Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
' t
mm
m
VOLUME I
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Bt EXPLORATION OF SOIL CONDITIONS AND SAMPLING OPERATIONS
Page
B-1 Exploration of Soil Conditions and Sampling Operations. Submitted by Laboratory of
Soil Mechanics, Delft (Netherlands)
B-:2 Sampling and Testing Undisturbed Sands from Boreholes, J, P, van Bruggen
(Netherlands)
B-3 · Short Description of a Field-Testing Method with Coneshaped Sounding Apparatus.
p, Barentsen (lletherlands) 7-10
B-4 E>oploraticn of Soil Conditions and Sampling Operations. WilliamS, Hanna (Egypt) lQ-ll
(Seation E Continued)
Determination of Stresses Within a Two Dimensional Elastic and Isotropic Earth
Mass, D, P, Krynino (U,S,A,)
E-5 Studies of Soil Pressures and Soil Deformations by Means of a Centrifuge.
G, I, Pokrovsky and I, s, Fedorov (USSR)
I J-2
Surface Load, M, G, Spangler (u,s,A,)
The Correlation of Soil Mechanics Studies with the Design and Construction of
Retaining Walls, Robart F, Lsgget (Canada)
...._.
200-207
207-211
J-3 Distribution of the Lateral Pressure of Sand on the Timbering of Cuts, Karl v,
Terzaghi (Austria) 211-215
J-4 Effect of the Type of Drainage of Retaining lTalls on the Earth Pressure, Karl
v, Terzaghi (Austria) 215-218
J-5 A Fundamental Fallacy in Earth Pressure Computations, Karl v. Terzaghi (Submitted as a re-
Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, print and enclosed
April, 1936. with this volume)
Section M:
METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS FOR Et!GI!lEERING PUR- No
POSES, INCLUDING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING .AllD COMPACTING EARTH FILLS
Page
M-1 A New Method of Impe~eabilizing and Improving the Physical Properties of Pervious Me
Subsoils by Injecting Bituminous Emulsions. J. Ph, Pfeiffer (Netherlands) 263-266 t.
M-2 Earth Embanlanents for the Pickwick Landing Dam, c. M. Weston (u.s.A,) 266-273 oh
,_,, 00
:'"..'
11-3 Electrochemical Hardening of Clay Soils. K, Endell and U. Hoffmann{Germany) 273-275 '~; of
of
~eotion N: MODERN METHODS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIOlT OF FOUliDATIONS Zl,, di
Il-l Foundation for the Palace of the Soviets: Designing a rigid Heavy Foundation on Com-
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.me
'
presaible Uaterials through the Use of Soil Meoluinios, Carlton S, 1'rootor (u,s,A,) 276-278 ;,
N-2 Foundations of the New Telephone Building, Albany, New York, George W, Glick (u,s,A,) 278-284 i
N-3 Some Features .in Connection with the Foundatton of Svir 3 Hydro-Electric Power . ge
Development. Prof, H, Graftio, Leningrad, in collaboration with Vattenbyggnadsbyran,
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f en
VBB, Stockholm (Sweden) . 284·290
bs
N-4 A Special Foundation Method for. Bridge Piers, Adopted in Danish fjords. Pro£,
Anker Engelund (Denmark) r Me
N-5 The Floating Foundation of the New Building for the National Lottery of Mexico: An
291-294
r B
th
Actual Size Study of the Deformations of a Flocculent-structured deep Soil by
Jos6 A, Cuevas {Mexico) 294-301
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Section Z: MISCELWTEOUS
Tl1
Z-1 Soil Mechanics as a Practical Science, William P, Kimball (u.s.A,) 302-306 u~
Z-2 Note on the Physical Characteristics of Mud from the Entrance Bar of the Yangtze
River. Herbert Chatley (China)
I ti
Z-3 Stress Distribution in Dry and in Saturated Sand Above a Yielding Trap-Door, Karl
306-307
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v, Terzaghi (Austria) 307-311 tr
I ai
Z-4 Investigation or the Bearing-Power of the Subsoil (Especially Moraine) with 25 x 25 mm
Pointed Drill Weighted with 100 kg without Samples, O, Godskesen (Denmark) 3n~:n4 .,l ec
Z·;i Soil Studies for the StorstrOJd Bridge, Denmark, A, E, Bretting (Denmark) 314-327
~ bE
sl
AUTHOR INDEX
Tl'
Andrews C~3 Freeman C-2 Proctor N-1
Barentsen B~3 Garsavanoff D-1~ Ra.es H-1
£i
Relton fx
Biemond F-9 Glick N-2 E-2 of
Boonstra I-2 Graftio N-3 Ringe ling F-8 '! pe
Bretting Z-5 Hanna B-4,C-l,F-l Royer L-2 ,:
Brinkhorst F-10 Hennes G-2 Samsioe D-3 pc
Brookman G-5 Hoffmann D-6,M-3 Smith B·5,D-2
van Bruggen B-2 Kansohin H-2 Spangler J-l,L-3 i:-
fl
Buiaman F-7 ,o-5 Kimball F•4,Z-l Stanton B-6 8(
van aer Brught D-5 Krynine E-3 ,E-4,F-6 Stevens K-1 dl
Chatley Z-2 Ledesrne. F-11 Stokstad K-6
Converse F-2 Leg get J-2 Taylor o-4
Cooling \ol
B-5,D-2 Middlebrooks G-3 Terzaghi D-7 ,G-6 ,G-7
Cuevas N-5 Morton L-4,L-5 J-3' J-4. J-? O<
Cuper as B-7 Nord F~5,F-6 Z•3 tl
Dawson F-3 Osta.shev K-4 Taahebotareff D-l,E-l,F-1
Endell D-6,M-3 Pfeiffer M·l Vaidhianathan ri-4
Engel\Uld N-4 Plutalow H-2 Vattenbyggnadsbyran N-3
Faber I-3 Pokrovsky E-5 Vreedenburgh K-l,K-2
Fedorov E-5 Porter L-1 Wang Yen G-1
Franx H-3 \'Ieaton M-2
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
VOLUME II
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
TABLE. OF CONTENTS
A.25 The Soil Mechanics Laboratory at Harvard University. P, c, Rutledge. (u.s.A,). 8!j.97
IV
E-6 A Rational Method for the Determination of the Vertical Normal Stresses under
Foundations, W, Steinbrenner, {Austria). 142-143
E-7 A Method of Representing the Distribution of Stress in Ground, Charles Fischer.
{Austria), 144.
E-8 Influence of Rigidity of a Circular Foundation Slab on the Distribution of Pressures
I
over the Conte.ot Surfe.ae, Hubert Bororrioka. (Austria), · 144-149 J
E-9 The Measurement of Soil Pressures on the ·Lining of the Midto\m Hudson Tunnel, G. }.!,
Re.pp and A. H. Baker. (u.s.A.), . · 150-l% .,'I
E-10 Stress Distribution in Ele.stio Solids, Hamilton Gray, (U,S,A,), 157-168 ·;
E-ll Correlation of Surfe.oe Loading ~eats with Unoonfined Compression Tests for Cohesive
Soils, Austin B, Mason, (u.s.• A. ), '169-173
F-12 Settlement Reoords ond Loading Data for Various Buildings Ereoted by the Public Vlorks
Departmsnt, Munioipe.l Council, Shanghai. N, V{, B•. Clarke and J, B. Watson. (Chine.),· 174-185
F-13 Foundation Date.. J, A. Favrot. (Chine.). 185-186
F-14 FoUndation Soil Testing and Settlement Measuring, Charles Fisoher. (Austria), 186-191 ·I
F-15 Securing e. Vienna Tenement House against Injurious Settlement by Reducing the Soil
Pressure and Draining the Underground, R. Tillme.nn. (Austria), 191-193
I-4 Pile Driving &nd Test-loading Records. N. W, B. Clarke and J, B. Watson, (China),
I-5 Lae.d Test on a Wood Pile DriVen into the Ground, R. Tillmann, (Austria),
I-6 Pile· Loading Tests, Bonnet Carre Floodway, J, P. Dean and J. C. Baehr. (u.s.A.),
J-6 Relation betvreen Relative Density and Earth Pressure, Hans Petermann. (GerDlBJlO')•
L-7 Observations of the Texas State Highway Department on the Subsequent Effects of the
Vniformity and the Non-Uniformity of Foundation Soil-Types on Pavements; and also the
Effects of Uniformity and Non-Uniformity of Uoisture Content Fluotuatione in Soil
Foundations of High Volumetric Change, Henry c. Porter, (u.s.A,),
L-8 Progress Report on an Investigation of Frost Action in Soils. A. Mackintosh.
(u.s.A.)·
Seotion M1 METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS FOR .ENGINEERING
PURPOSES, INCLUDING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Ill COJ!STRUCTING AND COMPACTING
EARTH FILLS
M-4 Soil Consolidation Vlorks Effected near Elne, France on a Bridge over the Tach River,
P. Baohy. (Fronoe),
N-6 The Failure of Bridge Piers due to Scour. Karl v •. Terzaghi, (Austria), 264
N-7 Concrete Filled Steel Cylinders for Foundations. Harry T. Immerman, (u.s.A.), 264-267
N-8 Foundations of 40Wall St., New York City, Harry T, Immerman. (U.s.A,)", 267-'2:72
N-9 Cofferdams, Lazarus White. (U, S.A.), .272-'2:79
Section Z 1 MIS!lELLANEOUS
Abele££
Andreae
z-6
A-l
AUTHOR
Froehlich
Gilboy
Z-10
Z-19
INDEX
Pars oris
Petermann
D-13
J-6
I
I
Bachy M-4 Godskesen A-ll Phillipe Z-18
Baehr I-6 Gr.., D-14, E-10 Poge.ny Z-13
Be.ker E-9 Hartman A-8 Pokrowski Z-9
Barkan Z-8, Z-9 Hogentog1er A-15 Porter L-7
Begeme.nn
llorowioka
A-21
E-8
Housel
Hvorslev
A-6, A-15
D-ll
Re.pp
Rutledge
E-9
A-25, c-6
I
Bou1ichev A-10 !Jmnerman 11-7 ,11-B,Z-ll Small Z-17 1
z-16
~
Buchanan A-23 JOky a-9, Steinbrenner E-6
Buisson D-10 Jenkins A-7 Ter-Stepanie.n D-8
Burmister A-13 JUrgenson G-8, Z-21 Terzaghi N-6, z-20 'I
Crandall H-6 Kimball A-16 Tillma.nn C-5, F-15, I-5
Clarke F-12, I-1+ Kjellme.n A-4 Vaughan A-14
Cox Z-12 Kne.ppen Z-18 Ylarlam D-12 J
Dean I-6 Krynine A-5 Watson F-12, I-4
Dora Z-15 Langer D-9 White N-9
Fe.vret F-13 Lozovsky H-4, H-5 Winsor Z-14
Fehlms.nn B-8 Mackintosh L-8 Yamaguti A-12 ,l
Fischer E-7, F-14 Mason E-ll
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ADDRESSES
Opening Remarks. A, Casagrande. (U.S.A,), ll
Address of Welcome. James B, Conant. (U,S,A,), ll-12
Relation Betvreen So.il Mechanics ani! Foundation Engineering, Karl v. Terzaghi.
