Frequency Response (EE-3)

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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RK Kanodia
Ashish Murolia
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PREFACE
The 3rd edition of GATE Electrical Engineering has been revised exhaustively as per new GATE syllabus. The book
has been completely revised in this edition, with the purpose not only of updating the material, but just as important,
making the book a better learning aid. This new edition is enriched by increasing the number of problems as well as
covering more topics of a subject. The book includes both the Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and Numerical Answer
Type (NAT) problems. Each problem is accompanied by a step-by-step and well-explained solution. To improve the
readability, the contents are represented with illustrative diagrams, standard notations, relatively consistent variable
naming and easy-to-understand explanations.
This new edition is the outcome of 10 successive years of compilation, revision and improvement of contents
by the authors and their team. In the past few years, a rumor was spread to defame the book that it has some errors.
After continuously reviewing each edition, we must say that the book is completely error-free from typos or any other
errors. Some of our friends and colleagues teaching in various GATE coachings also claimed that a few solutions in the
books are erroneous. We individually worked on those solutions and discussed them with some distinguish professors of
respective subjects. We must conclude that there is only a difference in method of solving which has been interpreted
as an Error by many readers. Also, the book has been thoroughly edited to remove many errors (mostly typos) which
had crept into the previous editions.
The few significant changes in this edition are as follows:

1. The chapter inclusions and organization of each subject has been modified as per new GATE syllabus.
2. Number of problems in each subject has been increased.
3. Some of the explanations have been simplified to make them more understandable to the students.
A student that has studied almost the syllabus of GATE during his/her B. Tech needs to enhance and practice
a standard and vast collection of problems based on fundamentals of the subjects. By studying and reviewing so many
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problems easily and increase his/her store of necessary knowledge. We would like to emphasize that there is no short
cut to learning except by “doing.”
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no doubt that aspirants will benefit from this well placed book to score a good rank.
R. K. Kanodia
Ashish Murolia
SYLLABUS
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial
Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line
integral, Surface integral, Volume integral, Stokes’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Green’s theorem.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with
constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation, Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary
value problems, Partial Differential Equations, Method of separation of variables.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent
series, Residue theorem, Solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation,
Random variables, Discrete and Continuous distributions, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution, Binomial
distribution, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, Single and Multi-step methods for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, z-Transform.
Section 2: Electric Circuits

Network graph, KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis, Transient response of dc and ac networks, Sinusoidal steady-
state analysis, Resonance, Passive filters, Ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem,
Superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Two-port networks, Three phase circuits, Power and power
factor in ac circuits.
Section 3: Electromagnetic Fields

Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law, Divergence, Electric field and potential due
to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect of dielectric medium, Capacitance of simple configurations,
Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance,
Magnetic circuits,Self and Mutual inductance of simple configurations.
Section 4: Signals and Systems

Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, Shifting and scaling operations, Linear Time Invariant and
Causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, Sampling theorem, Applications of Fourier
Transform, Laplace Transform and z-Transform.
Section 5: Electrical Machines
Single phase transformer: equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency;
Three phase transformers: connections, parallel operation; Auto-transformer, Electromechanical energy conversion
principles, DC machines: separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their
characteristics, starting and speed control of dc motors; Three phase induction motors: principle of operation, types,
performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control;
Operating principle of single phase induction motors; Synchronous machines: cylindrical and salient pole machines,
performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motor, characteristics; Types of
losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines.
Section 6: Power Systems

Power generation concepts, ac and dc transmission concepts, Models and performance of transmission lines and cables,
Series and shunt compensation, Electric field distribution and insulators, Distribution systems, Per-unit quantities,
Bus admittance matrix, Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods, Voltage and Frequency control, Power
factor correction, Symmetrical components, Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis, Principles of over-current,
differential and distance protection; Circuit breakers, System stability concepts, Equal area criterion.
Section 7: Control Systems

