Julian Duran UIN:673300861 EMC Final Project Prof.

Erricolo, ECE 423

This brief reports explains the paper developed by S. Deng, T. Hubing and D. Beetner on Estimating
Maximum Radiated Emissions From PCB with an Attached Cable. It will also attempt to compare
the estimated results obtained using the developed equations with a full wave FDTD simulator
(SEMCAD X light v14.6).

In order to estimate the maximum radiated emissions, it is necessary to model the board-source-cable
geometry. One can either employ full wave techniques, which require lots of computational power and
take long amounts of time to implement, or use closed form equations, that can be crude but provide an
efficient and quick way to predict the maximum radiation from such geometries. The accuracy of these
closed form equations will be evaluated using full wave simulators.

The simplified structure of the geometry in question is shown below:

These differential mode (DM) currents from heatsinks, traces and IC's couple to the cables on a PCB
and induce common mode currents (CM) that radiate electric fields and can act like antennas. The
above geometry can be approximated further and modeled as a quarter wave monopole antenna over an
infinite ground plane. Applying the equations of a monopole antenna, one can develop closed form
equations that can be used to quickly estimate maximum radiated fields from these cables.

Below is the geometry of the system to be analyzed. This is essentially a monopole with the board atop
the antenna(cable) on the emissions will be evaluated for the EMC standard of 3m.

The radiated field strength is given by:

where I0 is the maximum current of the

voltage source, r is the distance(3m),
k=2*pi/lambda, l is the monopole length
(1m) ,theta is the zenith angle and n0 is
the impedance of freespace (120*pi).
Julian Duran UIN:673300861 EMC Final Project Prof. Erricolo, ECE 423

Therefore this is equal to:

The maximum value of the angle theta is

when l=1m and f=500MHz is 2.76.
The maximum current is when the
radiation resistance equal 37ohms =
0.027A

A MATLAB algorithm that takes into account the cable radiation factor and the board size factor was
developed by the original authors of the paper in question.

Below is a model of the geometry using SEMCAD X Light

Julian Duran UIN:673300861 EMC Final Project Prof. Erricolo, ECE 423

Comparing the estimated results to the simulations done in SEMCAD X Light Version 14.6

Figure 1:

Maximum Electric Field radiation for various board sizes

140

120

SEMCAD
100
5x5cm2
Maximum E field(dBuV/m)

SEMCAD
80 7x1cm2
MATLAB
estimated
60 results

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Frequency (MHz)

The estimated results obtained using closed form equations are relatively close the simulations
performed in a full wave simulator (SEMCAD X Light v14.6). The simulated results never go above
the maximum estimated values, therefore making an efficient manner to quickly calculate and have an
idea of radiated emission in PCB-cable configurations.
Julian Duran UIN:673300861 EMC Final Project Prof. Erricolo, ECE 423

Figure 2:

Maximum radiation for a 50cm^2 board and 70cm x 10cm board

140

120

100
Maximum E field (dBuV/m)

80 SEMCAD X

MATLAB
60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Frequency (MHz)

For bigger board configurations the simulated results appear to be very offset from the estimated values
using closed form equations. Nevertheless they never go above the estimated results, thus indicating
that the values obtain using closed form equations provide a good conservative estimation.
%Julian Duran EMC Final Project
%Figure 1: Maximum radiation for a 5cm square board & 7cmx1cm rectangular
%board(1m cable)
%The following MATLAB code estimates the maximum radiated electric field
%for a board-source-cable model by comparing such a system to a monopole
%antenna. These estimates provide a useful and rapid way in predicting
%maximum radiated electric fields at a defined distance, usually 3m as
%determined by standards in EMC tests.
%Further explanation can be found in the paper submitted by S. Deng, T.
%Hubbing and D. Beetner on IEEEXplore: Estimating Maximum Radiated
%Emissions From Printed Circuit Boards With an Attached Cable.