(Aus~ria), · · · 13-18
Address. DanielE, Moran. (u,s,A,), 18-19
Soil Study and Engineering. F, E. Schmitt, (u,s,A,), 19-21
Farewell Address. A, Agatz. (Geme.ny), 21-22
Closing Address of the President. Karl v. Terze.ghi, (Austria). 22-23
Page
D-23 Discussion of Paper o..6 (Blf l<>tter), The Chemical Nature of Clays,
H, F. Winterkorn, (u,s,A,)
D-24 Discussion (By l<>tter), Apparatus for Testing Soils in Compaoted State,
c. A, Hogentogler, Jr. (u,s,A,),
D-2!i Discussion (By l<>tter); Permeability Device for Undisturbed San<) Srunples,
Joseph Szily, (Hungary),
D-26 ·Discussion (By Lotter), liO\'I' Apparatus for Volumetric Determination of Carbonates
and Water Contents in Soils, le.dislav C, Smolik, (Czechoslovakia), 47-48
D-27 Discussion (By l<>tter), Relation Between Void Ratio and Effective Principal
Stresses for a Remculded, Silty Clay, l<>o Rendulic, (Germany),
D-28 Discussion (By Letter), Conditions of Failure for Remoulded Cohesive Soils.
M, Juul Hvorslev, (Austria),
D-34 Discussion (By Letter), The Determination of the Pre~Consclidation Load and
Its Practical Significance. Arthur Casagrande, (U,S,A,),
Page
F-22 Disaussion on the 1~vements of the Piers of the Mississippi River Bridge 1
Paper llo, F-4, Kal'l v. Tarzaghi, (Austria), and William P. Kimball. \U.S,A,) 96-98
F-23 Discussion of Paper F-4 (By Letter). Settlement Records of the Mississippi River
Bridge at New O,leans, William P, Kimball, (u.s.A,), 98-99
F-24 Discussion, Vlillirun S, Housel, (U,S,A,), 99-101
F-25 Discussion on Paper .llo, F-8. (By Latter). 14>uriae Buisson. (Fre.naa), 101
F-26 Discussion (By Letter). Soil Testing and Observation in the Design and
Construotion of Rotundan-Bridge Across the Danube River in Vienna. Charles
Fisch.er, (Austria),
F-27 Discussion of Paper No, F-6 (By Lotter), Thomas A, Middlebrooks, (U,S,A,),
G-16 Disousoion, Notes on the Stability of Slopes, Donald \'1, Taylor, (U,S,A,), 118-122
G-17 Discussion (By Latter), Two Examplos Concerning Underground Sliding Caused by
Construction of Embankments and Statio Investigations of the Effectiveness of
11easures Provided to Assure their Stability, Ernst von Gottetaia, ( Get'!llallY) • 122-128
G-18 Discussion of Paper No. G-3 (By Latter), Arshng G, Solakian, (U,S,A,) 128-129
H-16 DiooUBsion of Paper No, H-5 (By Lotte>·), Dimitri P, Krynine, (u.s.A,),
H-17 Discussion of Paper No, H-2 (By Letter), Calculation of Piles Aocording to the
Theory of the Longitudinal Flow, B,. B, Kretschmer. (USSR),
H-18 Report on Special Meeting of the Committee on Bearing Value of Pile Foundations,
Waterways Division, .American Society of Civil Engineers,
Page
Section Lo SOIL PROBLEMS Ill HIGHYIAY E!IGI!IEERI!IG INCLUDING FROST ACTIO!!
Ill SOILS
L-9 Opening Discussion, Soils for Highway Uses, C, A, Hogentogler. (U,S,A,), 167~168
L-11 Discussion, 1ruck Settlement Under High>;ay Fills. Earl F. Bennett. (U,S,A,), 169-170
L-12 Discussion (By Letter), Effect of' Freezing a.nd Thawing of Soil-under
Foundations of Cold Storage Warehouse, E, A, Dockstader, (U,S,A,), 171-173
11-10 l'he Foundations of the San Franoisoo-Oakla.nd Bay Bridge, Carlton S, Proctor.
(u.s.A,) 18:?-193
N-11 Foundation of' Modern Bridges in Delllllllrk. Aage E, Bretting. (Dell!Ml.rk) • 193-201
Section Zo MISCELLANEOUS
Z-23 Discussion of Paper No, N-6 (By Lotter), Irving B, Crosby, (U,S,A,), 238-2:?9
z~26 Discussion of' Paper No. Z-17 (By Letter), Proposed !lew Boston Building
Code. Karl v. Terzaghi. (Austria),
Z..'Z{ A Preliminary Investigation into the Subject of Foundations in the
'Blaok Cotton' and 'Kyatti' Soils of the Mandalay District, Burma.
D. Wooltorton, (India),
ON
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.ROTTERDAM
JUNE 21 TO 30 • 1948
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VOLUME I
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TABLE OF OONTEN~S
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IIIb 5 Testing of the elasticity and stress property of rock soil, F; ·aornlimann
(Switzerland) _
IIIb 6 ·construction and method-of operating of a new deepsounding apparatus,
G, Plahtema (Netherlands) - 277
IIIb 7 Improved sounding apparatus, as developed in Holland since 19?6.
J, Vermeiden· (Netherlands) . · 280
Sub-section III o .I MEASUREMENTS OF PRESSURES AND DEFORMATIONS
nrc 1 Experience gained in the measurement of pore pressures in a dam-and its foundation.
M,G, Speedie (Australia) · - _ . . 287
IIIc 2 Some results of water pressure measurements in clay layers, E, de Beer and
H. Raedschelders (Belgium) _ 2~
III<> :? Loading tests on clay, s. Odenstad (Sweden) 299
IIIc 4 Measurement of pore water pressure, T,K, Huizinga (Netherlands) :?03
. r±rc 5 An electrically operating pore water pressure cell, R,G, Boiten and G, Plantema
(Netherlands) .
Sub-section II-I d : VIBRATION RESEARCH
IIId l The resonance· ot·machine foundations and the soil coefficients whioh effect it,
G,_p, Tschebotarioff and E,R, Ward (u,S,A,) :?09
Sub-section III e AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHING
IIIe l The determination of soil conditions by aerial photographic analysis.
D,J, Belcher ·(u,s·,A,) __
IIIe 2 Correlation between permafrost and. soils as indicated by aerial photographs,
K,B, Woods, J,E, Hittle and R,E, Frost (U,S,A,) ?21
IIIe :? Aerial photographs used for an engineering evaluation of soil materiels,
R,E, Frost and K;B, Woods (U,S,A,)
Sub-section III g MISOELLAIIEOUB
IIIg l The permafrost investigations in arctic and subarctic regions, W,K, Wilson (U,S,A,) 330
I
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(., PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
f l ON
.'I'l:•I·'1 .
ROTTERDAM
·JUNE 21 TO 30 • 1948
VOLUME II
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j
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·1~
>;<
.,.___ •• ..
TABLE OF CONTENTS
V 0 L U ME II
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_¥\:-
Page
VIIIb. 2 A procedure for evaluating the influence of the moisture of the subgrade· ~ii: the
thickness required for flexible pavements of airfields, H, Loxton, H,Y, Beavis
·and U,D, McNicholl (U.S.A,) 218
VIIIb 3:Pavement evaluation by loading tests at Naval and Marine Corps Air Station.
L.A. Palmer and J ,B, Thompson (U.S.A,) 2 22
,-Sub-section VIIIc: METHODS OF RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN.
VIIIc 1 Stresses under pavements, Computation of traffic stresses in a simple road struct-.
ure, L. Fox (England) . · 236
VIIIc 2 Principle on concrete runway design. C,E, Docker and J ,H, llcFeeters (England) l046
Sub-section VIIId; DESIGN AND OONSTRUCTION OF SOME ROADS AND AIRFIELDS
VIIId 1 Soil mechanics investigations for the design of the runways at the Kloten
field. F, Germann and IV, Eng (Switzerland)
air-
257
VIIId 2 An example of concrete runway design.with critical comments. C,E, Docker and !
