Finals Fall Study Sheet

1. What is the difference between absolute location and relative location? A relative

location is the position of something relative to another landmark. For

example, you might say you're 50 miles west of Houston. An absolute

locationdescribes a fixed position that never changes, regardless of your

current location. It is identified by specific coordinates, such as latitude

and longitude.

2.

3. What do latitude lines measure? Which direction are they drawn? What is the 0 degree line?

Latitude measures distance north or south of the Equator (the band of 0

degrees latitude that runs east and west around the middle of the Earth).

Each latitude lineforms an imaginary circle around the Earth. ... All

longitude lines meet at the North and South Poles.

4. What do longitude lines measure? Which direction are they drawn? What is the 0 degree line?

Latitude lines are a numerical way to measure how far north or south of

the equator a place is located. The equator is the starting point for

measuring latitude--that's why

5. What is another world for orientation? What feature on a map helps with orientation? A map is

a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually

drawn on a flat surface. Maps present information about the world in a

simple, visual way. They teach about the world by showing sizes and

shapes of countries, locations of features, and distances between places.

Maps can show distributions of things over the Earth, such as settlement

patterns. They can show exact locations of houses and streets in a

city neighborhood.

6. What is the purpose of a scale on a map? The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on

the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. This simple concept is

complicated by the curvature of the Earth's surface, which forces scale to vary across

a map. Because of this variation, the concept of scale becomes meaningful in two

distinct ways. The first way is the ratio of the size of the generating globe to the size

of the Earth.

7. What is the purpose of contour lines on a map? It is a plane section of the three-

dimensional graph of the function f(x, y) parallel to the x, y plane. In

cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of

equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level.
8. What is distortion? What types of things are distorted on a flat map? The shape of the Earth is

represented as a sphere. It is also modeled more accurately as an oblate spheroid or

an ellipsoid. A globe is a scaled down model of the Earth. Although they can represent

size, shape, distance and directions of the Earth features with reasonable accuracy,

globes are not practical or suitable for many applications.

9. What is the difference between weather and climate? Latest three month average

temperature and precipitation anomalies for the United States.

Thedifference between weather and climate is a measure of

time. Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short

period of time, andclimate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over

relatively long periods of time.

10. What is the purpose of a legend on a map? Map Key or Legend. ... It gives you the

information needed for the map to make sense. Maps often use symbols

or colors to represent things, and the map key explains what they

mean. Map keys are often boxes in the corner of the map, and the

information they give you is essential to understanding the map.

11. Why and where is deforestation occurring? Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the

removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-

forest use

12. What is acid rain and where is it a problem? ACID RAIN forms when

clean rain comes into contact with pollutants in the air, like SULFUR

DIOXIDE (SO2), CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2), and NITROGEN OXIDES

(NOX). ...Acid rain then falls to the Earth where it can damage plants,

animals, soil, water, and building materials.

13. What is the Greenhouse Effect? The greenhouse effect is the process by which

radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a

temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere. If a planet's

atmosphere contains radiatively active gases (i.e., greenhouse gases)

they will radiate energy in all directions.

14. What causes erosion? Soil is not immune to erosion, and like rocks along a

coastline, soil can erode due to the effects of forces, such as water, wind

and farming practices. In this lesson, we will learn about soil erosion and

the factors that cause it. ... Soil creation is a slow process, taking many

years.
15. What is the difference between a political and physical map? A political map focuses on

boundaries between entities, like countries, states or counties. They are

generally brighter colors to easily distinguish the boundaries. ...

Aphysical map focuses on the geography of the area and will often have

shaded relief to show the mountains and valleys.

16. What types of information can be shown on a thematic map? A thematic map is a type

of map specifically designed to "show a particular theme connected with a

specific geographic area.

17. Describe each of the following map projections and state a use for each one A thematic map is

a type of map specifically designed to "show a particular theme connected with a

specific geographic area..