Mathematical modeling and representation of systems, Feedback principle, transfer function, Block diagrams and Signal
flow graphs, Transient and Steady-state analysis of linear time invariant systems, Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria,
Bode plots, Root loci, Stability analysis, Lag, Lead and Lead-Lag compensators; P, PI and PID controllers; State space
model, State transition matrix.
Section 8: Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Bridges and Potentiometers, Measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; Instrument transformers,
Digital voltmeters and multimeters, Phase, Time and Frequency measurement; Oscilloscopes, Error analysis.
Section 9: Analog and Digital Electronics

Characteristics of diodes, BJT, MOSFET; Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifiers; Amplifiers: Biasing,
Equivalent circuit and Frequency response; Oscillators and Feedback amplifiers; Operational amplifiers: Characteristics
and applications; Simple active filters, VCOs and Timers, Combinational and Sequential logic circuits, Multiplexer,
Demultiplexer, Schmitt trigger, Sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters, 8085Microprocessor: Architecture,
Programming and Interfacing.
Section 10: Power Electronics

Characteristics of semiconductor power devices: Diode, Thyristor, Triac, GTO, MOSFET, IGBT; DC to DC conversion:
Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters; Single and three phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers, Line commutated
thyristor based converters, Bidirectional ac to dc voltage source converters, Issues of line current harmonics, Power factor,
Distortion factor of ac to dc converters, Single phase and three phase inverters, Sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
************
CONTENTS
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 1 Basic Concept 3-18

CHAPTER 2 Basic Laws 19-52
CHAPTER 3 Graph Theory 53-68
CHAPTER 4 Nodal and Loop Analysis 69-96
CHAPTER 5 Circuit Theorems 97-132
CHAPTER 6 Inductor and Capacitor 133-164
CHAPTER 7 First Order RL and RC Circuits 165-214
CHAPTER 8 Second Order Circuit 215-254
CHAPTER 9 Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 255-292
CHAPTER 10 AC Power Analysis 293-326
CHAPTER 11 Three-phase Circuits 327-354
CHAPTER 12 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 355-382
CHAPTER 13 Frequency Response 383-416
CHAPTER 14 Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transform 417-452
CHAPTER 15 Two Port Network 453-496
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
CHAPTER 1 Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field Intensity 3 - 22

CHAPTER 2 Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law and Divergence 23 - 36
CHAPTER 3 Electric Potential 37 - 56
CHAPTER 4 Dielectrics and Capacitance 57 - 84
CHAPTER 5 Steady Magnetic Field 85 - 108
CHAPTER 6 Magnetic Forces, Materials and Inductance 109 - 134
CHAPTER 7 Time Varying Fields 135 - 158
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 1 Continuous Time Signals 3-38

CHAPTER 2 Continuous Time Systems 39-74
CHAPTER 3 Discrete Time Signals 75-106
CHAPTER 4 Discrete Time Systems 107-138
CHAPTER 5 The Laplace Transform 139-170
CHAPTER 6 The Z-transform 171-208
CHAPTER 7 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 209-246
CHAPTER 8 The Discrete -Time Fourier Transform 247-270
CHAPTER 9 The Continuous-Time Fourier Series 271-300
CHAPTER 10 The Discrete Time Fourier Series 301-316
CHAPTER 11 Sampling and Signal Reconstruction 317-334
GATE Electrical Engineering-2017
in 5 Volumes
by R.K. Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Page
g 383 Frequencyy Response Chapter 13
CHAPTER 13
Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering-2017, Volume-3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
QUESTION 13.1 jw
(C)
( )2
V( )
The transfer function H ( ) = o of the following 1
Vi ( ) (D)
network is 2( )2
. i n
c o
a . QUESTION 13.3
d i For the circuit shown below the input frequency is adjusted
o
until the gain is equal to 0.6. The value of the frequency is
(A) R
. n
p
R j b wL + 1 l
o
wC
sh
(B) 1
( 2
) + j RC
2
( )
(C)
( 2
)+j L
(D) R
in
[(R − 2
RLC)) ] _______ rad/sec
o.
. c
QUESTION 13.2
i a QUESTION 13.4
For the network shown in figure, the transfer function
o d For the circuit shown in figure transfer function is given as
n
H ( ) V ( ) / (jw) is
.
V( ) 1 + jw/12
= 0.6 e
1 + jw/20 o
H( ) = o
Vs ( )
o p
sh
jw
(A)
2( )2
1 What is the value of inductance ?
(B) 2
( )
_______ H
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QUESTION 13.5 QUESTION 13.9
In a series RLC circuit, R = 2 kΩ , L = 1 H, and C = 1 μF A circuit with a resistor inductor and capacitor in series