J ,N, McFeeters (England)
~
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
ROTTERDAM
JUNE al TO 30 - 1948
\
VOLUME Ill
. ,·...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
)
V 0 L U ME III
ON
ROTTERDAM
JUNE 21 TO 30 - 1948 ·
VOLUME IV
TA BL E 0 J C0 NTENTB
V 0 L U ME IV
SECTION VI I FOUNDATION PRESSURE AND SETTLa!ENTS OF BUILDINGS 0!! FOOTINGS !!!D RAFTS
Sub-section VIa 1 J.!E!SUREIU!NTS OF SETTI.l!MENTS AND COIIPARISON WITH THECRI Page
VIa 1~ Settlement observations on a large water tank, Salt Lake City, Utah,·
O.K. Peck and R.B, Peck (u.s.A,) 1
VIa 14 Settlement of foundations due to saturation of loeee subeoil. O.K. Peck
and R,B, Peck(U,S,!,) 4
VIa 15 The foundation problems of the piere of the Little Belt Bridge, A. Jeppesen
(Dellll!ark) 5
VIa 16 Settlement measurements in the region of the .landelide of Zug, (Switzerland)
A. von Moos (Switzerland) 9
VIa 17 Building settlement observations in S~o Paulo. M. Vargas (Brazil) 1~
VIa 18 The foundation of the Rotunda Bridge in Vienna. K, Fischer (Austria) 22
VIa 19 Praseure - settlings - measurements with trial plates and piles of various
eizes. L, Bendel (Switzerland) 28
VIa 20 Foundation· of tank O,C,B,-9 at Alemoa Santos (Brazil). A.J. Costa Nunes
(Brazil) ~1
VIa 21 Discussion of assumptions pertaining to stress analyses for eettlement
computation purposes, R,E, Fadum (U.S,!,) 40
Sub-section VIc 1 INFLUENCE OF GROUNDWATER
VIc 2 Water-dame (obeervation in nature). L. Bendel (Switzerland) 45
Vlc ~ Water-dame (model-trials). L, Bendel (Switzerland) 47
Sub-section VId 1 SPECIAL PROBLEIIS IN FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
VId 6 Stability of foundations on permanently frozen ground. H, Carlson (U.S.A,) 51
VId 7 Engineering in permafrost in Canada's Mackenzie Valley, R,A. Hemstock
(Canada) 62
VId 8 Foundation conditions in the Edmonton area. R.W. Hardy (Canada) 65
VId 9 Foundations in downtown S~o Paulo (Brazil),. L. Rios and F, Pacheco Silva
(Brazil) . 69
VId 10 Foundations for maete of stevedore training ship. L.F. Rader (U.S,A,) 72
VId 11 Deformation of brickworke due to the sinking of foundation. F, Zalewski and
A. P6g6ny (Poland) 75
VId 12 A problem of foundation on loamy soil in subtropical countries. H, Neumann
end M. Poloneky (Paleetine) 78
VId 13 Problem of constructing foundations in mining districte •. Construction of a
new electric power•plant in Jaworzno. (Silezia) F. Zalewski (Poland) 82
ON
ROTTERDAM
JUNE 21 TO 30 - 1948
VOLUME V
T AB1 E 0 F C0 NTE NT S
VOLUME V
8
land)
The extreme inclination of slopes with groundwater passing through them,
12
.I
W,Bernatzik (Austria) 19 II
9 Sliding surfaces and stability calculations for soil masses of culvilinear pro- I
181
/.
I
11 Runway strength, Correlation between the distribution of stresses in the soil
derkvod from: 1) the C,E.R, method of the determination of runway thickness;
I
I
2) the theory of Boussineaq (Summary), R, de l'Hortet (France) 185
Sub-section VIIIe: INVESTIGATIONS ON FAILURES, DRAINAGE AND FROST ACTION
I
7 Sub-drainage problems in highway construction as related to Geology and Soil
Mechanics, J ,D. Mclleal (u.s.A.) . 186
8 Corrugation of desert roads (Summary), A,Msyer and M.Guilbert (France) 189
Sub-section VIIIf: MISCELLANEOUS
4 Classification of soils for airport construction. H.Aaron (U,S,A,) 190
5 Relation of density and sheer strength to the classification of highway sub-
grade and flexible base materials, C,McDowell (U.S.A.)· 194
6 Environmental factors 8ffecting thb strength of subgrades, F,R, Olmstead and
E,A, Willis (U,S,A,) 197
7 The preparation of subgrades of compacted soils for paving of structures.
R.R. Proctor (u.s.A.) 201
8 Trafficability of soils stuaies, G,B. Schoolcraft, W,K, Boyd and C,R, Foster
(u.s.A.) 206
SEC'?ION IX : H:PctOVE:c.EN'r OF TEE 1illCHAliiCAL P~OPE~TBS OF JOIL
Sub-sectio~ IXa: G;;NERAI COliSIDE«A'riONS Page
IXal Soil stabilization. H.F. Winterkorn (U.S.A.)
209
Bub-section IXb: MEC!IA.'UCAI METEODS
IXb 10 Subgrade compaction tests with heavy rollers. B.J. Johnson and A.A. Maxwell.
(U.S.A.) , 216
IXb 11 The relat~onship between the foot poUnds per cubic foot of compactive effort
and the shear strength of the compacted soils. R.R. Proctor (U.S.A.) 219
IXb 12 Relationship between the foot pounds per cubic foot of cornpactive effort to
soil density and subsequent consolidation under various loadings. R.R.Proctor
(u.s.A.) 223
IXb 13 A comparison of the physical properties of an alluvial silt compacted by field
~d laboratory methods. L.A. Dubose (u.s.A.) 227
IXb 14 The relationship between the foot pounds per cubic foot of compactive effort
expended in the laboratory compaction of soils and the required compactive ef-
forts to secure similar results with sheepsfoot rollers. tt.R. Proctor (U.B.A.) 231
IXb 15 Field compaction tests. VI.J. Turnbull and G. McFadden (U.o.A.) 235
IXb 16 Air entrainment in compacted earth embankment. C.F. Heisel~an (U.S.A.) 239
IXb 17 Laboratory soil compaction methods, penetration resistance measurements and the
indicated saturated penetration resistance. R.R. Proctor (u.s.A.) 242
Sub-section IXc: PHYSICO-CEEMICAL METHODS
IXc 7 Pressure subsurface grouting on the New York Central System West of Buffalo.
IV.T, Johnston (u.s.A.) 248
IXc 8 Stabilization ~th cutback asphalt of 42 kilometers of the natural surface soil
of the ~erlja Highway in Venezuela. E.V. Barrett (Venezuela) 251
IXc 9 An interesting Belgian realization of "Clay-concrete". M. Thuilleaux (France) 256
IXc 10 Improvement of highway subgrades and flexible bases by the use of hydrateQ
lime. c.McDowell and VI.H, Moore (U.S,A.) . 260
IXc 11 The control of cement injections by means of bore cores. 1'1. Bernatzik (Austrie) 267
IXc 12 <ules governing the use of soil-concrete (Summary). M. Sindzingre (France) 268
I:xc 13 Drainage and stabilization of the soil surrounding a tunnel of the Paris Under-
ground Railway, by means of systematic injections of chemical products under
pressure, in presence of selenitic ground-water (Summary). M.F. Noblet (France) 269
IXc 14 Disadvantages presented by injections of cl~y suspensions (oummary). M. Poisson
(France) · . 270
l:xc 15 The Lac Noir Dam, consolidation and waterproofinrr (Bummary). Entreprise de Fon-
dations et Travaux Hydrauliques (France) 270
IXc 16 Clay-cement mixtures in soil injection (Summary). Soci~t~ de Sondages, Injec-
tions, Forages (France) 272
Sub-section IXd 1 PHYSICAl II>ETHODS
IXd 2 Vertical sand drains as a means of foundation consolidation and accelerating
settlement of embankments on marsh land. T. E. Stanton (u.s.A.) 273
IXd 3 Treatment of plastic clay with electric current (Summary). M. Poisson (France) 279
ON
ROTTERDAM
JUNE 21 TO 30 - 1948
VOLUME VI
313
CONTENTS 0 F V 0 L U ME VI
Page
·eport on the activities of the Second International Conference on Soil
, and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam.June 21 to 30 1948.
Huizinga. Secretary. 1
report. Ir. w.c. van Mierlo, Treasurer 8
AT Tllg OPENING SESSION, TUESDAY JUNE 22, IN THE CITY THEATRE, HO'rTERDAM
.ddress by Ir. J.P. van Bruggen. 9
Opening by Dr. Ir. W.J.H. Harmsen. 10
.ddress by Prof. K. ·Terzaghi, 11
:TING OF THE CONFERENCE 15
AT THE OFFICIAL CLOSING OF THE CONFERENCE
.ddress by Prof. K. Terzaghi. 17
.ddress by Ir. J ,p, van Bruggen. 18
t the Farewell Dinner by Prof, K•.Terzaghi. 19
ON SOME DUTCH ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
ng of the gaps in the Walcheren dikes. Prof. Ir. P.Ph. Jansen 20
ruction of the Rotterdam Harbour. Ir. D.H, de Herder 24
lization of railroad embanlanents near Gouda •.rr. ·J .L.A. Cuperus 29
ruction of the Maastunnel at Rotterdam. Ir, J ,p, van Bruggen 37
truction on soft subsoils. Ir, H,A.M,C, Dibbits 42
gy of the Netherlands in connection with Soil Mechanics. Ir. T.K, Huizinga 45
page
Sub-section IIa: GENERAL
IIa5 Discussion (by letter) of paper IIa 10. R.G. Hennes (U.S.A.) 78
IIa6 Discussion on characteristics of soils. A. Lazard (France) 78
na·7 Standarizatio'n of conventional tests. W. Schaad and L. Bjerrum (Switzerland) 79
Sub-section IIbl IDENTIFICATION TESTS
IIb 7 Discussion. J,J, Kolbuszewski (England) 80
IIb 8 Written discussion on paper .Jib 4-. P. Baumann (U.S.A,) 80
Sub-section IIc: CONSOLIDATION TESTS
IIc 3 Written discussion on paper IIc 4-, R.G. Hennes (U.S.A,) 81
Sub-section IIdl TRIAXIAL TESTS
IId 16 Discussion, H,Q, Golder (England) 81
IId 17 Discussion. A.W. Skempton (England) 82
IId 18 Discussion. E.c.w.A, Geuze (Netherlands) 83
IId 19 Discussion. D,W. Taylor (U,S,A,) 83
IId 20 Discussion (by .letter) on paper IId 13. W.J •. Turnbull (U.S.A,) 8~
. ~ i . ;116
page
... _,. .. VIIIc 6· Discussion •. !riP. O'Sullivan (England)· 140
Sub-section VIIIei. INVESTIGATIONS ON FAILURES, DRAINAGE·AND.FROST' ACTION·,.
vrne g Discussion,_ A; Mayer (France)
sub-~e~t~on VIIIi 1 l.uscimANrous · '
· VIIIf 9 . Additiolllll Reina;>k~· '(by·le;tter) 'on paper VIIIf 2. A.JI. Toms (Eagl.;d) . . . i4i.
