CHAPTER 12 : THE STRAIGHT LINE

y2 - y1
GRADIENT m=
x2 - x1

Example Exercises

1) (1,2) and (3,4) 1.) ( 2,1) and (4,3)

4-2 2
m= = =1
3 -1 2

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2) (-1,2) and (3,4) 2.) (- 2,1) and (4,3)
4-2 2 1
m= = =
3 - ( -1) 4 2

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3) (1,-2) and (3,4) 4.) (2,-1) and (4,3)

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5) (-1,-2) and (3,4) 6.) (-2,-1) and (4,3)

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7) (-1,-2) and (-3,-4) 8.) (-2,-1) and (-4,-3)

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1 3 1 3 1 1
9) (0, ) and ( ,0 ) 10) (- , ) and ( ,- )
2 2 2 2 2 2

INTERCEPT

The Sttraight Line 1

 ● y-intercept (x = 0)

●
x-intercept (y = 0)

X-intercept y=0

Example Exercise

1) y  2 x  4 1) y  3 x  6
y  0  0  2x  4
- 4  2x
2 x  -4
-4
x  -2
2
x- intercept = -2
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2) y  5 x - 2 2) y  -2 x  5
y  0  0  5x - 2
2  5x
5x  2
2
x
5
5
x-intercept =
2
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3) y  -4 x  5 4.) y  -3 x  1

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5) 2 y  3 x - 6 6) 2 y  -2 x  5

2 2
7) y  - x6 8) y  - x-4
3 5

The Sttraight Line 2

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3 1
9) 2 y  x  12 10) 3 y  x - 3
5 9

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11) - 2 y  x  12 12) - 3 y  3 x - 2

y –intercept x=0

Example Exersice

1) y  2 x  6 1) y  3 x  8
x = 0 , y = 2(0) + 6
y=6
y- intercept = 6

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2) y  2 x - 7 3.) y  3 x - 9

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2 1
4) y  x  6 5) y  x - 6
3 2

The Sttraight Line 3

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2 2
6) y  - x  7 7) y  - x - 10
3 5

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Example
3 1
8) 2 y  x  12 9) 3 y  x - 21
5 9
3
X = 0, 2y = (0) + 12
5
2y = 12
y=6
y – intercept = 6
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10) - 2 y  x  12 11) - 3 y  3 x - 2

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PAST YEARS SPM QUESTIONS

SPM 2003

1 SPM 2003 A 6 B -6

The Sttraight Line 4

 The gradient of the straight line
2x-7y =14 is
C 3 3
D -
2 2
A 2 4 SPM 2004
7 y
Q
B 7
-
2 R(1,8)
C -2
D 7 0 x
P
2 2004J The gradient of QR is -4 and the distance of
Diagram below shows a straight line PQ is 15 units,
MN on a Cartesian plane. Find the x-intercept of PQ
N(0,4) A -9
y B -12
C 9
-
4
0 x D 15
-
M(-2, -1) 4

The gradient of MN is
A 5 5 SPM 2004
12 Diagram below shows a straight line LM on
B 6 a Cartesian plane.
11
C 2
9
D 3
8
3 2004 J
The graph in the diagram below shows
1
a straight line JK with gradient - 2 The gradient of LM
y A -1
J(0,3) B 1
-
2
0 C 1
x 2
K
Calculate the x-intercept of JK D 1

6 The gradient of the straight line 9 SPM 2005

2 In the diagram below, PQ is a straight line.
4y - x  8 is
3
A 1
6

The Sttraight Line 5

 B 8
3
C 2
D 6

7 Diagram below shows a straight line What is the gradient of PQ?

4 A -2
RS which has gradient B 1
3 -
2
C 1
2
y S D 2

10 SPM 2006 J
R(-12,0) 0 x State the y-intercept of the straight line 3y-
2x-11=0
A 11
-
3
B 11
The y-intercept of RS is 3
C 11
-
2
A 4 D 11
2
B 9
C 12
D 16 11 The straight line PQ has gradient of 2. The
coordinates of P are (0,6).
The x-intercept of PQ is
8 SPM 2005 A -3
Find the y-intercept of the straight line B 1
-
3x-4y=24 3
A 3 C 1
4 3
B 4 D 3
-
3
C -6
D 8

12.SPM 2006 A (3,3)

The coordinates of point P(-1,1) and the B (3,9)
gradient of the straight line PQ is 2. C (3,-1)
The coordinates of point Q could be D (3, -7)

The Sttraight Line 6

13. SPM 2006
In Diagram below, EF is a straight line with
1
gradient -
4 y
E

0 x

-3

F
Find the x-intercept of the straight line EF.

A 1
-
12
B 3
-
4
C -3
D -12

The Sttraight Line 7

The Sttraight Line 8