP
EF
USBCBKP
EPT
WFDFT
BM
B×P
Z
TF
UPNBSÈ
MB
WJEB
DPO
NÈT
USBORVJMJEBE FM
FYDFTP
EF
ÈDJEP
FTUPNBDBM

RVF
EFSJWB
FO
VOB
ÞMDFSB
DPO-
&O
FM
DBTP
EF
$BSPMJOB
TV
DBQBDJEBE
BEBQUBUJWB
FT
OFHBUJWB
TV
TJUVBDJØO
EF
FTUSÏT
USBFS
BSUFSJBT
EB×BEBT
EBOEP

FT
JOUFOTB
Z
EFTCPSEB
TV
DBQBDJEBE
EF
DPOUSPM
MP
RVF
QVFEF
JOGMVJS
FO
MB
BQBSJ- MVHBS
B
VO
JOGBSUP
QSPWPDBS
VOB

DJØO
EF
MB
FOGFSNFEBE
ZB
RVF
EFTEF
FM
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
CJPMØHJDP
UJFOF
UBRVJDBSEJB
QÏSEJEB
P
BVNFOUP
EF
BQFUJUP

GBUJHB
IJQFSUFOTJØO
GBMUB
EF
BQFUJUP
FUD
:
EFTEF
FM
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
QTJDPMØHJDP
TVGSF
RVF
EÏ
MVHBS
B
VO
BVNFOUP
P
EJT-
VOB
SFBDDJØO
EF
BOTJFEBE
Z
BOHVTUJB NJOVDJØO
EF
QFTP
FO
MB
QFSTPOB

57
 3 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE

4. Las consecuencias del estrés

Vocabulario -BT
IPSNPOBT
EFM
FTUSÏT
TPO
perjudiciales
QBSB
FM
DFSFCSP
QVFT
MPT
OJWFMFT
FMFWBEPT
EF

DPSUJTPM
QVFEFO
DBVTBS
EB×PT
FO
FM
IJQPDBNQP
RVF
EFTFNQF×B
VO
QBQFM
EFDJTJWP
FO
MB

&M
hipocampo
FT
VO
ÈSFB
SFMB- NFNPSJB
TPCSF
UPEP
MB
RVF
BGFDUB
BM
SFDVFSEP
EF
BDUJWJEBEFT
SFDJFOUFT
DJPOBEB
DPO
MB
DPSUF[B
DFSFCSBM
/P
PCTUBOUF
FO
DPOEJDJPOFT
BQSPQJBEBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
EF
FNFSHFODJB

MPT
DBNCJPT
QSP-
RVF
TF
VCJDB
FO
FM
JOUFSJPS
EFM
WPDBEPT
QPS
FM
FTUSÏT
TPO
DPOWFOJFOUFT
QVFT
OPT
QSFQBSBO
EF
NBOFSB
BEFDVBEB
QBSB

MØCVMP
UFNQPSBM
SFTQPOEFS
PQPSUVOBNFOUF
Z
QPOFS
OVFTUSB
WJEB
B
TBMWP

&O
FM
TFS
IVNBOP
TF
BTPDJB
DPO

MB
NFNPSJB
SFDJFOUF
Z
MB
NFNP- 1FSP
MBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
EFM
FTUSÏT
OP
BGFDUBO
TPMP
BM
JOEJWJEVP
RVF
MP
QBEFDF
DPNP
IF-
SJB
FTQBDJBM NPT
WJTUP
TJOP
RVF
UBNCJÏO
BMDBO[BO
B
MBT
personas que le rodean,
GBNJMJB
DPNQB×FSPT

EF
USBCBKP
BNJHPT
Z
B
MPT
ÈNCJUPT
FO
RVF
TF
EFTFOWVFMWF
1PS
UBOUP
WBNPT
B
IBDFS
VOB
EJGFSFODJBDJØO
SFTQFDUP
B
MBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
EFM
FTUSÏT

FOUSF
MPT
DVBUSP
FOUPSOPT
CÈTJDPT
RVF
IFNPT
DPOTJEFSBEP
B
MP
MBSHP
EF
MB
VOJEBE

Ámbito Consecuencias del estrés

t
"MUFSBDJPOFT
HFOFSBMFT
FO
MB
EJOÈNJDB
GBNJMJBS
t
.BMBT
SFMBDJPOFT
DPO
PUSPT
GBNJMJBSFT
t

"MUFSBDJPOFT
FO
MB
SFMBDJØO
DPO
MPT
IJKPT
RVF
QVFEF
SFQFSDVUJS
FO
TV
EFTBSSPMMP
BGFD-
Familiar UJWP
Z
TPDJBM
t

"MUFSBDJPOFT
FO
MB
SFMBDJØO
EF
QBSFKB
RVF
QVFEFO
MMFHBS
B
PDBTJPOBS
JODMVTP
MB

SVQUVSB
EF
MB
NJTNB
t
5SBTUPSOPT
FO
MB
FDPOPNÓB
GBNJMJBS

t
.BM
IVNPS
Z
EFTDPOUFOUP
t
#BKB
MBCPSBM
QPS
FOGFSNFEBE
QSPMPOHBEB
NÈT
EF
MP
OFDFTBSJP
t

%FUFSJPSP
EF
MBT
SFMBDJPOFT
DPO
MPT
KFGFT
Z
DPNQB×FSPT
QPS
EJTDVTJPOFT
NBMPT

NPEPT
NFOPT
QBDJFODJB
FUD
Laboral
t
*ODVNQMJNJFOUP
EFM
IPSBSJP
MBCPSBM
TBMJS
BOUFT
EFM
USBCBKP
MMFHBS
UBSEF

t
%JTNJOVDJØO
EFM
SFOEJNJFOUP
FO
FM
USBCBKP
t
.BZPS
SJFTHP
EF
BDDJEFOUF
MBCPSBM
t
"HPCJBS
B
MPT
DPNQB×FSPT
DPO
QSPCMFNBT
QFSTPOBMFT

t
1ÏSEJEB
EF
JOUFSÏT
FO
MB
DPMBCPSBDJØO
DJVEBEBOB
Z
BDUPT
TPDJBMFT
t

"MFKBNJFOUP
EF
MPT
BNJHPT
DPNQB×FSPT
FUD
QPS
FM
BJTMBNJFOUP
QFSTPOBM
t

"VNFOUP
DPOTJEFSBCMF
EF
BDDJEFOUFT
EF
USÈmDP
EFCJEP
B
MPT
DBNCJPT
EF
DPNQPSUB-
Social NJFOUP
QPS
BVNFOUP
EF
DPOTVNP
EF
BMDPIPM
CBSCJUÞSJDPT
FUD
P
CJFO
QPS
BMUFSBDJP-
OFT
FO
FM
ÈNCJUP
FNPDJPOBM
t