Closing discussion; Prof ; ..K. Terz~gl>i (U,S,A,[.. 14f
'.-· ·-' ---·
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• • • • • • . ,..; • • ' • . • • '> ·~ : '
SECTION IX: ·.:._'IMPROVEMENT OF.·T!IE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Tllll SOIL_:: ,
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-o-o-o-o-o-o-
ON
ROTTERDAM
JUNE 21 TO 30 - 1948
VOLUME VII
TABL E 0 F CONTENTS
V 0 L U ME VII x)
I
j
I
'
Session 1
Theories and Hypotheses of General Character, Classification, Engineering Geology
Theories et hypotheses de caractere g6n6ral, propri6t6s des sols, classificadon, g6ologie technique
1 G. D. AITCHISON Soil Morphology and Foundation Engineering ... , ....... , ......... , ..... , ......... ,. 3
Australia Morphologic du sol et construction de fondations
3 D. CRONEY Soil Moisture Suction Properties and their Bearing on the Moisture Distribution in Soils 13 X
England Propric;:tes de succion des sols et leur influence sur Ia repartition de l'humidit6 dans Jes sols
5 E. J. FELT Influence of Vegetation on Soil Moistme Contents and Resulting Soil Volume Changes 24
U.S.A. lnnuence de Ia vCgCtation sur Ia teneur en eau du sol ct sur ses variations de volume
10 E. PICHLER The Expansion of Soils Due to the Presence of Clay Minerals, as Determined by the Ad-
Brazil sorption Test ............... , ....... , ........................................... . 43
De I'e.xpansion des sols due U Ia prCsence de minerais d'argile dCterminCe par l'expCrience d'adsorption
13 ICARAHY DA SILVEIRA Consolidation of a Cylindrical Clay Sample with External Radial Flow of Water. . . . . . . . . 55
Brazil Consolidation d'un t!:chantillon d'argile cylindrique a mouvement d'eau radial divergent
14 A. W. SKEMPTON The Colloidal "Activity" of Clays . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. . . . 57
England L'activitC co\loidale des argiles
17 M. VARGAS Correlation Between Angle of Internal Friction and Angle of Shearing Resistance in Con-
Brazil solidated Quick Triaxial Compression Tests on Residual Clays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Relation entre !'angle de frottement et !'angle de resistance au cisaillement dans les essnis de compression
triaxiau.x rapides des argiles prCconsolidCes
No. Author Auteur Title Titre Page
19 M.S. YOUSSEF Relation Between the Mean Grain Size, the Size Factor and the Optimum Moisture Con-
Egypt tent of Compacted Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Relation entre Ia granulomCtrle moyenne. te fucteur dimension net et Ia teneur en eau maximale des sols
compactes
Session 2
Laboratory Investigation, Including Compaction Tests, Improvement of Soil Properties
Recherches de laboratoires, y compris essais de compaction, amelioration des proprietes des sols
2 H. K. S. BEGEMANN The Influence of a Direct Current Potential on the Adhesion Between Clay and Metal
Indonesia Objects. Laboratory and Full Scale Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
L'influence d'un courant continu sur l'adhCsion de I' argile et des objets metalliques. Essai de laboratoire
et in situ
3 A. W.BISHOP and Pore Pressure Changes during Shear in Two Undisturbed Clays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
D.J.HENKEL Variations de la pression de l'eau interstitielle mesurees pendant le cisaillement dans deux argiles non
England remaniees
4 A. W.BISHOP The Effect of Stress History on the Relation Between 'P and Porosity in Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
England. and L'irHluence de l'historique des contralntes sur la relation entre rp et la porositC dans les sols sableux
A.K.GAMAL
Egypt
5 A. CASAGRANDE Prestress Induced in Consolidated-quick Triaxial Tests................................ 106
U.S.A. Pr6contrainte induite au cours d'essais de compression triaxiale rapide
10 R.E.GIBSON Experimental Determination of the True Cohesion and True Angle of Internal Friction in
England Clays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Experiences pour determiner la cohesiOn rCeile et !'angle reel de frottement des argiles
11 P.HABIB Influence de Ia variation deJa contrainte principale moyenne sur Ia resistance au cisaillement
France des sols......................................................................... 131
Influence of the Variation of the Average Principal Stress Upon the Shearing Strength of Soils
14 K.F. G.KEIL The "Hydra ton "-Method, a New Process of Stabilizing Soils by Inorganic Agents 147
Germany La methode «Hydra ton», nouveau procede de stabilisation des sols a !'aide d'agents inorganiques
15 T. MooAMI and The Behaviour of Soil during Vibration. . .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . 152
K.KUBO Comportement de certains sols pendant Ia vibration
Japan
16 S. MURAYAMA and On the Electrochemical Consolidation of Soil Using Aluminium Electrodes 156
T. MISE La consolidation Ciectro·chimique du sol au moyen d'Clectrodes d'aluminium
Japan
17 K.L. NASH The Shearing Resistance of a Fine Closely Graded Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
England La resistance au cisail!ement d'un sable fin a grain unlforme
18 O.A.NoELL Triaxial Shear Equipment for Gravelly Soils......................................... 165
U.S.A. Appareil d'essai de cisaillement triaxial pour sols graveleux
19 R.M.PALIT Determination of Swelling Pressure of Black Cotton Soil-A Method ....... , , , , . . . . . . . 170 '<
India Methode pour determiner Ja pression de gonfiement dans le sol denomme «black cottom>
20 R. PELTIER Mesure des caracteristiques capillaires des sols au Laboratoire central des Ponts et Chaussees 173
France Measurements of the Capillary Characteristics of Soils at the Central Laboratory of" Pants et ChaussCes"·
21 K.S.RAo and The Effect of Heating the Soil on Permeability under Prolonged Submergence of Soil in Water 178
S.K.WADHAWAN PermCabilit6 de sols prCalablement partes a diff6rentes temperatures puis immerges
India
22 F. RENGMARK and Apparatus for Investigation of Swelling, Compression and Elastic Properties of Soils 180
R. ERIKSSON Appareil pour recherches sur le gonflement, la compression ct les proprietes Clastiques des sols
Sweden
23 F. RENGMARK and An Investigation into Vapour Transport in Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
R.ERIKSSON Etude sur le transport de la vapeur dans le sol
Sweden
24 K.H.RosCOE An Apparatus for the Application of Simple Shear to Soil Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
England Appareil pour !'application de cisaillement pur a des Cchantillons de sol
25 J. A. JIMENEZ SALAS Compressibility of Clays .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. . .. . . 192
and J.M.SERRATOSA Compressibilite des argiles
Spain
26 K.P.SHUKLA Electro-Chemical Treatment of Clays .... :.. .. . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . 199
India Traitement 61ectro·chimique des argiles
Session 3
Field Investigation, Technique of Field Observations Including Compaction Control, Soil Stabilisation
Recherches et essais du sol sur place, y compris contrOle de 1a compaction, stabilisation des sols, technique des observations sur
le terrain
r No.
4
Author Auteur
R. HAEFELI and
H.B.FEHLMANN
Title Titre
232
Switzerland
5 M. J. HVORSLEV Cone Penetrometer Operated by Rotary Drilling Rig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
U.S.A. Sandage au pCnCtrometre a cOne exCcutC au moyen d'une foreuse rotative type «Rotary»
6 B.A.KANTEY Field and Laboratory Determinations of Strength Characteristics of a Normally Consolidated
Union of South Africa Clay in the Durban Bayhead Area, South Africa. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . 241
Determination, en Iaboratoire et «in situ», des caracteristiques mecaniques d'une argile normalement
consolid~e de la region de Durban, Union Sud-Africaine
7 P. L. KHANNA, Bearing Pressure and Penetration Tests on Typical Soil Strata in the Region ofthe.Hirakud
P. C. VARGHESE and Dam Project ................................................................... . 246
R.C.HooN Essais de force portante et de penetration sur des sols typiqucs avoisinunt l'emplncement du barrage
India projete de Hirakud, Inde
9 W.A.LEWJS The Compaction of Soil for Earthworks and the Performance of Plant ................. . 258
England Le compactage des sols pour les travaux de terrassement, le comportement et l'cfficacite du materiel
13 G.PLANTEMA Electrical Pore Water Pressure Cells: Some Designs and Experiences .......... , .. , .... . 279
Netherlands Cellules etectriques pour l'enregistrement de Ia pression de l'eau interstitielle - dessins ct experiences
15 G, PLANTEMA Soil Pressure Measurements During Loading Tests on a Rtmway .................... , . 289
Netherlands Mesure de Ia pression du sol au cours d'essais de charge sur une pistc d'envol
16 F. PACHECO SILVA Controlling the Stability of a Foundation Through Neutral Pressure Measurements 299
Brazil ContrOie de Ia stabilit6 d'une fondation par Ia mesure des surpressions hydrostatiques
17 A. w.
SKEMPTON The Post-Glacial Clays of the Thames Estuary at Tilbury and Shellhaven .............. . 302
England Les argiles post·glaciaires de l'estuaire de Ia Tamise a Tillbury ~t a Shellhaven
18 A. SOSSTRUNK Les precedes sismiques appliques a 1'6tude du SOUS·SOl en Suisse ..... ' ................ . 309
Suisse Application of Seismic Methods to Subsoil Investigation in Switzerland
19 W.J.TURNBULL and Field Compaction Tests on Lean Clay Soil ......................................... . 313
w. G. SHOCKLEY Essais de compactage d'un sol argileux maigre
U.S.A.
Session 4
Foundation of Buildings and Dams, Bearing Capacity, Settlement Observations, Regiona_l Subsidences
Fondations des constructions et des barrages, charge admissible, observation des tassements, affaissements rCgionaux
S. J.BUTTON The Bearing Capacity of Footings on a Two-layer Cohesive Subsoil , .... , .. , . , , , .. , .... 332
England La capacit6 portante des empattements dans un sous-sol coh€sif a deux couches
A.CAQUOTet Sur le terme de surface dans le calcul des fondations en milieu pulverulent ............. . 336
J. KERISEL Ultimate Bearing Capacity of a Foundation Lying on the Surface of a Cohesionless SoH
France
c. B. CRAWFORD Settlement Studies on the National Museum Building, Ottawa, Canada , , ........... , .. . 338
Canada Etudes sur le tassemcnt du Musee du Canada A Ottawa
I
R.F.DAWSON
u.s.A.