400
The resonant frequency is is resonant at f0 Hz . If all the component values are now
doubled, the new resonant frequency is
(A) 2 # 10 4 Hz (A) 2ff0
(B) 1 # 10 4 Hz (B) still f0
p
(C) f0 /4
(C) 10 4 Hz
(D) f0 /2
(D) 2p # 10 4 Hz
. i n
QUESTION 13.10
o
QUESTION 13.6
.c
The current I in the circuit shown in figure is
What is the resonant frequency for the given circuit ?
i a
o d
. n
o p
sh (A) 5 A
(B) 10 A
_______ M rad/sec (C) 15 A
in
(D) 25 A
o.
QUESTION 13.7
. c
i a QUESTION 13.11
d
What inductance is required to resonate at 10 MHz wi
o
capacitance of 50 pF ?
The average power dissipated in the given network at resonant
. n
_______ μH
condition is
op
QUESTION 13.8
sh
How much capacitance is required to resonate a coil of 100
mH at a frequency of 25 kHz ?
_______ Watt
_______ pF

in 5 Volumes
Page
QUESTION 13.12
The voltage across the capacitor in a series RLC circuit at

resonance is affected by the value of

(A) L
(B) C
(C) R
(D) all of above
QUESTION 13.13
. i n
o
In a series RLC circuit at resonance, the magnitude of the
c
voltage developed across the capacitor
(A) is always zero
a.
d i
(B) can never be greater than the input voltage
no
(C) can be greater than the input voltage, howeve 90c
.
out of phase with the input voltage
p
(D) can be greater than the input voltage, and is in phase
o
h
with the input voltage.
s
QUESTION 13.14
A series RLC circuit resonates at a frequency of 4 kHz. The

. in
o
nature of circuit impedance at a frequency of 3 kHz would
.c
be
i a
(A) capacitive
d
(B) inductive
(C) resistive
n o
(D) None of these
p.
o
sh
QUESTION 13.16
A series RLC circuit has a bandwidth of 20 rad/s and

QUESTION 13.15 resonant frequency of 1 /s. If R = 10 Ω , then what are
the values of inductance and capacitance respectively ?
The RLC series circuit shown in figure is supplied from a
variable frequency voltage source. The admittance-locus of (A) 0.5 H, 2 µF
the RLC network at terminals AB for increasing frequency (B) 0.2 mH, 5 mF
w is
(C) 2 H, 0.5 F
(D) 1 H, 1 µF

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Two series resonant filters are as shown in the figure. Let the A series RLC circuit has R = 5 Ω and C = 25 μF . If the