4PCSFDBSHB
FO
MPT
TFSWJDJPT
EF
BUFODJØO
QSJNBSJB
Z
VSHFODJBT
QPS
MPT
TÓOUPNBT
RVF

QSPEVDF
MB
TJUVBDJØO
EF
FTUSÏT
Z
QPS
MPT
HBTUPT
FDPOØNJDPT
TBOJUBSJPT
RVF
HFOFSB
VO

EJBHOØTUJDP
DFSUFSP

Ten en cuenta t
"MUFSBDJPOFT
QTJDPMØHJDBT
Z
PSHÈOJDBT

t
"VNFOUP
FO
FM
SJFTHP
EF
BDDJEFOUFT
MBCPSBMFT
&M
FTUSÏT
FO
FM
ÈNCJUP
QFSTPOBM

QVFEF
BGFDUBS
BM
JOEJWJEVP
OP
t
1FMJHSP
EF
BVUPNFEJDBDJØO
TPMP
DPO
BMUFSBDJPOFT
GÓTJDBT
Z
t

"VNFOUP
FO
FM
DPOTVNP
EF
GÈSNBDPT
DPNP
BOBMHÏTJDPT
IJQOØUJDPT
QBSB
EPSNJS

QTJDPMØHJDBT
TJOP
RVF
UBNCJÏO
Personal QBSB
QBMJBS
MPT
TÓOUPNBT
EFSJWBEPT
EFM
FTUSÏT
QVFEF
QSPWPDBS
BMUFSBDJPOFT
EF
SJWBEBT
EF
MPT
DBNCJPT
FO
FM
t

"MUFSBDJPOFT
QPS
DBNCJPT
FO
FM
DPNQPSUBNJFOUP
DPNQPSUBNJFOUP
EFM
JOEJWJEVP

o
&O
MB
BMJNFOUBDJØO
PCFTJEBE
P
BOPSFYJB


DPNP
BVNFOUP
EFM
DPOTVNP
EF

o
"VNFOUP
EFM
DPOTVNP
EF
BMDPIPM
BMUFSBDJPOFT
IFQÈUJDBT
Z
EF
DPOEVDUB

BMDPIPM
DPOTVNP
EF
GÈSNBDPT

o
"VNFOUP
EFM
DPOTVNP
EF
UBCBDP
USBTUPSOPT
QVMNPOBSFT

UBCBDP
FUD
Tabla 3.4. Consecuencias del estrés en diferentes ámbitos.

58
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
1PESÓBNPT
FTRVFNBUJ[BS
MPT
QSPDFTPT
SFMBDJPOBEPT
DPO
FM
FTUSÏT
EF
MB
TJHVJFOUF
NBOFSB

%JGFSFODJBT
3FTQVFTUB
QTJDPMØHJDB
JOEJWJEVBMFT

3FTQVFTUB
CJPMØHJDB
«NCJUP
GBNJMJBS
"HFOUFT
«NCJUP
MBCPSBM
Individuo
FTUSFTBOUFT «NCJUP
TPDJBM
«NCJUP
QFSTPOBM
'BNJMJBSFT
4PDJBMFT
$POTFDVFODJBT
1FSTPOBMFT
1SPUFDDJØO

Fig. 3.6. Proceso del estrés.

Caso práctico 4

$BSPMJOB
TJHVF
UPNBOEP
GÈSNBDPT
QBSB
EPSNJS
$PNP
BQFOBT
DPNF
Z
OP
QBSB
EF

GVNBS
IB
QFSEJEP
DJODP
LJMPT

$BEB
WF[
RVF
MPT
OJ×PT
TF
BDFSDBO
B
FMMB
MFT
DIJMMB
Z
SJ×F
4V
SFMBDJØO
DPO
FMMPT

FNQJF[B
B
TFS
UFOTB

&O
DVBOUP
BM
USBCBKP
IB
MMFHBEP
UBSEF
WBSJBT
WFDFT
&M
KFGF
QSFPDVQBEP
MF
IB

QSFHVOUBEP
TJ
OFDFTJUB
BZVEB
Z
MF
IB
DPNFOUBEP
RVF
TJ
OP
QVFEF
DPO
MB
SFTQPO-
TBCJMJEBE
Z
FM
SJUNP
EF
USBCBKP
QPESÓBO
CVTDBS
PUSP
QVFTUP
NÈT
BQSPQJBEP
QBSB

TV
TJUVBDJØO
1FSP
$BSPMJOB
OP
RVJFSF
PÓS
IBCMBS
EF
FTP
ZB
RVF
OFDFTJUB
NÈT
RVF

OVODB
MPT
JOHSFTPT
RVF
MF
PGSFDF
FTUF
OVFWP
QVFTUP
Z
BEFNÈT
IB
MVDIBEP
NVDIP

QBSB
MMFHBS
EPOEF
FTUÈ
"QFOBT
TBMF
DPO
TVT
BNJHPT
QPSRVF
MMFHB
BHPUBEB
B
DBTB
BVORVF
MVFHP
OP

QVFEF
EPSNJS
"ZFS
DVBOEP
SFHSFTBCB
B
DBTB
QSFPDVQBEB
QPS
FM
BHPCJP
RVF

UFOÓB
Z
QPS
RVF
OP
WFSÓB
B
MPT
OJ×PT
RVF
ZB
FTUBSÓBO
BDPTUBEPT
DBTJ
BUSPQFMMB
B
VO

BODJBOP
RVF
DSV[BCB
MB
DBMMF
QPS
VO
TJUJP
JOBEFDVBEP
$BSPMJOB
OJ
MP
IBCÓB
WJTUP

'SFOØ
FO
TFDP
Z
TF
QVTP
B
MMPSBS

"
MB
NB×BOB
TJHVJFOUF
QJEJØ
QFSNJTP
FO
FM
USBCBKP
Z
TF
GVF
BM
NÏEJDP
{&O
RVJÏO
SFQFSDVUF
UPEP
MP
RVF
MF
FTUÈ
QBTBOEP
B
$BSPMJOB

Solución:
-P
RVF
MF
FTUÈ
PDVSSJFOEP
SFQFSDVUF
FO
QSJNFS
MVHBS
FO
FMMB
NJTNB
TV
TBMVE
TF
FTUÈ

EFUFSJPSBOEP
TF
BVUPNFEJDB
QBSB
EPSNJS
OP
DPNF
GVNB
NVDIP

:
SFQFSDVUF
UBNCJÏO
FO
MBT
QFSTPOBT
EF
TV
FOUPSOP
t
&O
FM
ÈNCJUP
GBNJMJBS
NBMB
SFMBDJØO
DPO
TVT
IJKPT
OP
UJFOF
QBDJFODJB
EJTDVUF
t
&O
FM
ÈNCJUP
MBCPSBM
MMFHB
UBSEF
PMWJEB
DPTBT
EJTDVUF
DPO
MPT
DPNQB×FSPT Fig. 3.7. Las repercusiones del estrés
pueden extenderse más allá del ámbito
t
&O
FM
ÈNCJUP
TPDJBM
OP
TF
SFMBDJPOB
DPO
BNJHPT
Z
IB
UFOJEP
FM
SJFTHP
EF
VO
particular en el que se origina la
BDDJEFOUF situación de carácter estresante.

