Inspection and Test Procedures

7.
INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES
7.6 Circuit Breakers

1. Low-Voltage
1. Insulated Case/Molded Case
1. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare nameplate data with drawings and

specifications.
2. Inspect circuit breaker for correct mounting.
3. Operate circuit breaker to insure smooth operation.
4. Inspect case for cracks or other defects.
5. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high

resistance using one of the following methods:
1. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance

with Section 7.6.1.1.2 (Electrical Tests).
2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical

connections by calibrated torque-wrench
method in accordance with manufacturer’s
published data or Table 10.12.
3. Perform thermographic survey in accordance

with Section 9.
6. Inspect mechanism contacts and arc chutes in

unsealed units.
2. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a contact-resistance test.
2. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc

from pole-to-pole and from each pole-to-ground with
breaker closed and across open contacts of each
phase
*Optional
58 ATS – 1999
7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES
7.6 Circuit Breakers (cont.)

1. Low-Voltage (cont.)
1. Insulated Case/Molded Case (cont.)
3. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted

connections with low-resistance ohmmeter, if
applicable, in accordance with Section 7.6.1.1.1 (Visual
and Mechanical Inspection).
*4. Perform insulation resistance tests at 1000 volts dc on

all control wiring. Do not perform the test on wiring
connected to solid state components.
5. Perform adjustments for final settings in accordance

with coordination study supplied by owner.
6. Perform long-time delay time-current characteristic

tests by passing 300 percent rated primary current
through each pole separately unless series testing is
required to defeat ground fault functions.
7. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary

current injection.
8. Determine ground-fault pickup and time delay by

primary current injection.
9. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary

injection using run-up or pulse method.
10. Verify correct operation of any auxiliary features such

as trip and pickup indicators, zone interlocking,
electrical close and trip operation, trip-free, and
antipump function.
*11. Verify the calibration of all functions of the trip unit by

means of secondary injection.
*Optional ATS – 1999 59


1. Insulated Case/Molded Case (cont.)
3. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistance to values of

similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with Table

10.12 unless otherwise specified by manufacturer
3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the

high levels of the normal range as indicated in the
manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data
is not available, investigate any values which deviate
from similar connections by more than 50 percent of
the lowest value.
4. Circuit breaker insulation resistance should be in

accordance with Table 10.1.
5. Control wiring insulation resistance should be a

minimum of two megohms.
6. Trip characteristic of breakers shall fall within

manufacturer’s published time-current characteristic
tolerance band, including adjustment factors. If
manufacturer’s curves are not available trip times shall
be equal to or less than the values shown in Table
10.7. Circuit breakers exceeding specified trip time at
300 percent of pickup shall be tagged defective.
7. Instantaneous pickup values of molded-case circuit

breakers shall be within the tolerances shown in Table
10.8.
*Optional
60 ATS – 1999

2. Power

specifications.
2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.
3. Confirm correct application of manufacturer’s

recommended lubricants.
4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Inspect

arc chutes. Inspect moving and stationary contacts for
condition, wear, and alignment.
5. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for

servicing and operating the breaker.
6. Verify that primary and secondary contact wipe and

other dimensions vital to satisfactory operation of the
breaker are correct.
7. Perform all mechanical operator and contact alignment

tests on both the breaker and its operating mechanism.




with Section 9.
9. Verify cell fit and element alignment.
10. Verify racking mechanism.


2. Power (cont.)
2. Electrical Tests

3. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc

from pole-to-pole and from each pole-to-ground with
breaker closed and across open contacts of each
phase.
*4. Perform insulation-resistance tests at 1000 volts dc on

connected to solid state components.
5. Make adjustments for the final settings in accordance

with the coordination study supplied by owner.
6. Determine minimum pickup current by primary current

injection.
7. Determine long-time delay by primary current injection.
8. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary

current injection.
9. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by primary

current injection.
10. Determine instantaneous pickup value by primary

current injection.
*11. Verify the calibration of all functions of the trip unit by

means of secondary injection.
*Optional
62 ATS – 1999

2. Power (cont.)
12. Activate auxiliary protective devices, such as ground-

fault or undervoltage relays, to insure operation of shunt
trip devices. Check the operation of electrically-
operated breakers in their cubicles.
13. Verify correct operation of any auxiliary features such

as trip and pickup indicators, zone interlocking,
electrical close and trip operation, trip-free, and
antipump function and verify trip unit battery condition.
14. Verify operation of charging mechanism.
3. Test Values


10.12 unless otherwise specified by manufacturer.

the lowest value.