--Mercator:

--Robinson:

--Polar:

17. List three uses of mental maps. In behavioral geography,

a mental map is a person's point-of-view perception of

their area of interaction. Although this kind of subject

matter would seem most likely to be studied by fields in

 the social sciences, this particular subject is most often

studied by modern day geographers. They study it to

determine subjective qualities from the public such as

personal preference and practical uses of geography like

driving directions

18. List three primary sources of information used by cartographers.

19. How was a map of Africa in 1914 different than a map

of Africa today?
20. What was the name of the former communist country that was
composed of Russia and many smaller surrounding countries?

21. Where is the Middle East? western Asia and north-eastern

Africa.

22. Who would call the Sea of Japan “the East Sea”? In his work

"Reise um die Welt in den Jahren" (1812), he wrote,

"People also call thissea area the Sea of Korea,

but because only a small part of this sea touches

theKorean coast, it is better to name it the Sea of

Japan." ... Thus, the Japanese side argues that the

 South Koreans misunderstand the history of the

name.

23. What is another name that has historically been used for Israel?

Israel is a Biblical given name. The

patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel

(Hebrew: ‫י ְִׂש ָראֵ ל‬, Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl;

"Triumphant with God", "who prevails with God")

after he wrestled with an "angel" (Genesis 32:28

and 35:10).

24. What usually happens to temperature at higher elevations (altitudes)?

Altitude or height (sometimes known as depth) is defined

based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry,

geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and

many more).

25. Where do most tornadoes occur? Altitude or height (sometimes

known as depth) is defined based on the context in which it

is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport,

atmospheric pressure, and many more).

26. What do you call a hurricane that occurs in the Pacific Ocean?

Hurricane-level storms that occur in the northern

Atlantic Ocean and northeastPacific

Ocean are called hurricanes, while those in the

Northwest Pacific are calledtyphoons. ... In other

parts of the world, these storms are called severe

tropical cyclones, severe cyclonic storms, and

tropical cyclones.

27. Which sea is shrinking because of a Soviet project in the 1960s to

supply cotton farms with water? The Aral Sea was

an endorheic lake lying

between Kazakhstan (Aktobe and Kyzylorda Regions) in

the north and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan autonomous

region) in the south. The name roughly translates as "Sea

of Islands", referring to over 1,100 islands that once dotted

its waters; in the Turkic languages aral means "island,

archipelago". The Aral Sea drainage basinencompasses

 Uzbekistan and parts of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,

Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Iran.[1]

28. Where are the low latitudes? The middle latitudes? The high

latitudes? This chart shows the arrangement of the

zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Write

in high, middle, and low latitude zones in the

proper order in the Southern Hemisphere.

Remember that the Equator is latitude 0 and the

South Pole is latitude 90. Find the 180th meridian

on your globe.

29. List three things that cause pollution. global environmental

change happen through a subset of proximate

causes, which directly alter aspects of the

environment in ways that have global effects.

30. What is the purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

The Power of Mapping. A geographic information

system (GIS) lets us visualize, question, analyze,

and interpret data to understand relationships,

 patterns, and trends. ... There is a growing interest

in and awareness of the economic and strategic

value of GIS.

31. Which countries are fighting over Kashmir? The Kashmir

conflict is a territorial conflict primarily

between Indiaand Pakistan, having started just after

the partition of India in 1947

32. What is another name used for the island of Taiwan? Taiwan,

formerly known as Formosa,[b] is an island in East Asia;

located some 180 kilometres (112 miles) off the

southeastern coast of mainland China across the Taiwan

Strait. It has an area of 35,883 km2(13,855 sq mi) and

spans the Tropic of Cancer.

33. Describe the key differences between maps of Europe before and

after World War II.

34. What changed on the map of Europe when the Cold War ended

around 1990?
35. Which river provides water to parts of California, Arizona,

and Nevada?

36. A scale might include the following representation—1:1,000. What

might this mean?