Actividades

6. *OWFOUB
VOB
IJTUPSJB
FO
RVF
MB
FOGFSNFEBE
EFM
QSPUBHPOJTUB
TF
EFCB
B
VOB
TJUVB-
DJØO
EF
FTUSÏT
Z
UFOHB
B
MB
WF[
DPOTFDVFODJBT
QPTJUJWBT

7. {1PS
RVÏ
MB
BOPSFYJB
QVFEF
TFS
DPOTFDVFODJB
EF
FTUSÏT
8. 4J
VOB
QFSTPOB
QBEFDF
FTUSÏT
{TVGSJSÈ
TPMP
FMMB
MBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
P
UBNCJÏO
TF

WFSÈO
BGFDUBEPT
PUSPT
ÈNCJUPT
3B[POB
UV
SFTQVFTUB

59
 3 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE

5. El tratamiento del estrés

&M
USBUBNJFOUP
EFM
FTUSÏT
QVFEF
FOGPDBSTF
EFTEF
EPT
EFTEF
EPT
QVOUPT
EF
WJTUB
FM
QTJDP-
MØHJDP
Z
FM
NÏEJDP

A. Aspectos psicológicos del tratamiento

%FTEF
FM
QVOUP
EF
WJTUB
QTJDPMØHJDP
QPEFNPT
BCPSEBS
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
FO
TVT
BTQFDUPT

DPSQPSBM
DPHOJUJWP
Z
EFM
DPNQPSUBNJFOUP

Importante Tipo de terapia Características

-B
NFKPS
UFSBQJB
QBSB
FM
FTUSÏT
*OUFOUB
DPOUSBSSFTUBS
MBT
SFBDDJPOFT
mTJPMØHJDBT
EFM
FTUSÏT

FT
MB
QSFWFODJØO -BT
NÈT
VUJMJ[BEBT
TPO
MBT
UÏDOJDBT
EF
SFMBKBDJØO
RVF
UJFOFO
DPNP
PCKFUJWP

t

5FOFS
TJFNQSF
B
EJTQPTJDJØO
RVF
MB
QFSTPOB
TFB
DBQB[
EF
DPOUFOFS
TVT
QSPQJBT
SFBDDJPOFT
NFEJBOUF

VOB
WÈMWVMB
EF
FTDBQF
FKFSDJ- $PSQPSBM MB
DPOUSBDDJØO
Z
SFMBKBDJØO
NVTDVMBS
Z
FM
DPOUSPM
EF
MB
SFTQJSBDJØO
FO
VO

DJP
QBTBUJFNQPT
 BNCJFOUF
USBORVJMP

t
5
FOFS
BNJHPT
DPO
MPT
RVF
0USBT
UÏDOJDBT
VUJMJ[BEBT
TPO
MB
NFEJUBDJØO
USBTDFOEFOUF
FM
ZPHB
P
FM

DPNQBSUJS
MP
CVFOP
Z
MP
NBMP CVEJTNP
[FO
t

$POPDFS
MBT
UÏDOJDBT
EF
SFMB-
4F
CBTB
FO
MB
VUJMJ[BDJØO
EF
VOB
TFSJF
EF
QSPDFEJNJFOUPT
UFOEFOUFT
B
NPEJm-
KBDJØO
DBS
MB
DPOEVDUB
EFM
JOEJWJEVP

t
&

WJUBS
FM
VTP
EF
USBORVJMJ[BOUFT

P
FM
DPOTVNP
EF
BMDPIPM
QBSB
-PT
NÈT
JNQPSUBOUFT
TPO

IBDFS
GSFOUF
B
MBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
t

4VTUJUVJS
QFOTBNJFOUPT
OFHBUJWPT
Z
FYBHFSBEPT
QPS
PUSPT
NÈT
QPTJUJWPT
Z

EF
FTUSÏT $PHOJUJWB NFOPT
FYDFTJWPT
t

&OTF×BS
B
NBOFKBS
MBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
EF
FTUSÏT
TF
FYQMJDB
DØNP
BGFDUBO
Z

DVÈMFT
EFCFO
TFS
MBT
SFTQVFTUBT
BEFDVBEBT

t

"ZVEBS
B
BGSPOUBS
MB
TJUVBDJØO
EF
DPOnJDUP
QBSB
RVF
FM
QBDJFOUF
JOUFOUF

TPMVDJPOBSMB
Z
QVFEB
FOGSFOUBSTF
FO
MP
TVDFTJWP
B
PUSP
UJQP
EF
TJUVBDJPOFT

MP
RVF
BEFNÈT
JODSFNFOUB
TV
DPOmBO[B
FO
TÓ
NJTNP

%F
NPEJmDBDJØO
EFM
&OTF×B
B
SFTFSWBS
UJFNQP
QBSB
FM
EFTDBOTP
GÓTJDP
Z
QBSB
SFBMJ[BS
BMHÞO
UJQP

DPNQPSUBNJFOUP EF
BDUJWJEBE
GVFSB
EFM
USBCBKP

Tabla 3.5. El tratamiento del estrés desde una perspectiva psicológica.

B. Tratamiento médico
%FTEF
VOB
QFSTQFDUJWB
HFOFSBM
IBZ
RVF
BEPQUBS
VOBT
NFEJEBT
IJHJÏOJDPEJFUÏUJDBT
BEF-
DVBEBT
RVF
QVFEFO
BUFOVBS
MPT
FGFDUPT
OFHBUJWPT
EFM
FTUSÏT
Z
RVF
BDPNQB×FO
BM
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NJFOUP
NÏEJDP
QSPQJBNFOUF
EJDIP
FO
FM
RVF
TF
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Tipo de terapia Características

t
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Ten en cuenta t

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MB
RVF
TF
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FTUSÏT

"VORVF
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FYJTUBO
TÓOUPNBT
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MB
DBGFÓOB
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TJPMØHJDPT
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FM
FTUSÏT
TJFNQSF
t

3FBMJ[BS
BMHÞO
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EF
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DPO
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GÓTJDP
DPNP
QTÓRVJDP
Z
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VO
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EFM
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UBNJFOUP
NÏEJDP
BM
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FTUP
TVQPOESÓB
B×BEJS
VO
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NÈT
B
MB
TJUVBDJØO
EF
FTUSÏT
NJFOUSBT
TF
WBMPSB
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FM
DVB-
ESP
RVF
FTUÈ
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FM
JOEJWJ- $PO
MPT
GÈSNBDPT
TF
JOUFOUB
RVF
EFTBQBSF[DBO
MPT
TÓOUPNBT
GÓTJDPT
Z
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QBSB
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B×BEJS
HJDPT
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FM
FTUSÏT
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FM
UJQP
EF
USBUBNJFOUP
RVF
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NFEJDBNFOUPT
NÈT
VUJMJ[BEPT
FO
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
EFM
FTUSÏT
TPO
BOTJPMÓUJDPT

NFOUF
TF
OFDFTJUF
TFB
GBSNBDP- RVF
TVQSJNFO
MB
BOTJFEBE
Z
BOUJEFQSFTJWPT
FO
DBTP
EF
RVF
FYJTUB
EFQSFTJØO
MØHJDP
P
OP
Tabla 3.6. El tratamiento del estrés desde una perspectiva médica.