Movement of Small Houses Erected on an Expansive Clay Soil ....................... .
Mouvement de maisons basses bilties sur un sol argileux expansif
346 X I
J. DELARUE, Caracteristiques rnecaniques des argiles preconsolidees Marocaines .................... . 351 I
M. V. MARIOTTI et Mechanical Characteristics of Preconsolidated ivforoccan Clays
R. L. BERTHIER
Maroc
T.EDBLMANN The Consolidation of a Layer, which Modulus of Elasticity is Proportional to the Depth . . 358
Netherlands Le tassement d'une couche dont Ia compressibilite diminue lineairement avec la profondeur
0. K. FROHLICH On the Settling ofBuildings Combined with Deviation from their Originally Vertical Position 362
Austria Tassement d'ouvrages et deviations de leur position verticale primitive-
J. M.KYLE The Use of Sand Drains Under Buildings at Port Newark............................. 397
U.S.A. L'utilisation de drains verticaux de sable sous les batiments de Port Newark
K. S. LANE and Rebound Gages Check Movement Analysis at Garrison Dam 402
s. J. OCClllPINTI Calculs et mesures de sou!evements du Barrage de Garrison
u.s.A.
H. LoRENZ The Determination of the Dynamical Characteristics of Soils, a Good Help in the
Germany Calculation of Dynamically Excited Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Determination des caracteristiques dynamiques des sols considerce comme un auxiliaire pour le calcul de
fondations sollicitees par des efforts dynamiques
H. LUNDGREN and Determination by the Theory of Plasticity of the Bearing Capacity of Continuous Footings
K. MORTENSEN on Sand .................... , ................ , . .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . 409
Denmark Determination de Ja force portante d'empattements sur sable par Ja theorie de plasticite
J. MANDEL Tassernent d'une couche d'argile saturee d'eau sous l'effet d'une force concentree a la sur-
France face du sol ...................... , ............................................... ·413
Settlement of a Saturated Layer of Clay Under the Effect of a Point Load Acting on the Surface of the Soil
L. MARIVOET Observation des tassements de ponts a fondation directe . ..... ..... .. ..... ..... ....... 418
Belgique Settlement Observation on Bridges Built on Shallow Foundations
L. MARIVOET Observation des tassements de reservoirs a p6trole dans le port d'Anvers................ 431
Belgique Observations of Settlements of Oil Tanks in the Harbour of Antwerp
H.MATUO, Field Test and Observation on the Soft Soil in the Coast of the Ariake Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
T. MIZUNO, Essais sur place et observations .faits sur le sol mou de Ia c6te de Ia mer d'Ariake, Japan
I. UcmDA and
S. MORITA
Japan
G. G. MEYERHOF The Bearing Capacity of Foundations Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
England Capacite portante des sols de fondation sous charges excentrees et obliques
No. Author Auteur Title Titre Page
25 T.!viiZUNO On the Bearing Power of Soil under a Uniformly Distributed Circular Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Japan De Ia force portante du sol sous une charge circulairc uniforme
26 M. PLEITHNER et Nouveau procCdC de remise aniveau de batiments affaisses au moyen d'injcctions de ciment 450 \
W. BERNATZIK A New Method of Compensating Settlement of Buildings by Injections of Cement Grout
Allemagne
27 E. SCHULTZE Settlements and Permissible :Bearing Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Germany Tasscments et contraintes admissibles
28 W. TETIINEK and A Contribution to Calculating the Inclination of Eccentrically Loaded Foundations . . . . . . 461
F. MATL Contribution au calcul de l'inclinaison des fondations a charge excentree
Austria
29 M.J.ToMLINSON and The Foundation of the Bank of China Building, Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
J.B.HOLT Les fondations de la Banque de Chine a Hong Kong
England
30 G.P.TscHEBOTARIOFF A Case of Structural Damages Sustained by One-Storey High Houses Founded on Swelling
u.s.A. Clays . . ... ... . ..... .... . ..... . ... .. . ... ... . .. .................... ..... . ... . ... . 473
Un cas de fissuration de maisons basses construites sur des argiles gonnantes
Session 5
Piles and Pile Foundations, Settlements of PHe Foundations
Pieux et fondations Sur pieux, tassement de ce genre de fondations
J. ANTOINE, Force portante de pieux de grand diambtre fondes sur un bane calcaire de faible epaisseur 3
R. L'HERMINIER et Bearing Capacity of Large Diameter Piles Resting on a Low Limestone Bank
M. BACHELlER
France
9 H. GRASSHOFF Investigations of Values of the Dynamic Penetration Resistance to Model Piles in Sand
Germany and Clay, Obtained from Tests ................................................... . 47
Essais sur les valeurs de !51 resistance a la penetration dynamique rencontree dans le sable et l'argile par
des pieux modeles
10 W. G. HoLTZ and Field Tests to Determine the Behavior of Piles in Loess ............................. . 51
H. J. GIBBS Essais sur place pour determiner le comportement de pieux enfonc6s dans du loess
U.S.A.
15 A.J.DA CosTA NuNES Computed Bearing Capacity of Piles in Residual Soil Compared with Laboratory and Load
and Tests ......................................... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · 75
M. VARGAS Estimation de Ia force portante de pieux enfoncCs dans un sol residuel comparee avec des essais en Ia bora~
Brazil toire et des essais de charge
Session 6
Roads, Runways, Airports (Flexible and Rigid Pavements) and Their Foundations
Routes, autostrades, aerodromes (revetements rigides et flexibles) et leurs fondations
R, A. BRZESOWSKY An Investigation on the Bearing Capacity of Some Flexible Runways at Schiphol Airport 97
and Recherches sur la portance de quelques pistes ftexibles de l'AC.roport de Schiphol, Hollande
C. VAN DER VEBN
Netherlands
6 N. W. McLEoD Airport Runway Design and Evaluation in Canada ................ , ............... , . 122
Canada Dessin et calcul de pistes d'atterrissage au Canada
7 R. PELTIER Contribution a I't!laboration d'une theorie capillaire Ou gel des sols routiers . . . . . . . . . . . 128
France Contribution to a Theory on Capillary Action in the Freezing of Road Soils
8 C. VAN DER VEEN Loading Tests on Concrete Slabs at Schiphol Airport .............................. ·-. 133
Netherlands Essais de chargement sur dalles en bCton a l'aeroport de Schiphol, Pays~ Bas
Session 7
Earth Pressure, Retaining Walls, Tunnels and Phs in Soils
Poussee des terres, murs de soutenement, tunnels et puits dans les sols
P. BERNARD Mesure des modules eiastiques et application au calcul des galeries en charge .. , ... , . . . . 145
France Measurements of Moduli of Elasticity and their Application to the Design of Pressure Tunnels
2 J. CAILLE et La methode d'injection des terrains a ravancement dans les cas difficiles de percement
R. BARBEDETIE d'ouvrages souterrains ................ , ... , ........... , ... , ..... , . , ............ , . 157
France Preliminary Grouting Method for Difficult Cases of Tunnel Driving
Author Auteur Title Titre Page
L. F. COOLING and Measurements of Loads and Strains in Earth Supporting Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
W.H. WARD Mesure des charges et des deformations dans les constructions soumises a une poussec de terres argileuses
England
R. HAEFELI, The Behaviour of the Concrete Bridge Built at Klosters by the Rhretian Railway Company,
CH. ScHAERER and Switzerland Under the Influence of Soil Creep Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
G. AMBERG Comportement sous !'action du fluage des terres du pont en Mton construit a Klosters par la Cie des
Switzerland Chemins de Fer RMtiques, Suisse
A. MAYER Essais en place de terrains rocheux et mise en compression des revetements de galeries 185
France ln·Situ Tests on Rocky Soils and Prestressing on Tunnel·Linnings
J. VERDEYEN et Soutenement des excavations: propositions pour le calcul des rideaux etastiques.......... 188
V. ROISIN Shutting of Excavations: Methods of Calculating Flexible Bulkheads
Belgique
;sion 8
Ji!ity and Deformation of Slopes and Earth Dams. Research on Pore Pressure Measurements, Groundwater Problems
Jilite des talus et des digues en terre, pression de l'eau interstitielle. probl6mes se rattachant aux nappes phreatiques
R, A. BARRON The Efficacy of Toe Drains in Controlling Seepage Uplift in Layered Pervious Foundations 195
U.S.A. L'efficucitC des drains de pied pour Ie contrOle de Ia filtration au travers des fondations permCables et
stratifiCes
z. BAZANT, JR., Stability of a Non-Cohesive Soil Under Elliptic Upward Seepage 198
Czechoslovakia StabilitC d'un sol pulverulent dans le cas d'infiltration e!Uptique ascendante
V. H. CoLLING RIDGE Further Notes on Ground Water Lowering by Means of Filter Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
and De plus amples details sur le rabattement de Ia nappe aquifere au moyen de puits filtrants _
L. F. OFFER
England
T. EDELMAN The Influence of the Compressibility of Soil on Some Problems of Ground Water Flow 219
Netherlands L'influence de Ia compressibilite du sol sur certain problCmes de l'Ccoulement des eaux souterraines
E. E. EsMIOL The Diversity of Impervious Soils Used in Bureau of Reclamation Earth Dams . . . . . . . . . . 224
U.S.A. Diversit6 des sols imperm6ables employes par le «Bureau of Reclamation>> pour la construction des bar-
rages en tei're
0. K. FROHLICH The Factor of Safety with Respect to Sliding of a Mass of Soil Along the Arc of a Loga-
Austria rithmic Spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Le coefficient de securite par rapport au glissement d'un massif de terre coherente le long d'un arc d'une
spirale logarithmique ·
J.P. GOULD The Compressibility of Rolled Fill Materials Determined from Field Observations 239
U.S.A. Compressibilite des matCriaux routes de remblais determinee par des observations sur le terrain
E. and G. GRUNER Muran and Decomposed Rock as Construction Materials for Earth Dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Switzerland Emploi du «Muram» et des roches 06composCes dans Ia construction de barrages en terre
No. Author Auteur ·Title Titre Page
12 P. HABIB et Etude de la circulation de l'eau dans un sol permeable par analogie eJectrique a trois di-
F. SADARLY mensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
France Study of Water Circulation in a Permeable Soil by Means of Three Dimensional Electrical Analogy