3-dB bandwidth of Filter 1 be B1 and that of Filter 2 be B2 . resonant frequency is 1600 rad/s , then what is the bandwidth
the value B1 is of the network ?
B2
_______ rad/sec
QUESTION 13.21
In a series RLC circuit if value of the resistance R is increased
. i n
then
o
(A) quality factor increases
. c (B) resonant frequency increases
ia ) quality factor decreases
o d (D) quality factor remains same
(A) 4
. n
(B) 1
o p
sh
(C) 1/2
QUESTION 13.22
(D) 1/4
A series RLC circuit has a resonance frequency of 1 kHz and
a quality factor Q = 100 . If each of R, L and C is doubled
from its original value, the new Q of the circuit is
in
(A) 25
.
QUESTION 13.18 (B) 50
A series RLC circuit has the following parameter values :

co (C
R = 10 Ω , L = 0.01 H , C = 100 μF .
a . 200
i
The Q factor of the circuit at resonance is
(A) 0
o d
n
(B) 1
(C) 2
p. QUESTION 13.23
(D) 0.5
o
sh
A series RLC circuit has an impedance equal to 12 W at
resonance. If the resonant frequency is 1000 rad/s and
C = 40 μF , then the quality factor and band width of the
circuit are respectively.
QUESTION 13.19 (A) 0.48, 2.08 krad/s

(B) 1.6 , 625 rad/s
A series RLC circuit has lower and upper half power
frequencies as 100 rad/ sec and 110 rad/ sec , quality factor is (C) 2.08, 480 /
/s
(D) 6.25, 1600 rad/s
_______

in 5 Volumes
Page
A series RLC circuit has a resonant frequency of 50 rad/s In a series RLC circuit R = 75 Ω , L = 15 mH and C = 0.02 μF
and a quality factor of 80. If the impedance at resonance is . The lower and upper cutoff frequencies respectively are
10 W, then value of R, L and C is given by
(A) 780 Hz, 1070 Hz
(A) 10 W, 16 H, 25 µF
(B) 8800 Hz, 9595 Hz
(B) 20 W, 32 H, 12.5 F
(C) 55.2 kHz, 60.2 kHz
(C) 10 W, 2.5 mH, 160 mF
(D) 44 kHz, 62 kHz
(D) 10 W, 62.5 mH, 6.4 mF
n
QUESTION 13.29
QUESTION 13.25
. i
For a se C circuit if R = 2 Ω , L = 1 mH and C = 0.4 μF
A series RLC circuit has resonance frequency w0 , if w1 and

co . What are the approximate values of half power frequencies ?
w2 are lower and upper half power frequencies of the circuit
a . 24 krad/ sec , 26 krad/ sec
i
then which of the following is true ? (B) 48 krad/ sec , 50 krad/ sec
(A) w0 ( )
o d (C) 49 krad/ sec , 51 krad/ sec

(B) w0 = w2 + w1
2
. n (D) can not be determined
(C) w0 w1 w2
o p
sh
(D) w0 w1 w2
QUESTION 13.30
In a series RLC circuit with quality factor Q , at resonance

the voltage across inductor is Vo . If the source voltage is Vs
in
QUESTION 13.26 then Vo equals to
.
Vs
o
A series RLC circuit has a quality factor of 120 and a resonant (A) Q
c
frequency of 10 krad/s. The lower half power frequency of
the circuit is
a . Q
_______ rad/
d i (C) Q 2
o
(D) 1
n
Q2
p.
o
sh
QUESTION 13.27
QUESTION 13.31
A series RLC circuit has R = 50 Ω = 100 μH and C = 1 μF
. The lower half power frequency of the circuit is In a series RLC circuit, if the quality factor Q > 1, then in
the condition of resonance
(A) 30.55 kHz
(A) voltage across inductor is zero
(B) 3.055 kHz
(B) voltage across inductor is less than the applied voltage
(C) 51.92 kHz
(C) voltage across inductor is greater then applied voltage
(D) 19.2 kHz
(D) voltage across inductor is same as applied voltage