60
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
Caso práctico 5

$BSPMJOB
IB
JEP
BM
NÏEJDP
QSFPDVQBEB
QPS
TV
TJUVBDJØO
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IB
DPOUBEP
UPEP
MP
RVF
Ten en cuenta

MF
QBTB
Z
TJFOUF
EFTEF
RVF
FNQF[Ø
MPT
USÈNJUFT
EF
TFQBSBDJØO
EF
TV
NBSJEP

&M
NÏEJDP
MF
IB
IFDIP
VOB
IJTUPSJB
DMÓOJDB
Z
IB
FWBMVBEP
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MP
RVF
$BSPMJOB
MF
IB
&T
GSFDVFOUF
RVF
MPT
DVBESPT
EF


DPOUFTUBEP
-VFHP
MF
IB
IFDIP
VOB
FYQMPSBDJØO
QBSB
WFSJGJDBS
MPT
TÓOUPNBT
Z
TJHOPT
FTUSÏT
DBVTBEPT
QPS
GBDUPSFT
OF
RVF
SFGJFSF
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MMFHBS
BM
EJBHOØTUJDP
EF
FTUSÏT
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GBNJMJBSFT
Z
MBCPSBMFT HBUJWPT
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EF


VO
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RVF
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MF
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VOBT
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EF
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EF
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SÈ
TFS
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HVJBEB
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MF
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TV
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Z
DPOTJHB

RVF
TV
BMJNFOUBDJØO
TFB
FRVJMJCSBEB
Z
BEFDVBEB

1PS
ÞMUJNP
MF
IB
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VOPT
BOTJPMÓUJDPT
DPO
VOB
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EF
DPOUSPM
Z
QPS
DPSUP

FTQBDJP
EF
UJFNQP
4FHÞO
MB
FWPMVDJØO
FO
VOB
QSØYJNB
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TF
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MF
IB
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VO

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DPNP
FM
EF
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Vocabulario

Dosis de control:
FT
VOB
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IBCJUVBMNFOUF
CBKB
Z
GJKB
EF
VO

NFEJDBNFOUP
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TF
QSFTDSJCF

QBSB
FWBMVBS
FM
FGFDUP
RVF
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FO
FM
QBDJFOUF

Fig. 3.8.

Solución:
&M
NÏEJDP
MF
IB
QSPQVFTUP
VOB
UFSBQJB
EF
SFMBKBDJØO
TFHVSBNFOUF
MB
RVF
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NÈT
BEFDVBEB

QBSB
RVF
BQSFOEB
B
DPOUSPMBS
TV
BDUJWBDJØO
ZB
RVF
FTUB
MF

QSPWPDB
TÓOUPNBT
DPNP
UBRVJDBSEJB
IJQFSUFOTJØO
Z
NBSFPT
EFCJEP
BM
FTUÓNVMP
DPOT-
UBOUF
EF
TV
TJTUFNB
OFSWJPTP
TJNQÈUJDP
Z
QBSBTJNQÈUJDP
-B
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IBDFS

EFTBQBSFDFS
FTUPT
TÓOUPNBT
TJO
OFDFTJEBE
EF
GÈSNBDPT
&TUB
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UBNCJÏO
FT
VO
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EF
TV
FTUBEP
EF
BOTJFEBE
DPNP
MB
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EF

BOTJPMÓUJDPT
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FO
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EF
TFS
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FT
EF
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RVF
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UPNB
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GÈSNBDPT Claves y consejos
-BT
NFEJEBT
IJHJÏOJDPEJFUÏUJDBT
RVF
MF
IB
QSFTDSJUP
FM
NÏEJDP
TPO
EFKBS
EF
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Z
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RVF
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B
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EF
VOB
NBOFSB
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Z
FRVJMJ- &M
QSJNFS
QBTP
QBSB
SFEVDJS
FM

CSBEB
Z
HBOF
MPT
LJMPT
QFSEJEPT
"EFNÈT
MF
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RVF
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BQSFOEFS
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DJBT
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FTUJNVMFO
TV
BOTJFEBE
DPNP
FM
BMDPIPM
P
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GPSNB
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6OB
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MB
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Actividades QFSP
FTUP
TVFMF
TFS
JNQPTJCMF

1PS
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NÈT
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EB
Z
RVF
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9. {2VÏ
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EF
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EF
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61
 3 &TUSÏT
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BOTJFEBE

6. El concepto de ansiedad
-B
NBZPSÓB
EF
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BMHVOB
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EF
TFS
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Ten en cuenta
DPNQMFUBNFOUF
OFHBUJWP
MB
BOTJFEBE
QFSNJUF
RVF
FM
PSHBOJTNP
TF
QPOHB
FO
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Z

-B
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B
MB
BO
BDUJWF
UPEPT
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EF
EFGFOTB
BOUF
VOB
TJUVBDJØO
EFUFSNJOBEB

TJFEBE
QVFEF
-B
BOTJFEBE
FT
VOB
respuesta emocional,
RVF
WBSJBSÈ
TFHÞO
FM
FTUÓNVMP
RVF
MB
QSPEV[DB

t

4FS
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QPS
VO
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t
/
P
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t
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MP
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DPOWJFSUF
MB
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MØHJDB A. Ansiedad y patología
"VORVF
OPT
JODJUB
B
BDUVBS
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OPT
BZVEB
B
FOGSFOUBSOPT
B
MBT
TJUVBDJPOFT
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MB
BOTJFEBE
QVFEF
MMFHBS
B
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FT
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-B
BOTJFEBE
TF
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BMUFSB
FM
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JOEJWJEVP

EF
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NBOFSB
RVF
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EF
TFS
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QBSB
DPOWFSUJSTF
FO
VOB
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RVF
FM
JOEJWJEVP
OP
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Vocabulario
-B
BOTJFEBE
QBUPMØHJDB
FT
VOB
respuesta desproporcionada
B
VO
FTUÓNVMP
EFUFSNJOBEP

-B
aprensión
FT
FM
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$PNP
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EF
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FM
JOEJWJEVP
TF
WF
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EF
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RVF

P
FM
SFDFMP
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TV
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&O
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IB
EF
TFS
USBUBEB
QPS
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TJFOUF
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&O
FM
DBTP
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DPNP
QTJRVJBUSBT
Z
QTJDØMPHPT
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
TF
IBCMB
EF

FYQFDUBDJØO
BQSFOTJWB
DVBOEP

MB
QFSTPOB
TJFOUF
VO
UFNPS
EFT- B. Trastornos de la ansiedad
QSPQPSDJPOBEP
B
MP
RVF
EFQBSF
-PT
USBTUPSOPT
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
TPO
UPEPT
BRVFMMPT
EFTØSEFOFT
RVF
BGFDUBO
BM
DPNQPSUB-
FM
GVUVSP
HFOFSBMNFOUF
FO
UFNBT
NJFOUP
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
Z
RVF
UJFOFO
DPNP
DBVTB
MB
BOTJFEBE
SFMBDJPOBEPT
DPO
MB
TBMVE
-PT
USBTUPSOPT
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
QVFEFO
DMBTJGJDBSTF
EF
MB
TJHVJFOUF
NBOFSB

Trastorno Características Manifestaciones Observaciones

"QBSJDJØO
CSVTDB
EF
VO
NJFEP
JOUFOTP 5FNCMPS
TVEPSBDJØO
NJFEP
B
NPSJS
TFO- 1VFEF
BQBSFDFS
FTQPOUÈOFBNFOUF
P

TBDJØO
EF
GSÓPDBMPS
OÈVTFBT
TFOTBDJØO
FTUBS
QSPWPDBEP
QPS
VO
FTUÓNVMP
Pánico
EF
BTmYJB
NBSFP
NJFEP
B
QFSEFS
FM

DPOUSPM
EPMPS
FO
FM
QFDIP
5FNPSFT
BOHVTUJPTPT
B
EFUFSNJOBEBT
DJS- 'PCJB
FTQFDÓmDB
NJFEP
B
VO
PCKFUP
P
&WJUBDJØO
EF
MB
TJUVBDJØO
RVF
QSPWPDB
FM