13 V.D. HARTY Slide in Fort Henry Embankment River Shannon, Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
England Le glissement du Barrage Fort Henry sur le Shannon, Irlande
14 S. lRMAY Saturated Steady Flow in Non-Homogeneous Media and its Applications to Earth Embank-
Israel ments, Wells, Drains . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . 259
Ecoulement permanent en milieux: saturCs het6rog€mes avec application aux barrages en terre, puits et drains
16 ERWIN NONVEILLER The Stability of Slopes of Dams Composed of Heterogeneous Materials 268
Yugoslavia Stabilit6 des talus dans les barrages h6tCrogCnes
19 Y. TCHENG Etude de la stabilit6 d'un d6p0t de minerai sur une couchc d'argilc molle d'Cpaisseur limitCe 283
France A Study of the Stability of a Mineral Deposit on a Thin Layer of Soft Clay
20 A. H. TOMS Recent Research into the Coastal Landslides at Folkestonc Warren, Kent, England . , . . . 288
England Recherches sur les glissements de terre de Folkes tone Warren, sur Ia cOte de !a P..hmche, Gnmde-Bretagne
21 F. c. WALKER The Design of Earth Dams for Pervious Foundations ......... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
U.S.A. Pr'ojets de barrages en terre sur terrains d'assise permeables
22 L. ZEEVAERT Pore Pressure Measmcmcnts to Investigate the Main Source of Surface Subsidence in
Mexico Mexico City .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 299
Etude de Ia pression interstitielle dans Je but de conm1ltre Ia cause principalc du tusscmcnt supcrficiel
particulier a Ia viUe de Mexico
A, CASAGRANDE Theories and Hypotheses of General Character, Soil Properties, Classification, Engineering
u.s.A. Geology ................................... : . ............... :.. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. 307
Theories et hypotheses de caractCre general, proprietCs des sols, classification, gCologie technique
2 E. C. W. A. GEUZE Laboratory Investigations, Including Compaction Tests, Improvement of Soil Properties 313
Netherlands Recherches de laboratoires, y compris cssnis de compactton, amelioration des proprietes des sols
3 W. J. TURNBULL Field Investigations, Technique of Field Observations Including Compaction Control, Soil
U.S.A. Stabilisation . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. 319
Recherches et essais du sol sur pluce, y compris contrOle de Ia compaction, stubilisation dCs sols, technique
des observations sur le terrain
4 M. BurssoN Fondations des constructions et des barrages, charge admissible, observations des tassements,
France affaissements regionaux ...................................... ' ........... ' . . . . . . . 334
Foundations of Buildings and Dams, Bearing Capacity, Settlement Observations, Regional Subsidences
6 SP. J. BUCHANAN Roads, Runways, Airports (Flexible and Rigid Pavement) and their Foundations 349
U.S.A. Routes, nutostrades, aerodromes (rev8tements rigides et flexibles) et leurs fondations
7 A. w. SKEMPTON Earth Pressure, Retaining Walls) Tunnels and Strutted Excavations . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
England Poussee des terres, murs de sou tenement, tunnels et puits dans les sols
8 L. BJERRUM Stability and Deformation of Slopes, Earth Dams and Groundwater Problems . . . . . . . . . . 362
Norway Stabilit6 des talus et des digues en terre, pression de l'eau interstitielle, prob!Cmes se rattnchant aux nappes
phreatiques
:ontents Table des math~res Volume III
nformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
nformations . ........... , ........................ , ............. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
M. E. G. CHOISY 69
Prof. E. MEYER·l'ETBR , .. , .. , .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . . 70
Dr PH. ETIER, President de Ia Confederation Suisse . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. 72
Prof. H. FAVRE ................................ , ......................... -.. .. .. .. . .. . .. 75
Prof. K. TERZAGHL .... , ... , .. , ............ , .. , ..................................... , .. 76
Prof. A. W. SKEMPTON .. , ..... , .......................... , , , , .............. , . .. . . .. .. .. 77
Prof. A. CASAGRANDE , ..................... , , , .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . 77
Prof. K. TERZAGHL .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. 78
Prof. K. TERZAGHI ... , ....... : . ..... , ..... , :.. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . 80
Dr. G. RoDio .......... , .. , ............... , .. . • .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. • . . 80
Prof. A. STUCKY....................................................................... 81
Prof. K. TERZAGH! ...................... , ... , ........ , .. , , , ........... ,.., ............ , , 82
Prof. K. TERZAGHL .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . 83
Statutes of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Statuts de Ia Societe internationale de mecanique des sols et des travaux de fondations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Discussion Page
Session 2 General Reporter- Rapporteur general: E. C. W. A. GEuzE . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. .. . 119, 122, 125, 126
w. G. SHOCKLEY .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 122
M. J. HVORSLEV .. , ............................. , ....................... , . .. .. . .. .. .. .. 122
J, KERISBL ...... , ............... , , .... , .................... , , .............. , . , ....... , 124
JIMENEZ SALAS .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . 125
S, STEUERMAN , ........................... , , , ................... , ...... , , ........... , . . 126
C. L.DHAWAN ... , ........ , ........... ,., ................... , ....... ,,., ..... ,,....... 127
H. PETERMANN ....................... , ...... , , .............................. , , ...... , , 127
TAN TJONG-KIE .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . 129
L. ZEEVAERT and H. VOGEL ........................................... , , ........... , .. , , 129
Session 4 General Reporter- Rapporteur general: M. BUJssoN...................... 151, 152, 154, 155, 157
N. CHEBIE............................................................................ 152
L. BJERRUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
H. LUNDGREN ....................................................... , , . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . 153
E. SCHULTZE .. ,.,, .... ,,, ...... ,, ...... ,, .. , .. ,., ......... , ......... , ... , .... ,,~ .. ,... 154
S, J. BUTTON ............................ , ...... ,, .............. ,., ...... , ..... , .... ,.. 155
·•
Page
H. CAMBEFORT .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. 193
C. L. DHAWAN .. , ..... , .............. , .. , ..... , , , ..... , .............................. , !93
CH. R. FosTER .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . 194
1, GYSEL Experiences g6otechniques acquises au cours dela construction des amenagements hydro-electriques
du Lentsch, de !'Etzel, de Rupperswil-Auenstein et de Wildegg-Brugg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Geotechnical Experience Gained During the Construction of the Hydroelectric Plants at LOntsch, Etzel, Ruppers-
wil-Auenstein and Wildegg-Brugg
~. RUCKLI L'application de la mecanique des sol.s dans le domaine de la construction des routes en Suisse . . . 288
Application of Soil Mechanics to Road Construction in Switzerland
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BUTTERWORTHS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
1957
II .· · · · ·
lc~t
Contents Table des Matieres Volume I
Division l
Soil Properties and their Measurement
Mesure et Proprietes des Sols
a Fundamental and Natural Properties-Proprietes Fondamentales ct Naturelles
No. Author Auteur Title Titre Page
1 I. ALPAN An Apparatus for Measuring the Swelling Pressure in Expansive Soils 3
Jsraet Une Appareil pour Mesurer Ia Pression de Gonflement dans Jes Sols Expansifs
2 L. BiERRUM and Measurement of the Permeability of Compacted Clays 6
J. RUDER Permeabilit6 des Argiles Compactees
Norway.
3 A. J. L. BOLOGNESI Properties and Behaviour o(Silty Soils Originated from Loess Formations 9
and O:MORETTO Propri6tes et Comportement des Sols Silteux d6rivis de Fonnations Lressiques
Argentina
4 H. CAMBEFORT et Le Delavage des Gels de Silicate de Soude 13
C. CARON The Leaching of Sodium Silicate Gels
France
5 N. J. DENrsov and Elastic and S~ructural Deformations of Clayey Soils 17
B. F. RELTOV Deformations Elastiques ct Structurelles des Sols Argiteux
U.S.S.R. ....,...l
;ion 2
liques of Field Measurement and Sampling
odes pour Mesures sur Place et Prelevement d'Echantillons
[. CAMBEFORT La Mesure in situ de Ia Parasite des Sables 213
ranee Measurement in siltt of the Porosity of Sand
·. A. DURANTE, Field Investigations of Soil Densities and Moisture Contents 216
L. KOGAN, Mesure sur Chantier de Ia Compacite et de Ja Teneur eri Eau des Sols
·. I. FERRONSKY and
. J. NOSAL
1.S.S.R.
II
Division 3
II Foundations of Structures
Fondations de Construction
II a General Subjects and Foundations other than Piled Foundations-Sujets Generaux et Fondations autres que Fonda-
lions sur Pieux
f I 1 Y. M. ABELEV and
V. V. ASKALONOY
U.S.S.R.
The Stabilization of Foundations of Structures on Loess Soils
Stabilisation des Fondations de Constructions sur Terres Lcessiques
259
' The Influence of the Width of a Foundation Raft on the Longitudinal Distribution
3 E. DE BEER
Belgium ofthe Soil Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . 269
II' lnfluence de Ia Largeur d'un Radier de Repartition Fondation sur Ia Longitudinale des Reactions
du Sol
4 E. DE BEER and Method of Computation of an Upper Limit for the Influence of the Heterogeneity
il A. MARTENS
Belgium
of Sand Layers on the Settlements of Bridges . . . . .
Methode du Calcul pour 6tablir Ia Limite Sup6rieure de l'Influence de
Sablonneuses sur le Tassement
. .
l'H6t6rog6m~it6 des Couches
275.
'5 V. G. BEREZA:\TZEV The Bearing Capacity of Sands under Deep Foundations 283
il and
V. A. YAROSHE~KO
U.S.S.R.
Capacite Portante des Fondntions Profondes dans le Sable
··6 L. BJERRUM and Foundation Failure of an Oil Tank in Fredrikstad, Norway 287
/!',. A. 6VERLAND
Norway
Rupture des Fondntions d'un Reservoir RFredrikstad, en Norvege
I'• · 7 K. E. EGO ROY, The Observed Settlements of Buildings as compared with Preliminary Calculation 291
il
!:
P. G. KUZMI!<
and B. P. POPOV
Les Tassements Observes et PrCvus des Bfitiments
U.S.S.R.