5. Central wiring insulation resistance should be a

6. Trip characteristics of breakers shall fall within

manufacturer’s published time-current tolerance bands.


2. Medium-Voltage (cont.)
1. Air

specifications.

4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Inspect

arc chutes. Inspect moving and stationary contacts for
condition, wear, and alignment.
5. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for

servicing and operating the breaker.
6. Verify that primary and secondary contact wipe and

other dimensions vital to satisfactory operation of the
breaker are correct.
7. Perform all mechanical operator and contact alignment

tests on both the breaker and its operating mechanism.




with Section 9.
9. Check cell fit and element alignment.
*Optional
64 ATS – 1999

1. Air (cont.)
10. Check racking mechanism.
11. Inspect puffer operation.
*12. Perform circuit breaker timing tests.
13. Record as-found and as-left operation-counter

readings.
2. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a contact resistance test.
2. Measure insulation resistance pole-to-pole, pole-to-

ground, and across open poles. Use a minimum test
voltage of 2500 volts.

*4. Perform insulation-resistance tests at 1000 volts dc on

connected to solid-state components.
5. With breaker in the test position, make the following

tests:
1. Trip and close breaker with the control switch.
2. Trip breaker by operating each of its protective

relays.
3. Verify trip-free and antipump function.
*4. Test trip and close circuit at reduced control

voltages, if applicable.
*6. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor test with

breaker in both open and closed positions.


1. Air (cont.)
*7. Perform an overpotential test in accordance with

manufacturer’s published data.
8. Measure blow-out coil circuit resistance.
3. Test Values



the lowest value.


6. Dissipation-factor/power-factor test results shall be

compared with previous tests of similar breakers or
7. The insulation shall withstand the overpotential test

voltage applied.
8. Minimum pickup for trip and close coils shall conform

to manufacturer’s published data.
*Optional
66 ATS – 1999

2. Oil
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings

and specifications.

4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.
5. Verify that breather vents are clear.
6. Perform all mechanical operation and contact

alignment tests on both the circuit breaker and its
operating mechanism in accordance with
7. If performing internal inspection:
1. Remove oil. Lower tanks or remove manhole

covers as necessary. Inspect bottom of tank for
broken parts and debris.
2. Inspect lift rod and toggle assemblies, contacts,

interrupters, bumpers, dashpots, bushing
current transformers, tank liners, and gaskets.
3. Slow-close breaker and check for binding,

friction, contact alignment, penetration, and
overtravel. Verify that all phases make contact
simultaneously.
4. Refill tank(s) with filtered oil to correct levels.


2. Oil (cont.)




with Section 9.
9. Test alarms and lockouts for pneumatic and/or

hydraulic operators as recommended by the
manufacturer.
10. Perform circuit breaker time-travel analysis.
11. Record as-found and as-left operation counter

readings.
2. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a contact resistance test.
2. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance

with ASTM D-923. Sample shall be tested for the
following:
1. Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877.
2. Color: ANSI/ASTM D-1500.
*3. Power factor: ASTM D-924.
*4. Interfacial tension: ANSI/ASTM D-971 or

ANSI/ASTM D-2285.
5. Visual condition: ASTM D-1524.
*Optional
68 ATS – 1999

2. Oil (cont.)
3. Trip circuit breaker by operation of each protective

device.
4. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-

to-ground, and across open poles at 2500 volts
minimum.

*6. Perform insulation-resistance tests on all control wiring

at 1000 volts dc. Do not perform this test on wiring
connected to solid-state relays.
7. Perform dissipation factor/power factor tests on each

pole with breaker open and each phase with breaker
closed. Determine tank loss index.
8. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each

bushing. Use conductive straps and hot collar
procedures if bushings are not equipped with a power-
factor tap.
9. Verify trip, close, trip-free, and antipump functions.
*10. Perform minimum pickup voltage tests on trip and close

coils.

manufacturer’s instructions.


2. Oil (cont.)
3. Test Values



the lowest value.
4. Compare circuit breaker travel and velocity values to

manufacturer’s acceptable limits.
5. Insulating-liquid test results should comply with Table

10.4.