DVOTUBODJBT
SFBMFT
P
JNBHJOBSJPT TJUVBDJØO
EFUFSNJOBEB

GPCJB
TPDJBM
UFNPS
NJFEP
B
DPMPDBSTF
FO
VOB
TJUVBDJØO

WFSHPO[PTB
FO
VO
NFEJP
TPDJBM

BHPSB-
Fobia GPCJB
NJFEP
RVF
TJFOUF
MB
QFSTPOB
EF

FODPOUSBSTF
FO
DVBMRVJFS
TJUVBDJØO
RVF

QVFEB
QSPWPDBS
VO
BUBRVF
EF
QÈOJDP
P

EF
MB
DVBM
MF
TFB
EJGÓDJM
FTDBQBS
MP
RVF

MF
IBDF
FODFSSBSTF
FO
DBTB

"QBSJDJØO
QSPHSFTJWB
Z
QFSNBOFOUF
EF
'BUJHB
JORVJFUVE
EJmDVMUBE
QBSB
EPSNJS
&M
JOEJWJEVP
FTUÈ
QSFPDVQBEP
QFSNB-
Ansiedad
TÓOUPNBT
JOUFOTPT
EF
BOTJFEBE
TJO
VOB
JSSJUBCJMJEBE
UFOTJØO
NVTDVMBS OFOUFNFOUF
TJO
NPUJWPT
BQBSFOUFT
Z
OP

generalizada
DBVTB
SFBM
RVF
MPT
QSPWPRVF MP
QVFEF
DPOUSPMBS
0CTFTJPOFT
RVF
QVFEFO
TFS
JEFBT
P
$BEB
PCTFTJØO
MMFWB
BTPDJBEB
VOB
DPN- 6O
FKFNQMP
FT
FM
NJFEP
BM
DPOUBHJP

Obsesivo- QFOTBNJFOUPT
RVF
TF
SFQJUFO
Z
OP
EFT- QVMTJØO
P
DPOEVDUB
RVF
DPNQFOTB
MB
DVZB
DPNQVMTJØO
DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF
FT

compulsivo BQBSFDFO
EF
MB
NFOUF
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
BVO- BOHVTUJB
RVF
QSPWPDB MBWBSTF
MBT
NBOPT
SFQFUJEBNFOUF
RVF
MP
JOUFOUF
QPS
UPEPT
MPT
NFEJPT
"QBSFDF
FO
BRVFMMPT
JOEJWJEVPT
RVF
TF
1ÏSEJEB
EFM
TVF×P
JSSJUBCJMJEBE
TPCSF- 1SPWPDB
BMUFSBDJPOFT
FO
MB
WJEB
GBNJMJBS

Estrés IBO
WJTUP
FYQVFTUPT
B
VO
FWFOUP
USBVNÈ- TBMUP
GBMUB
EF
DPODFOUSBDJØO MBCPSBM
Z
TPDJBM
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
postraumático UJDP
RVF
JOWPMVDSB
VO
EB×P
GÓTJDP
P
QTJDP-
MØHJDP
FYUSFNP

Tabla 3.7. Trastornos de la ansiedad, según el .BOVBM
EJBHOØTUJDP
Z
FTUBEÓTUJDP
EF
MPT
USBTUPSOPT
NFOUBMFT elaborado por la Asociación

Americana de Psiquiatría.

62
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
C. Tratamiento de la ansiedad
$POTJEFSBOEP
MB
BOTJFEBE
DPNP
VOB
SFTQVFTUB
EF
BMFSUB
B
VOB
TJUVBDJØO
BNFOB[BOUF

Importante
QBSB
FM
JOEJWJEVP
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
TFSÈ
TFNFKBOUF
BM
RVF
TF
FTUBCMFDJØ
FO
MBT
NBOJGFTUBDJP-
OFT
QTÓRVJDBT
EFM
FTUSÏT
:
FO
DBTP
EF
RVF
FM
QBDJFOUF
OFDFTJUF
USBUBNJFOUP
GBSNBDPMØHJ- &O
FM
USBUBNJFOUP
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE

DP
UBNCJÏO
TFSÈ
FM
NJTNP
TF
VUJMJ[BSÈO
BOTJPMÓUJDPT
BQBSUF
EF
MPT
USBTUPSOPT
QTÓRVJDPT

&O
DBNCJP
DVBOEP
MB
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TF
DPOWJFSUF
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QBUPMPHÓB
Z
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EF
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EF
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EFM
FTUSÏT
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BOTJFEBE
FM
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TFS
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FM
JOEJWJEVP
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t
&O
FM
trastorno del pánico
TF
QPESÈO
VUJMJ[BS
BOTJPMÓUJDPT
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QBSB
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MB
DSJTJT
TF
UBNCJÏO
TÓOUPNBT
PSHÈOJDPT
RVF

IBZ
RVF
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GVODJØO
EF
MB

BENJOJTUSBSÈO
BOUJEFQSFTJWPT
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EF

NFTFT
QBUPMPHÓB
RVF
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t
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trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo
EFCFSÈ
TFS
USBUBEP
QPS
FM
QTJRVJBUSB
&M
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DPOTJTUF
FO
MB
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EF
VO
GÈSNBDP
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DJØO
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t
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fobias.
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FM
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TF
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FO
BUFODJØO

QSJNBSJB
DPO
VO
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BM
EF
MB
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TJ
FT
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DPNP
MB

BHPSBGPCJB
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HFOFSBMJ[BEB
P
BMHÞO
UJQP
EF
GPCJB
TJNQMF
TFSÈ
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FM
FTQFDJBMJTUB

Caso práctico 6

Virginia
MMFWB
VOB
TFNBOB
TJO
BQBSFDFS
QPS
DMBTF
OBEJF
QSFHVOUB
RVÏ
MF
QBTB
QPS-
RVF
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MP
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EF
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FO
FM
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EFM
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FSB
FM
.
4VGSJØ
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MP
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FO

DVSBSTF
Z
CPSSBSTF
4F
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CB×BEB
FO
TVEPS
UPEBT
MBT
OPDIFT
WJFOEP
FTDFOBT

IPSSJCMFT
/P
RVJFSF
IBCMBS
OVODB
EFM
UFNB
Z
SPNQF
B
MMPSBS
DPO
GSFDVFODJB
Antonio,
KVCJMBEP
EFTEF
IBDF
VO
MVTUSP
TF
QSFQBSB
QBSB
TBMJS
WJWF
TPMP
6OB
WF[

RVF
IB
PSEFOBEP
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MF
EB
VO
ÞMUJNP
SFQBTP
B
HPMQF
EF
WJTUB
B
TV
QFRVF×P

BQBSUBNFOUP
BCSF
MB
QVFSUB
TBMF
Z
MB
DJFSSB
DPO
MMBWF
TJHVJFOEP
FM
SJUVBM
EJBSJP

EPT
WFDFT
B
MB
EFSFDIB
DFSSBEB

EPT
WFDFT
B
MB
J[RVJFSEB
BCJFSUB

EPT
WFDFT
B

MB
EFSFDIB
DFSSBEB

EPT
WFDFT
B
MB
J[RVJFSEB
BCJFSUB

EPT
WFDFT
B
MB
EFSFDIB

DFSSBEB

CBKB
FO
FM
BTDFOTPS
TBMVEB
BM
DPOTFSKF
Z
TBMF
B
MB
DBMMF
TFHVSP
EF
RVF
IB

EFKBEP
TV
DBTB
DFSSBEB
Berta
QBTFB
TPMB
2VJFSF
DPOWFODFSTF
EF
RVF
MP
QVFEF
IBDFS
BVORVF
DPO
UFNPS

EF
RVF
MF
WVFMWB
B
TPCSFWFOJS
FTB
TFOTBDJØO
RVF
TBMF
EF
MB
OBEB
RVF
MF
IBDF
TFOUJS

RVF
QJFSEF
FM
DPOUSPM
Z
RVF
TF
FTUÈ
WPMWJFOEP
MPDB
"QBSFDFO
QBMQJUBDJPOFT
GVFSUFT

TVEPS
GSÓP
UFSSPS
QFSP
TJ
OP
MP
JOUFOUB
OP
TBMESÈ
OVODB
EF
DBTB
Alberto
MMFWB
VO
B×P
TJO
TBMJS
EF
DBTB
QVFEF
IBDFS
TV
USBCBKP
EFTEF
BMMÓ
ZB
RVF
FT