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The quality factor of the circuit shown in figure is In the following RLC circuit, at resonance I = 2 mA and

quality factor is given as Q = 50 . The magnitude of the
current flowing through inductor will be
_______
n
_______
. i
c o QUESTION 13.36
a . arallel RLC circuit resonates at a frequency of 2 MHz.
i
QUESTION 13.33 At a frequency 2.2 MHz the nature of circuit impedance will
o d
A series R-L-C circuit excited by a 10 V sinusoidal voltage
be
n
source of variable frequency, exhibits resonance (A) restive
.
0 Hz
and has a 3 dB bandwidth of 5 Hz. The voltage across the
p
(B) inductive
inductor L at resonance is
(A) 10 V
h o (C) capacitive
s
(D) none of these
(B) 10 2 V
(C) 10/ 2 V
(D) 200 V
in
QUESTION 13.37
o. In a parallel RLC circuit the impedance below the resonant
. c frequency is
a
QUESTION 13.34
i
A) Capacitive
d
The value of Z in figure which is most appropriate to c (B) Inductive
o
parallel resonance at 500 Hz is
n
(C) Pure resistive
p. (D) Either (A) or (B)
o
sh
QUESTION 13.38
(A) 125.00 mH In RLC circuit total admittance of the circuit at resonance is
(B) 304.20 µF
F (A) maximum is parallel circuit and minimum in series
circuit
(C) 2.0 µF
F
(B) minimum in parallel circuit and maximum in series
(D) 0.05 µF
F
circuit

in 5 Volumes
Page
(C) minimum in both series and parallel circuit QUESTION 13.42
(D) maximum in both series and parallel circuit A parallel RLC circuit has bandwidth 100 rad/s and the
lower half-power frequency 1000 rad/s . If R = 200 Ω , then

the values of L and C are respectively
(A) 2 H, 0.45 µF
(B) 20 mH, 50 µF
QUESTION 13.39
(C) 10 mH, 100 µF
In a parallel RLC network height of resonance curve is
determined by (D) 18.2 mH, 50 µF
(A) R alone
(B) L alone
(C) C alone
. i n
QUESTION 13.43
o
(D) L and C
c
A parallel RLC circuit has R = 100 kΩ and half power
a. uencies of 101 krad/ sec and 99 krad/ sec . The values of
i
and C respectively are
QUESTION 13.40
o d (A) 5 mH, 2 nF
. n
(B) 20 mH, 5 nF
p
For parallel RLC circuit, which one of the following (C) 50 H, 2 pF
o
statements is NOT correct ?
sh
(D) 10 mH, 5 nF
(A) The bandwidth of the circuit decreases if R is increased
(B) The bandwidth of the circuit remains same if L is
increased
(C) At resonance, input impedance is a real quantity
QUESTION 13.44
in
(D) At resonance, the magnitude of input impedance attains
.
its minimum value. Consider the parallel RLC network shown in figure below.
o
The phasor voltage Vo across the network at lower and upper
.c
half-power frequency are respectively equal to
i a
QUESTION 13.41
o d
A parallel RLC circuit resonates at
. n a frequency
p
w0 = 10 krad/ sec and has an admittance .5 mS at
o
resonance. If C = 1 μF then values of R are
(A) 5 kW, 100 mH
(B) 1 kW, 10 mH
s h (A)
(B) 2
2 45c kV ,
5c kV , 2
2 45c kV
5c kV
(C) 2 kW, 10 mH (C) 2 45c kV , 2 45c kV
(D) 2 kW, 100 mH 1 45c kV , 1 - 45c kV
(D)
2 2

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A parallel resonant circuit has resonant frequency Consider the following statements S1 and S2

w0 = 50 rad/ sec and quality factor Q = 40 . Bandwidth of
S1 : At the resonant frequency the impedance of a series
the circuit is
RLC circuit is zero.
_______ rad/sec S2 :In a parallel GLC circuit, increasing the conductance G