%clear the workspace

clc
clear all
%initialize constants
Vcm=1;%Common Mode voltage
E_max=1.49*Vcm;%Maximum radiated field is a function of wavelength, impedance of fr
%and max current due to Vcm. For maximum current in a monopole, the
%radiation resistance(R) equals 37ohms. Therefore Vcm/37=0.027A; the
%maximum f(theta,k) where k=2pi/lambda is at maximum frequency(500MHz)is
%2.76, bringing E_max=0.027*20*2.76*Vcm = 1.49*Vcm
c=3e8;%speed of light
l_cable=1;%length of cable in meters
l_board=7.07e-2;%length of board in meters(diagonal length)
f=linspace(0,500e6,10000);%define a frequency range to evaluate; more points
%give better resolution, but more computation
lambda=c./f';%wavelength vector as a function of frequency
Beta=(2*pi)./lambda;
%Boundary conditions:
%the following for loop will evaluate if the size of the cable is less than
%a quarter wavelength then cable factor is 1, otherwise calculate the cable
%factor as a function of the wavelength for each frequency in the range.
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
cable_rad_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_cable);
if l_cable>lambda(i)/4;
cable_rad_factor(i)=1;
end
end
%Same conditions are analyzed for the length of the board
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
board_size_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_board);
if l_board>lambda(i)/4;
board_size_factor(i)=1;
end
end
%The maximum radiation is calculated according to the parameters set by the
%length of the cable and board, which are the limiting factors in how much
%will the board-source-cable(monopole antenna model) will radiate.
E=abs(E_max.*cable_rad_factor.*board_size_factor);
E_dbuV=20.*log10(E./1e-6);%The electric field in dBuV/m
plot(f/1e6,E_dbuV)%a plot of the maximum electric field is generated for the freque
xlabel('Frequency (MHz)');
ylabel('Maximum E field (dBuV/m)');
title('Maximum Radiated E field for a 5cm^2/7cmx1cm board (1m cable)');
grid on

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Published with MATLAB® 7.11

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%Figure 2: Maximum radiation for a 50cm square board & 70cm x 10cm
%rectangular board (1m cable)
%initialize constants
clc
clear all
Vcm=1;%Common Mode voltage
E_max=1.49*Vcm;%Maximum radiated field due to Vcm
c=3e8;%speed of light
l_cable=1;%length of cable in meters
l_board=7.07e-1;%length of board in meters
f=linspace(0,500e6,10000);%define frequency range
lambda=c./f';%wavelength vector as a function of frequency
Beta=(2*pi)./lambda;
%boundary conditions
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
cable_rad_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_cable);
if l_cable>lambda(i)/4;
cable_rad_factor(i)=1;
end
end
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
board_size_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_board);
if l_board>lambda(i)/4;
board_size_factor(i)=1;
end
end
E=abs(E_max.*cable_rad_factor.*board_size_factor);
E_dbuV=20.*log10(E./1e-6);
plot(f/1e6,E_dbuV)
xlabel('Frequency (MHz)');
ylabel('Maximum E field (dBuV/m)');
title('Maximum Radiated E field for a 50cm^2/70cmx10cm board (1m cable)');
grid on

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Published with MATLAB® 7.11

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%Figure 3: Maximum radiation for a 50cm square board with a potion of the
%cable parallel to ground.
%This is done to demonstrate that the maximum
%radiation is insensitive to the total cable length or orientation. The
%parameters that matter are the vertical distance and the maximum current
%given by the radiation of the board and cable configuration.
%initialize constants
clc
clear all
Vcm=1;%Common Mode voltage
E_max=1.49*Vcm;%Maximum radiated field due to Vcm
c=3e8;%speed of light
l_cable=1;%length of cable in meters(.5m parallel to ground)
l_board=7.07e-1;%length of board in meters(diagonal distance)
f=linspace(0,500e6,10000);%define frequency range
lambda=c./f';%wavelength vector as a function of frequency
Beta=(2*pi)./lambda;
%boundary conditions
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
cable_rad_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_cable);
if l_cable>lambda(i)/4;
cable_rad_factor(i)=1;
end
end
for i=1:size(lambda,1)
board_size_factor(i)=sin(Beta(i).*l_board);
if l_board>lambda(i)/4;
board_size_factor(i)=1;
end
end
E=abs(E_max.*cable_rad_factor.*board_size_factor);
E_dbuV=20.*log10(E./1e-6);
plot(f/1e6,E_dbuV)
xlabel('Frequency (MHz)');
ylabel('Maximum E field (dBuV/m)');
title('Maximum Radiated E field for a 50cm^2 (1.5m effective cable length)');
grid on

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Published with MATLAB® 7.11