BSUJDVMJTUB
FO
VO
QFSJØEJDP
EF
UJSBEB
OBDJPOBM
"MHP
RVF
OP
QVFEF
SFDPSEBS
TVDFEJØ

IBDF
VO
B×P
"
QBSUJS
EF
FOUPODFT
OP
QVFEF
TBMJS
QPSRVF
OBEB
NÈT
BCSJS
MB
QVFSUB

Z
TVCJSTF
BM
BTDFOTPS
FNQJF[B
B
NBSFBSTF
B
TFOUJS
VO
TVEPS
GSÓP
HBOBT
EF
JS
BM

CB×P
FUD
4F
NFUF
FO
DBTB
PUSB
WF[
Z
FNQJF[BO
B
EFTBQBSFDFS
UPEPT
MPT
TÓOUPNBT

)B
EFDJEP
DPOTVMUBS
B
VO
FTQFDJBMJTUB
4F×BMB
RVÏ
UJQP
EF
USBTUPSOP
EF
BOTJFEBE
QBEFDF
DBEB
VOP
EF
MPT
QFSTPOBKFT
BOUF-
SJPSFT
3B[ØOBMP Actividades

11. 7FS
MB
QFMÓDVMB
Mejor im-

Solución:
posible,
F
JEFOUJGJDBS
MBT

t

7JSHJOJB
QBEFDF
VO
TÓOESPNF
EF
FTUSÏT
QPTUSBVNÈUJDP
WJWJØ
FM
BUFOUBEP
EFM
.
PCTFTJPOFT
Z
DPNQVMTJP-
Z
WJP
FM
IPSSPS
EFM
NJTNP OFT
EF
TV
QSPUBHPOJTUB
t

"OUPOJP
QBEFDF
VO
USBTUPSOP
PCTFTJWPDPNQVMTJWP
5JFOF
VOB
PCTFTJØO
RVF
FOUSFO

FO
TV
DBTB
Z
UPRVFO
TVT
DPTBT
P
MF
SPCFOy

QBSB
NJUJHBS
MB
BOHVTUJB
RVF
MF
QSP- 12. .FODJPOB
DJODP
GPCJBT
FT
WPDB
SFBMJ[B
FM
SJUP
EF
MB
QVFSUB
DPNQVMTJØO
 QFDÓGJDBT
#VTDB
FO
*OUFSOFU

t

#FSUB
QBEFDF
VO
USBTUPSOP
EF
QÈOJDP
IB
TVGSJEP
WBSJPT
BUBRVFT
EF
FTUF
UJQP
EF
BMHVOPT
EF
MPT
NÞMUJQMFT

NBOFSB
JOFTQFSBEB
Z
FTF
NJFEP
JOUFOTP
MF
FTUÈ
IBDJFOEP
DBNCJBS
TV
DPOEVDUB
UFTU
EF
BOTJFEBE
RVF
FYJT-
NJFEP
B
QBEFDFS
PUSP
Z
QPS
UBOUP
B
SFMBDJPOBSTF
DPO
HFOUF
 UFO
Z
DPNQBSB
MPT
ÓUFNT

t

"MCFSUP
QBEFDF
VOB
GPCJB
$PNP
TF
USBUB
EFM
NJFEP
B
TBMJS
EF
DBTB
P
B
FTUBS
FO
RVF
TF
WBMPSBO
FO
DBEB

MVHBSFT
QÞCMJDPT
TF
MMBNB
BHPSBGPCJB
VOP
EF
FMMPT

63
 3 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE

7. Ansiedad y estrés en el paciente hospitalizado

-B
TJUVBDJØO
EF
IPTQJUBMJ[BDJØO
HFOFSB
VO
HSBO
FTUSÏT
RVF
TF
NBOJGJFTUB
DPNP
VO
FMFWB-
Ten en cuenta
EP
ÓOEJDF
EF
BOTJFEBE
-PT
BHFOUFT
FTUSFTBOUFT
P
desencadenantes
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
FO
FM

"GSPOUBS
VOB
DJSVHÓB
DPO
BOTJF-
QBDJFOUF
FO
FTUF
DBTP
TFSÓBO
EBE
UJFOF
JOGMVFODJBT
OFHBUJWBT
t
-B
FOGFSNFEBE
Z
MB
IPTQJUBMJ[BDJØO
FO
MB
SFDVQFSBDJØO
GÓTJDPQTÓRVJ-
t
-BT
FYQFDUBUJWBT
DPO
SFTQFDUP
B
MPT
DVJEBEPT
USBUBNJFOUPT
F
JOUFSWFODJPOFT
B
MBT
RVF

DB
QPTURVJSÞSHJDB
DPNP
MBSHBT

FTUBODJBT
IPTQJUBMBSJBT
Z
NBZPS
UJFOF
RVF
TFS
TPNFUJEP
OFDFTJEBE
EF
BOBMHÏTJDPT
RVF
&TUB
BOTJFEBE
FO
VO
QSJODJQJP
QSFQBSB
BM
JOEJWJEVP
QBSB
MB
BDDJØO
B
MB
IPSB
EF
FO-
QFSKVEJDBSÈO
BM
JOEJWJEVP GSFOUBSTF
B
VO
QFMJHSP
Z
NVDIBT
WFDFT
FTUB
SFTQVFTUB
QVFEF
TFS
DMBWF
FM
PSHBOJTNP

TFHSFHB
BESFOBMJOB
Z
BQBSFDFO
MBT
TFOTBDJPOFT
DPSQPSBMFT
QSPQJBT
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
&O

FTUF
NPNFOUP
MB
SFTQVFTUB
BM
FTUSÏT
GBDJMJUB
MB
FKFDVDJØO
EF
DVBMRVJFS
BDDJØO
TJ
CJFO
MB

SFTQVFTUB
WBSÓB
EF
VOBT
QFSTPOBT
B
PUSBT
1FSP
MB
BQBSJDJØO
P
BVNFOUP
EF
EPMPS
IBDF
RVF
FM
QBDJFOUF
IPTQJUBMJ[BEP
QJFOTF
FO
FM