8. Dissipation-factor/power-factor test results and tank

loss index shall be compared to manufacturer’s
published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s
published data, the comparison shall be made to
similar breakers.
9. Dissipation-factor/power-factor and capacitance test

results should be within ten percent of nameplate
rating for bushings.

voltage applied.
11. Minimum pickup for trip and close coils shall conform to
*Optional
70 ATS – 1999

3. Vacuum
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings

and specifications.

4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.
5. Perform all mechanical operational tests on both the

circuit breaker and its operating mechanism.
6. Measure critical distances such as contact gap as

recommended by manufacturer.




with Section 9.
8. Perform timing tests.
9. Record as-found and as-left operation counter

readings.


3. Vacuum (cont.)
2. Electrical Tests
*2. Perform minimum pickup voltage tests on trip and close

coils.
3. Verify trip, close, trip-free, and antipump function.
4. Trip circuit breaker by operation of each protective

device.

6. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-

to-ground, and across open poles at 2500 volts
minimum
7. Perform vacuum bottle integrity (overpotential) test

across each vacuum bottle with the breaker in the
open position in strict accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions.
*8. Perform insulation-resistance tests at 1000 volts on all

control wiring dc. For units with solid-state components,
follow manufacturer’s recommendations.
*9. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each

pole with the breaker open and each phase with the
breaker closed.
*10. Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each

bushing. Use conductive straps and hot collar
procedures if bushings are not equipped with a power
factor tap.

manufacturer’s instructions.
*Optional
72 ATS – 1999

3. Vacuum (cont.)
3. Test Values



the lowest value.

5. Contact displacement shall be in accordance with

factory recorded data marked on the nameplate of
each vacuum breaker or bottle.
6. The interrupter shall withstand the overpotential

voltage applied.
7. Compare circuit breaker timing values to


9. Dissipation-factor/power-factor test results shall be

compared to manufacturer’s published data. In the
absence of manufacturer’s published data the
comparison shall be made to similar breakers.


3. Vacuum (cont.)
10. Dissipation-factor/power-factor and capacitance test

results should be within ten percent of nameplate
rating for bushings.

voltage applied.
*Optional
74 ATS – 1999

Inspection and Test Procedures

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7.

INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES

7.6 Circuit Breakers

1. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Compare nameplate data with drawings and

2. Inspect circuit breaker for correct mounting.

3. Operate circuit breaker to insure smooth operation.

4. Inspect case for cracks or other defects.

5. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high

1. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical

3. Perform thermographic survey in accordance

6. Inspect mechanism contacts and arc chutes in

1. Perform a contact-resistance test.

2. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc

7.6 Circuit Breakers (cont.)

3. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted

*4. Perform insulation resistance tests at 1000 volts dc on

5. Perform adjustments for final settings in accordance

6. Perform long-time delay time-current characteristic

7. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary

8. Determine ground-fault pickup and time delay by

9. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary

10. Verify correct operation of any auxiliary features such

*11. Verify the calibration of all functions of the trip unit by

*Optional ATS – 1999 59

7.6 Circuit Breakers (cont.)

1. Compare bolted connection resistance to values of

2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with Table

3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the

4. Circuit breaker insulation resistance should be in

5. Control wiring insulation resistance should be a

6. Trip characteristic of breakers shall fall within

7. Instantaneous pickup values of molded-case circuit

7.6 Circuit Breakers (cont.)

1. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Compare nameplate data with drawings and

2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

3. Confirm correct application of manufacturer’s

4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. Inspect

5. Verify that all maintenance devices are available for

6. Verify that primary and secondary contact wipe and

7. Perform all mechanical operator and contact alignment

8. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high

1. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical

3. Perform thermographic survey in accordance

9. Verify cell fit and element alignment.

10. Verify racking mechanism.

*Optional ATS – 1999 61

7.6 Circuit Breakers (cont.)

1. Perform a contact-resistance test.

2. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted

3. Perform an insulation-resistance test at 1000 volts dc

*4. Perform insulation-resistance tests at 1000 volts dc on

5. Make adjustments for the final settings in accordance

6. Determine minimum pickup current by primary current

7. Determine long-time delay by primary current injection.

8. Determine short-time pickup and delay by primary

9. Determine ground-fault pickup and delay by primary

10. Determine instantaneous pickup value by primary

*11. Verify the calibration of all functions of the trip unit by