I 8 R. E. GIBSON and The Consolidation Settlement of a Load Uniformly Distributed over a Rectangular
[!' J. McNAMEE Area . . . . . . . . . . . 297
il England Tassement de Consolidation sous Charge Uniformement Rl!partie sur une Surface Rectangulairc
I 9 H. GRASSHOFF Influence of Flexural Rigidity of Superstructure on the Distribution of Contact Pres-
j, Germany sure and Bending Moments of an Elastic Combined Footing . . . . 300
il·
L'Influence de Ia Rigidit6 du Biltiment sur Ja Repartition de la Pression et le Moment FlCchissant
!•I Agissant sur une Semelle de .F?ndation Elastique
Ill
No. Author Auteur Title Titre Page
34 E. RECORDON Determination des Caracteristiques des Terres Necessaires au Calcul des Fondations
II' Switzerland sur Sols Elastiques . . . . . . . .
Determination of Soil Characteristics Necessary for Foundation
. . .
Calc~ lations
.
on Elastic Soils
414
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Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
Comptes Rendus du Quatrieme Congres International de
Mecanique des Sols et des Travaux de Fondations
Volume II Divisions 3b-6 and Reports
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BUTTERWORTHS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
1951
Contents Table des Matieres Volume II
Division 3
Foundations of Structures
Fondations de Constructions
I z Denmark Fonnules de Battage-Un Examen fonde sur Ies Considerations des Dimensions et une Analyse
Statistique
I ':i--
.\3 14 M. J. TOMLINSON The Adhesion of Piles Driven in Clay Soils 66
1 England L'Adh6rence des Pieux Battus dans des Sols Argileux
L =<D 15 C. VANDERVEEN and The Bearing Capacity of a Pile, Pre-determined by a Cone Penetration Test 72
f Ol
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L. BOERSMA La Force Portante d'un Pieu Pr6-d6terminee par l'Essai de Penetration (Appareil A COne)
~~ Netherlands
~ ~ v
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Author Auteur Title Titre Page
A. F. VAN WEELE A Method of Separating the Bearing Capacity of a Test Pile into Skin-friction and ,/
Netherlands Point~resistance . . . . . . . . . . . 76J
Methode pour Decomposer la Charge Portante d'un Pieu d'Essai en Resistance due au Frottement
Lat6ralle long du FUt et en Resistance de la Pointe du Pieu
L. ZEEVAERT Compensated Friction-pile Foundation to Reduce the Settlement of Buildings on the
Mexico Highly Compressible Volcanic Clay of Mexico City . . . . . 81
Fondations Compensees avec Pieux a Frottement pour Diminuer le Tassement des B§.timents
Construits sur l'Argile Tres Compressible de Mexico City
vision 4
utes, Pistes d'Envol et Voies Ferrees
ads, Runways and Rail-tracks
W. AICHHORN and Stabilization of Disintegrated Granite for Base Courses of Highways Exposed to
W. STEINBRENNER Severe Frost Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Austria Stabilisation de Granit Db:ompose pour des Couches de Base Soumises a des Conditions severes
de Gelee
W. P. M. BLACK and Pore Water Pressure and Moisture Content Studies under Experimental Pavements 94
D. CRONEY Etudes de la Pression d'Eau Interstitielle et de Ia Teneur en Eau sous des Revetements Expl:ri-
England mentaux
E. EGOLF, The Behaviour of Pavements in Relation to the Base and Subsoil of Roads . 104
F. GERMANN and Le Comportement des Revetements en Fonction des Fondations et des Sous-sols des Routes
W. SCHAAD
Switzerland
F. J. GRIMER and The Effect of Pulverization on the Quality of Clay-cement . 109
N. F. Ross Influence du Degrl: de Pulvl:risation de !'Argile sur Ia QualitC du Sol·ciment
England I
L. W. HATHERLY Seasonal Variations in Subgrade Soil Moisture Content and Temperature with Depth
and M. WooD in Baghdad, Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
England Les Variations saisonnieres, en Profondeur, de Teneur en Eau et de Temperature, du Sol de Fonda-
tion, aBagdad
N. N. IvANOV, Flexible Pavement Design 120
A. K. BIRULYA, Calculs des Revetements Flexibles
V. F. BABKOV and
N. A. PUZAKOV
U.S.S.R.
K. F. KEIL Classification and Importance of Frost-susceptible Rocks in Road Construction . 126
Germany Sensibilite au Gel des Roches Employees dans la ConStruction des Routes, et Classification des
Ro.ches ace Sujet
K. H. KING and Tests to Determine the Behaviour of Rail-track Formations on Various Soil Sub-
L. C. PITT grades with Particular Reference to Clays . . . . . . . . 128
England Essais pour Determiner le Comportement des Voies Ferrees sur divers Sols de Fondations et
Notamment sur des Argiles
G. KUNO and A Method of Estimating Settlement by Roller Compaction . 134
T. MOGAMI MCthode de Calcul du Tassement aAttendre d'un Compactage au Rouleau
Japan
T. W. LAMBE Soil Stabilization Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 139
U.S.A. Recherche sur Ia Stabilisation des Sols al'Institut de Tecbnologie du Massachusett
W. A. LEWIS A Study of Some of the Factors Likely to Affect the Performance of Impact Com-
England P.actors on Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Etude de Quelques Facteurs qui Semblent Devoir Influer sur l'EfficacitC d'un Compacteur par
Chocs
N. W. McLEOD Relationships between Deflection, Settlement and Elastic Deformation for Sub grades
Canada and Flexible Pavements Provided by Plate Bearing Tests at Canadian Airports . 151
Relations Expfrimentales entre la Deflection Totale, le Tassement et la Dfflection :Elastique, des
Sols de Fondation et des Revetements Souples, Lors d'Essais de Chargement a Ia Plaque sur des
Al:roports Canadiens
S. R. MEHRA Cheap All-weather Roads from Soil and Soft Aggregates 158
India · Routes fconomiques Construits avec des Sols et des Agrfgats Tendres
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No. Author Auteur
14 G. MORALDI
Italy
Title Titre
Determination de Ia Force Portante des Pistes
Detennination of the Bearing Capacity of Runways
Page
161
Division 5
P0ussee des Terres sur les Ouvrages et Tunnels
Earth Pressure on Structures and Tunnels
A. CAQUOT La Pression dans les Silos 191
France Pressure in Sitos
2 E. DIBIAGIO and Earth Pressure Measurements in a Trench Excavated in Stiff Marine Clay 196
L. BJERRUM Mesure des Poussees du Sol dans une TranchCe Creusee dans une Argile Marine Rigide
Nonvay
3 S. HUECKEL Model Tests on Anchoring Capacity of Vertical and Inclined Plates . . 203
Poland Essais sur Modeles pour Determiner Ia Capacit6 d'Ancrage de Dalles Verticales ou Inclin6es
4 N. JANBU Earth Pressures and Bearing Capacity Calculations by Generalized Procedure of Slices 207
Nonvay Les Poussees et Ia Force Portante des Sols-CalcuJs et M6thode G6n6ralisee des Tranches
5 B. KUJUNDib6 Anisotropie des Massifs Rocheux 213
Yugoslavia Anisotropy in Rock Masses
6 J. M. KYLE and A Flexible Bulkhead for the New York Harbour 218
M.S. KAPP Un Quai en Palplanches Flexibles pour le Port de New-York
U.S.A.
7 K. S. LANE Effect of Lining Stiffness on Tunnel Loading . . . 223
U.S.A. Influence de la Rigidite des Revetements sur Je Chargement des Tunnels
8 G. SCHNEBBELI U!'e An.alogie Mecanique pour !'Etude de Ia Stabilite des Ouvrages en Terre a Deux
France Dtmenswns . . . . . . . . . . . 228
A Meohanical Analogy for the Study of the Stability ofTwo·dimensional Earth Structures
9 G. ScHNEEBELI et Contribution au Calcul de Ia Stabilite des Bil.tardeaux aDouble Paroi de Palplanches 233
R. CAVAILLE·COLL Contribution to the Stability Analysis of Double-wall Sheet Pile Cofferdams
France
10 V. V. SOKOLOVSKY Some Problems of Soil Pressure 239
U.S.S.R. Quelques Problemes de la Pression du Sol
II G. F. SOWERS, The Residual Lateral Pressures Produced by Compacting Soils 243
A. D. ROBB, Les Pressions R6iiduelles Laterales Causees par les Sols Compactes
C. H. MULLIS and
A. J. GLENN
U.S.A.
12 G. P. TscHEBOTARIOFF Measurements with Wiegmann Inclinometer on Five Sheet Pile Bulkheads 248
and E. R. WAJID Mesures avec rinclinometre Wiegmann sur Cinq Quais en Paiplanches
~ U.S.A.
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13 W. H. WARD and Existing Stresses in Several Old London Underground Tunnels . . . 256
! T. K. CHAPLIN
England
Les Efforts en Peripherie des Revetements de Quelques Tunnels Anciens du Metro de Londres
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Author Auteur Title Titre Page
'ision 6
th Dams, Slopes and Open Excavations
rages en Terre, Talus et Tranchees Ouvertes
B. AISENSTEIN,
A. YEVNIN and
I. SAIDOFF
Israel
G. BARONCINI and
A. CROCE
Reducing Water Losses from Storage Reservoirs in Israel: Blanketing of Tel-
y eruham Reservoir
Yeruham
Operation .
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Reduction des Pertes dans les R6servoirs en
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Couche Protectrice pour le Reservoir de Tel·
Present Soil Properties and Performance of the Arvo Dam During 25 years of
. . . . . .
263
267
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Italy Propriet~!s du Sol et Comportement du Barrage de l'Arvo au cours de Vingt-Cinq Annees d'Opera-
tion
M. BAR-SHANY, The Use of Fat Clay in Dam Construction in Israel . . 273
G. KORLATH and L'Emploi des Argiles Grasses dans Ja Construction des Barrages en Israel
J. G. ZEITLEN
Israel
Z. BAZANT, Jr. Influence of Vibration and Seepage on Stability of Cohesionless Soil . 278
Czechoslovakia Influence des Vibrations et de l'Eau de Percolation sur la Stabilite des Massifs Pulverutents
P. T. BENNEIT and Design Data for Partially Penetrating Relief Wells 282
R. A. BARRON Donnees de Calcul des Puits Filtrants
U.S.A.