BHSBWBNJFOUP
EF
TV
FOGFSNFEBE
&TUPT
QFOTBNJFOUPT
OFHBUJWPT
HFOFSBO
VO
BVNFOUP
EF

MB
BOTJFEBE
RVF
B
TV
WF[
IBDF
RVF
BVNFOUF
MB
TFOTBDJØO
EF
EPMPS
EF
NPEP
RVF
TF

QSPEVDF
VO
DÓSDVMP
WJDJPTP
BOTJFEBEEPMPS
Otras causas
EF
BOTJFEBE
FO
FM
QBDJFOUF
IPTQJUBMJ[BEP
QVFEFO
TFS
Actividades t
-PT
HSBOEFT
DBNCJPT
RVF
FYQFSJNFOUB
FO
TV
WJEB
DPUJEJBOB
BM
TFS
IPTQJUBMJ[BEP
13. /PNCSB
MBT
USFT
DBVTBT
t
"MHVOBT
NFEJEBT
SFTUSJDUJWBT
DPNP
MB
JNQPTJDJØO
EF
EJFUBT
Z
WFTUVBSJP
P
MB
QÏSEJEB

RVF
QSPEVDFO
NÈT
BOTJF- EF
QSJWBDJEBE
EBE
FO
DBTP
EF
IPTQJUBMJ- t
&M
BJTMBNJFOUP
RVF
TVGSF
SFMFHBEP
B
VOB
IBCJUBDJØO
QFRVF×B
RVF
OP
FT
MB
TVZB
[BDJØO
Z
FYQMJDB
MPT
NPUJ- t
-B
TFQBSBDJØO
EF
TVT
TFSFT
RVFSJEPT
WPT
EF
EJDIB
BOTJFEBE
t
-BT
FYQFSJFODJBT
SFMBDJPOBEBT
DPO
FM
EPMPS
FM
NJFEP
B
MBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
EF
MB
FO-
14. &O
DBTP
EF
RVF
UF
IPTQJUB- GFSNFEBE
Z
MB
GBMUB
EF
JOGPSNBDJØO
TPCSF
FTUB
MJ[BSBO
{DØNP
UF
HVTUBSÓB

RVF
GVFTF
MB
IBCJUBDJØO
t
%JTUJOUBT
UÏDOJDBT
EJBHOØTUJDBT
Z
EF
FYQMPSBDJØO
B
MBT
RVF
TF
TPNFUF
BM
QBDJFOUF
EFM
IPTQJUBM
QBSB
OP
TFO- 1PS
UPEP
FMMP
FM
FTUSÏT
Z
MB
BOTJFEBE
RVF
QSPWPDB
MB
IPTQJUBMJ[BDJØO
IBO
EF
TFS
UFOJEPT

UJSUF
UBO
FYUSB×P FO
DVFOUB
QPS
FM
QSPGFTJPOBM
TBOJUBSJP
RVF
EFCFSÈ
FTUBS
DBQBDJUBEP
QBSB
EJBHOPTUJDBS-
MPT
Z
QMBOJGJDBS
BDDJPOFT
RVF
MPT
IBHBO
EJTNJOVJS
P
EFTBQBSFDFS

Caso práctico 7

"OB
EF

B×PT
DPO
BOUFDFEFOUFT
EF
BOHJOB
EF
QFDIP
BDVEF
B
VSHFODJBT
USBT
VOB
DBÓEB
FO
MB
RVF
TF
IB

GSBDUVSBEP
MB
DBEFSB
EFSFDIB

-B
BDPNQB×B
TV
NBSJEP
QFSP
BVO
BTÓ
"OB
TF
FODVFOUSB
NVZ
OFSWJPTB
Z
MF
QSFHVOUB
BM
NÏEJDP
TJ
MB
JOUFS-
WFODJØO
QVFEF
BGFDUBS
B
TV
EÏCJM
DPSB[ØO
'VFSPO
TPMPT
B
QBTBS
VOPT
EÓBT
B
MB
QMBZB
Z
TVT
IJKPT
Z
GBNJMJBSFT

DFSDBOPT
OP
FTUÈO
"OUFT
EF
SFBMJ[BS
DVBMRVJFS
FYQMPSBDJØO
FM
NÏEJDP
UJFOF
RVF
BOBMJ[BS
MB
TJUVBDJØO
EF
"OB
{$VÈM
FT
FTUB
{$ØNP
EFCFSÓBO
BDUVBS
MPT
QSPGFTJPOBMFT
TBOJUBSJPT
RVF
MB
BUJFOEFO

Solución:
"OB
QBEFDF
VO
JOUFOTP
FTUSÏT
RVF
MF
MMFWB
B
VO
FTUBEP
EF
BOTJFEBE
Z
MJHFSB
BOHVTUJB
QPSRVF
UJFOF
NJFEP
B

NPSJS
EF
VOB
QBSBEB
DBSEÓBDB
FO
MB
PQFSBDJØO
RVJSÞSHJDB
1PS
PUSP
MBEP
TVT
IJKPT
OP
TF
FODVFOUSBO
DPO
FMMB

FO
FTF
NPNFOUP
Z
FTUÈ
QSFPDVQBEB
UBNCJÏO
QPS
TV
NBSJEP
RVF
FT
CBTUBOUF
NBZPS
-PT
QSPGFTJPOBMFT
TBOJUBSJPT
EFCFO
EBSTF
DVFOUB
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
RVF
TVGSF
"OB
F
JOUFOUBS
USBOTNJUJSMF
TFOTBDJØO

EF
DPOUSPM
TPCSF
TV
FTUBEP
DMÓOJDP
QSBDUJDBOEP
MBT
FYQMPSBDJPOFT
Z
QSVFCBT
RVF
TFBO
OFDFTBSJBT
BVTDVMUB-
DJØO
FMFDUSPDBSEJPHSBNBT
SBEJPHSBGÓBT
FUD

F
JOGPSNBOEP
B
FMMB
Z
B
TV
NBSJEP
TPCSF
MBT
NJTNBT
$PNP
OP
UJFOF
FM
BQPZP
GBNJMJBS
IBZ
RVF
QSPDVSBS
TVQMJS
FTB
BVTFODJB
DPO
VOB
NBZPS
QSFTFODJB
QPS
QBSUF

EF
MPT
QSPGFTJPOBMFT
TBOJUBSJPT
RVF
TF
QSFPDVQBSÈO
QPS
FM
CJFOFTUBS
EF
"OB
NPTUSÈOEPMF
TV
EJTQPOJCJMJEBE
Z

NBOUFOJÏOEPMB
JOGPSNBEB
B
FMMB
Z
B
TV
NBSJEP
EF
TV
FWPMVDJØO
Z
EF
MBT
QSVFCBT
P
USBUBNJFOUPT
B
RVF
TF
WB
B

TPNFUFS
&MMP
BZVEBSÈ
B
SFEVDJS
MB
JODFSUJEVNCSF
RVF
FT
VO
FTUÓNVMP
QBSB
TV
BOTJFEBE

64
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
Sínt esis

t
«NCJUP
GBNJMJBS
t
«NCJUP
MBCPSBM
"HFOUFT
FTUSFTBOUFT
t
«NCJUP
TPDJBM
t
«NCJUP
QFSTPOBM

3FTQVFTUB
QTJDPMØHJDB
3FTQVFTUBT
EFM

JOEJWJEVP
3FTQVFTUB
CJPMØHJDB

t
«NCJUP
GBNJMJBS
t
«NCJUP
MBCPSBM
Estrés $POTFDVFODJBT t
«NCJUP
TPDJBM
t
«NCJUP
QFSTPOBM

1VFEF
DBVTBSMB
&OGFSNFEBE
1VFEF
BHSBWBSMB

1TJDPMØHJDP
5SBUBNJFOUP

.ÏEJDP

t
1ÈOJDP
t
'PCJB
5SBTUPSOPT t
"OTJFEBE
HFOFSBMJ[BEB
t
0CTFTJWPDPNQVMTJWP
t
&TUSÏT
QPTUSBVNÈUJDP
Ansiedad

1TJDPMØHJDP
5SBUBNJFOUP

'BSNBDPMØHJDP

t
$BNCJPT
FO
MB
WJEB
DPUJEJBOB
t
.FEJEBT
SFTUSJDUJWBT
Ansiedad y estrés
$BVTBT t
"JTMBNJFOUP
en el paciente
t
4FQBSBDJØO
EF
MPT
TFSFT
RVFSJEPT
hospitalizado
t
.JFEP
B
MBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
EF
MB
FOGFSNFEBE
t
5ÏDOJDBT
EJBHOØTUJDBT

65
 3 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE

Test de repaso
1. 6O
JOEJWJEVP
DPO
BOTJFEBE b) &T
VOB
SFTQVFTUB
FNPDJPOBM
RVF
QVFEF
BQBSFDFS

a) 4JFNQSF
QBEFDF
FTUSÏT TJO
VOB
DBVTB
BQBSFOUF
DPNP
DPOTFDVFODJB
EF
VOB

BNFOB[B
b) 1BEFDF
VOB
SFTQVFTUB
CJPMØHJDB
BM
FTUSÏT
c) 4F
DPOWJFSUF
FO
QBUPMØHJDB
DVBOEP
MB
SFTQVFTUB
B

c) 5JFOF
VOB
QBUPMPHÓB
VO
FTUÓNVMP
FT
EFTQSPQPSDJPOBEB
Z
BMUFSB
FM
DPN-
d) /JOHVOB
EF
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT
FT
DPSSFDUB QPSUBNJFOUP
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
2. -PT
USFT
FMFNFOUPT
GVOEBNFOUBMFT
EFM
FTUSÏT
TPO d) 5PEBT
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT
TPO
DPSSFDUBT
a) -PT
BHFOUFT
FTUSFTBOUFT
FM
JOEJWJEVP
Z
MBT
SFTQVFTUBT

CJPMØHJDBT 8. &M
FTUSÏT
b) &M
JOEJWJEVP
MB
SFTQVFTUB
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
BM
FTUSÏT
Z
MBT
a) 4JFNQSF
UJFOF
FGFDUPT
OFHBUJWPT

TJUVBDJPOFT
BNCJFOUBMFT b) "DBCB
DBVTBOEP
VOB
FOGFSNFEBE
FO
FM
JOEJWJEVP

c) -B
SFTQVFTUB
FNPDJPOBM
FM
JOEJWJEVP
Z
MPT
BHFOUFT
RVF
MP
TVGSF
FTUSFTBOUFT c) 4PMP
TJ
QFSNBOFDF
FO
FM
UJFNQP
QSPWPDBSÈ
FOGFSNF-
d) 5PEBT
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT
TPO
DPSSFDUBT EBE
Z
FTUP
TJFNQSF
TFSÈ
OFHBUJWP
QBSB
FM
JOEJWJEVP
d) /JOHVOB
EF
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT
FT
DPSSFDUB
3. 7JWJS
FO
VOB
[POB
DPOGMJDUJWB
QVFEF
TFS
VOB
DBVTB
EF

FTUSÏT
FO
FM
ÈNCJUP 9. -B
EFQSFTJØO
BQBSFDF
DPNP
a) 1FSTPOBM a) 6OB
SFTQVFTUB
CJPMØHJDB
BM
FTUSÏT
b) 'BNJMJBS b) 6OB
FNPDJØO
TJFNQSF
RVF
FM
JOEJWJEVP
FTUÈ
TV
c) 4PDJBM GSJFOEP
FTUSÏT
d) -BCPSBM c) 6OB
SFTQVFTUB
QTJDPMØHJDB
JONFEJBUB
BM
FTUSÏT
d) 6OB
SFTQVFTUB
FNPDJPOBM
EFM
JOEJWJEVP
B
MB
QFSNB-
4. -B
UFSBQJB
DPSQPSBM
TF
VUJMJ[B
DPNP
OFODJB
FO
FM
UJFNQP
EFM
FTUSÏT
a) 5SBUBNJFOUP
NÏEJDP
EFM
FTUSÏT
10. &M
TÓOESPNF
EF
burnout:
b) 5SBUBNJFOUP
QTJDPMØHJDP
EFM
FTUSÏT
a) &T
VO
DVBESP
EF
FTUSÏT
TPDJBM
FO
RVF
FM
JOEJWJEVP
OP
TF

c) 5SBUBNJFOUP
QTJDPMØHJDP
EFM
FTUSÏT
Z
MB
BOTJFEBE
BEBQUB
B
MB
TJUVBDJØO
FO
RVF
WJWF
d) 5SBUBNJFOUP
QTJDPMØHJDP
EF
MB
BOTJFEBE
b) 4F
DBSBDUFSJ[B
QPS
BHPUBNJFOUP
FNPDJPOBM
EFTQFSTP-
5. -B
BHPSBGPCJB
FT OBMJ[BDJØO
Z
CBKB
BVUPFTUJNB

a) -B
GPCJB
B
MBT
BSB×BT c) 4PMP
UJFOF
NBOJGFTUBDJPOFT
QTJDPMØHJDBT

b) 6O
USBTUPSOP
EF
QÈOJDP
FO
RVF
FM
JOEJWJEVP
OP
TBMF
d) 5PEBT
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT
TPO
DPSSFDUBT

EF
DBTB 11. -B
BQBSJDJØO
CSVTDB
EF
VO
NJFEP
JOUFOTP
FT
MB
EFGJOJ-
c) 6OB
GPCJB
FTQFDÓGJDB
FO
RVF
FM
JOEJWJEVP
UJFOF
DJØO
EF
NJFEP
B
TBMJS
EF
DBTB a) &M
QÈOJDP
d) /JOHVOB
EF
MBT
BOUFSJPSFT b) -B
GPCJB
6. {$VÈM
EF
MPT
TJHVJFOUFT
OP
FT
VO
DVBESP
EF
BOTJFEBE
c) -B
BOTJFEBE
HFOFSBMJ[BEB
QBUPMØHJDB d) &M
USBTUPSOP
PCTFTJWPDPNQVMTJWP
a) -PT
OFSWJPT
BOUF
VOB
TJUVBDJØO
EFTDPOPDJEB 12. -B
TFQBSBDJØO
EF
MPT
TFSFT
RVFSJEPT
FT
VOB
DBVTB
EF

b) &M
USBTUPSOP
EF
QÈOJDP BOTJFEBE
IBCJUVBM
FO
c) &M
USBTUPSOP
PCTFTJWPDPNQVMTJWP a) -PT
QBDJFOUFT
IPTQJUBMJ[BEPT
d) Las
GPCJBT b) -PT
QBDJFOUFT
RVF
TVGSFO
GPCJBT
7. -B
BOTJFEBE c) &M
USBUBNJFOUP
EFM
FTUSÏT
a) &T
MB
SFTQVFTUB
FNPDJPOBM
B
VO
BHFOUF
FTUSFTBOUF d) -B
NBEVSF[
QFSTPOBM

66
 &TUSÏT
Z
BOTJFEBE 3
Comprueba t u aprendizaje
Comprender y diferenciar los conceptos de estrés y an- 12. .BSJP
EF

B×PT
B
QFTBS
EF
TV
DPSUB
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68