L. BERNELL The Properties of Moraines 286
Sweden Les Proprietes des Moraines
L. BERNELL and Electrical Analogy Equipment for solving Non-stationary Two-dimensional Flow
R. NILSSON Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Sweden· Equipement pour Essais par Analogie Electrique pour Ia ·Resolution des Problefl'\es Relatifs aux
Courants Non-stationnaires aDeux Dimensions-
A. W. BISHOP Some Factors Controlling the Pore Pressures set up during the Construction of Earth
England Dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
De Cert~ins Facteurs Gouvernant Jes Pressions Interstitielles au cours de la Construction de
Barrages en Terre
H. H. BURKE and Physical Properties of Marine Clay and their Effect on the Grass River Lock
W. L. DAVIS Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
U.S.A. Proprietes Physiques d'une Argile Marine. Consequences dans les Travaux d'Excavation de t'Ecluse
'Grass River' .
D. FINZI and Foundation Settlement and Pore Pressure Observations at San Valentino Earth Dam
c. N!CCOLAI during the First Five Years of Operation . . . . . . . . 305
Italy Observations des Pressions Interstitielles et du Tassement du Barrage de Terre de San Valentino
au cours des Cinq Premieres Annees
M. GOLDSTEIN and The Long-term Strength of Clays and Depth Creep of Slopes . 311
G. TER-STEPANIAN La R6sistance a longue :Echeance des Argiles et le Fluage en Profondeur des Pentes
U.S.S.R.
D. J. HENKEL Investigations of Two Long-term Failures in London Clay Slopes at Wood Green
England and Northolt . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Analyse de Deux Glissements a Longterme de Talus dans !'Argile de Londres a Wood Green et
Northolt
R. HILTSCHER and Stresses in Foundations of High Dams with Particular Reference to Bhakra Dam
B. PANT (India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
India Les Contraintes dans les Fondations des Hauts Barrages et plus Particulierement de Celui de
Bhakara (lnde)
J. E. HURTUBISE, Les Eboulements de Terrain dans l'Est du Canada 325
N. R. GADD and Landslides in Eastern Canada
G. G. MEYERHOF
Canada
S. MATSUO A Study of the Effect of Cation Exchange on the Stability of Slopes 330
Japan Etude de l'Effet d'un Echange de Cations sur Ia Stabilite des Talus
G. MEARDI Consolidation with Sand Piles of Soft Clays in Levee Foundation . 334
Italy Consolidation d'Argi\e Tendre dans Ja Fondation d'une Digue au Moyen de Puits de Sable
No. Author Auteur Title Titre Page
17 A. MYSLIVEC The Degree of Compaction of Soil according to the Proctor and Dornii Tests 338
czecboslovakta Le Degre de compactage des Sols d'Apres les Methodes Proctor et Domii
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J"• 19 R. PETERSON, Studies of Several Dam Failures on Clay Foundations
Etudes de Plusieurs Cas de Rupture de Barrages sur Fondations d'Argile
. 348
N. L. IVERSON and
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Canada
l
'
( 20 H. PEYNIRC!OGLU Earth Movement Investigations in a Landslide Area on the Bosporus 353
~ Turkey Etude d'un Glissement de Terrain au Bosphore
"1
21 K. L. RAo Behaviour of Recent Earth Dams and Levees in India. 361
' India Le Comportement des Barrages et Digues de Construction Recente dans l'Inde
22 S. A. RosA, The Building of Earth Structures by Dumping of Clayey Soils into Water . 368
D. M. TARTAKOVSKY, La Construction d'Ouvrages en Terre par Ia Methode du D6versernent dans l'Eau de Terres
V. K. REMIZNIKOV Argileuses
and P. D. LOBASOV
U.S.S.R.
,, 23 · R. ScHILTKNECHT Control Measurements at the Castiletto Earth Dam 373
and H. BICKEL Mesures de Verification au Barrage en Terre de Castiletto
Switzerland
24 A. W. SKEMPTON and Stability of Natural Slopes in L.ondon Clay 378
F: A. DELORY Stabilite des Talus Naturelles en Argile Londonienne
England
~:
25 D. H. TROLLOPE The Systematic Arching Theory Applied to the Stability Analysis of Embankments 382
Australia Application de Ia Theorie de Ia Mise en VoUte Systematique Al'Analyse dela Stabilite des RembJais
26 N.H. TWELKER Analysis of Seepage in Pervious Abutments of Dams . . . . . . 389
U.S.A. Calcul des Infiltrations dans les Massifs d'Ancrage Lat6raux des Barrages Lorsque ces Terrains
sont Permeables
'1
~
27 M. VARGAS and
E. Pichler
Residual Soil and Rock Slides in Santos (Brazil) . .
Glissements de Pentes en Sols Detritiques Recouvrant le Roche A Santos, Brt!sil
394
~- Brazil
·'1 28 J. ZELLER and The Shear Strength of the Shell Materials for the Goschenenalp Dam, Switzerland 399
'i
) R. WULL!MANN Resistance au Cisp.illement des Mat6riaux pour le Barrage de GOschenenalp
ii Switzerland
il
29 J. ZELLER and
I., H. ZEINDLER
Test Fills with Coarse Shell Materials for Goschenenalp Dam
Remblais d'essai pour le Barrage de GOschenenalp
405
r' Switzerland
I" 30 H. ZWECKand
R. DAVIDENKOFF
Germany
Etude Experimentale des Filtres de Granulometrie Uniforme
Experiments on Uniformly Graded Filters
410
I.,
f
l Addendum
i la/31 U. NASCIMENTO
Portugal
Contribution on the Physical Interpretation of Soil Properties
L'InterprCtation Physique des Propri6tes des Sols
417
X
Il
l Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
Comptes Rendus du Quatrieme Congres International de
Mecanique des Sols et des Travaux de Fondations
Volume III
LONDON
BUTTERWORTHS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
1958
Contents Table des Matieres Volume Ill
Page
Patrons, Committees and Members Patrons, Comites et Membres
Patrons. 3
Organizing Committees Comites d'Organisation 5
Executive Committee, National Committees and Representatives on Executive Committee
Comite executif, Comites nationaux et leurs representants au comite executif. 7
List of Members Liste des Congressistes 10
Information, Programme and Tours Informations, Programme et Tours
Information 23
Programme . 26
Tours • 39
Donors and Guarantors Donateurs et Garants 49
Exhibitors Exposants 51
Addresses delivered at the Conference Discours prononces pendant le Congres
Opening Session Sir Arthur Whitaker . ' 55
Professor Karl Terzaghi . 55
Closing Session Professor Karl Terzaghi . . 59, 60
Professor A. W. Skempton 60
Banquet The Rt. Hon. Hugh Molson, M.P. 61
M. E. Buisson . 62
Professor Karl Terzaghi. 62
Dr. L. F. Cooling . 63
Dr. A. von Moos . 63
Minutes of the Meetings of the Executive Committee Comptes rendus des Seances du Comite executif 67
Statutes of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Statuts de la Societe
Internationale de mecanique des sols et des travaux de fondations . . 79
Discussion
Session 1 Chairman I President A. Mayer . 85
General Reporter I Rapporteur General I. Th. Rosenquist ' 85, 98
H. B. Seed 86
T-K. Tan 87
T. W. Lambe 89
J. A. J. Salas. . 89
E. C. W. A. Geuze. 90
R. Parry . . 91
H. M. Raedschelders 91
N. A. Tsytovich 92
D. M. Milovic 93
B. Aisenstein . 94
F. L. Cassel . 94
T. K. Chaplin 95
A. G. Strmac 96
J. K. Alderman . 96
A. J. da Costa Nunes 97
D. Croney 97
G. Stefanoff 97
K. Terzaghi 98
v
Discussion-(con/d.) Page
Session 1-(contd.) A. Belluigi . 98
M. E. Buisson . . . 99
A. J. L. Bolognesi and 0. Moretto 99
W. Schaad 99
P. Sliwa 101
Session 2 Chairman I President G. P. Tschebotarioff 102
Assistant Reporter I Assistant Rapporteur N. Janbu 102, 115
A. W. Bishop 103
D. J. Henkel . 104
R. Parry . 104
M. J. Hvorslev 105
D. H. Trollope 107
H. U. Smoltczyk 107
P. Habib 108
T. J. Osterman 108
· B. Jakobsen . 109
T. K. Chaplin 109
G. G. Meyerhof 110
T-K. Tan . . 110
E. C. W. A. Geuze. 112
J. E. Jennings 112
K. S. Bawa . 113
T. W. Lambe 113
P. W. Rowe. . 113
T. K. E. Kallstenius 114
S. J. Buchanan 114
E. T. Hanrahan 114
A. Kezdi . 114
J. Kolbuszewski 115
R. V. Whitman 115
P. J. Alley . 115
M. E. Buisson . 115
W. M. Kirkpatrick. 116
L. Suklje . . 119
Session 3 Chairman I President A. von Moos 120
General Reporter I Rapporteur General M. Vargas 120, 135
R. Jones . . . 121
J. L. Serafim and J. B. Folque 121
W. H. Ward. 122
J. Kerisel . 124
D. J. Palmer . 125
C. van der Veen 125
J. Kolbuszewski . 126
E. C. W. A. Geuze. 128
H. Zweck . . 128
M. P. P. dos Santos 129
B. 0. Skipp . 129
J. Vuorinen . 129
I. M. Litvinov . 130
T. K. E. Kallstenius 131
T. K. Chaplin 132
U. B. Rajcevic 133
W. Aichhorn . 134
L. Menard 134
A. Dvorak . 134
J. Florentin . 134
K. Terzaghi . 135
G. Meardi . 137
H. U. Smoltczyk 137
Session 4 Chairman I President R. B. Peck 138
General Reporter I Rapporteur General J. Brinch Hansen 138, 154
V. Mencl . 139
D. Lazarevic. 139
I vi
I
Discussion-(con/d.) Page
I
I
:1
l'
Discussion-(con/d.) Page
ix I
I