results in increase in its Q factor.
Which one of the following is correct?
(A) S1 is FALSE and S2 is TRUE
(B) Both S1 and S2 are TRUE
QUESTION 13.46
(C) S1 is TRUE and S2 is FALSE
In a parallel RLC circuit if the value of capacitance C is
n
(D) Both S and S2 are FALSE
i
increased, remaining all other element values same then
which of the following quantity also increases
o.
c
(A) resonant frequency
(B) quality factor
a .
(C) bandwidth
d i QUESTION 13.50
o
(D) both (B) and (C) A parallel RLC circuit has quality factor Q and resonance
n
frequency of w0 . At any frequency w the admittance of the
p. circuit is
o (A) : 1 + jQ a w − w0 kD
sh
R w0 w
QUESTION 13.47 1 1 + jQ w0 − w
(B)
R: aw w0 kD
A parallel resonant circuit has quality factor Q = 50 . If each
of the R, L and C is doubled from their original values then (C) R : jQ a w − w0 kD
w0 w
what is the new quality factor ?
in
w w0
(D) 1 :1 a w0 − w kD
.
R
o
_______
. c
i a
d
QUESTION 13.51
o
QUESTION 13.48
n
A parallel resonant circuit has R = 10 kΩ , L = 5 mH and
p.
A parallel resonant circuit resonates at 1000 r nd has a
quality factor of 80. If C = 0.2 μF , then the values of L and
C = 20 nF , what are the half power frequencies for the circuit
?
R are respectively
o
sh
(A) 95 krad/ sec , 105 krad/ sec
(A) 5 H, 62.5 W
(B) 112.5 / sec, 117.5 / sec
(B) 10 H, 125 W
(C) 97.5 / sec, 102.5 / sec
(C) 0.2 H, 40 W
(D) can not be determined
(D) 5 H, 400 kW

in 5 Volumes
Page
QUESTION 13.52 1
(A)
LC - R2 C 2
A parallel RLC circuit has R = 500 Ω , L = 0.1 mH and
C = 0.1 μF . The lower half power frequency of the circuit is (B) 1

LC + R2 C 2
_______ kHz 1 - R 2
LC b L l
(C)
(D) 1
LC
QUESTION 13.53
A parallel resonant circuit has R = 8 kΩ , L = 20 mH a n d

C = 80 nF The damping factor ( ) is QUESTION 13.56
_______
.i n
The Resonant frequency of the circuit shown in figure is
c o
a .
d i
o
QUESTION 13.54
.n
The resonant frequency ( ) of the two-terminal network
shown in figure is
o p
sh
_______ krad/sec
in
QUESTION 13.57
.
(A) w0 = 1
LC
o
The following circuit shown in figure resonates at
.c
(B) w0 = 1
LC − ( )2
(C) w0 = 1
ia
d
R ( )2
(D) w0 = 1 − 1
n o
.
LC
C ( )2
o p
sh
(A) all frequencies
QUESTION 13.55 (B) 0.5 rad/sec
The resonant frequency of the following circuit is (C) 5 rad/sec
(D) 1 rad/sec

GATE EE vol-3
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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
QUESTION 13.58
At resonance, the given parallel circuit constituted by an

iron-cored coil and a capacitor behaves like
(A) 20 - j5
(B) 10 + j5
(C) 10 − j2220 Ω
(D) 10 + j10 Ω
(A) an open-circuit
(B) a short-circuit
. i n
o
(C) a pure resistor of value R
(D) a pure resistor of value much higher than R
. c
QUESTION 13.61
d ia The circuit shown in the figure is energized by a sinusoidal

voltage source V1 at a frequency which causes resonance with
n o a current of I .
QUESTION 13.59
p.
o
The resonant frequency for the given circuit will be
sh
. in
The phasor diagram which is applicable to this circuit is
co
.
(A) 1 rad/s
ia
(B) 2 rad/s
d
(C) 3 rad/s
(D) 4 rad/s
n o
p.
o
QUESTION 13.60
sh
The impedance Z 26 j13 Ω and Z 13 j339 Ω are
connected in parallel as shown in the figure. The value of Z 3
which will produce resonance at the terminal a , b, is

in 5 Volumes
Page
QUESTION 13.64
The RL circuit of the figure is fed from a constant magnitude,

variable frequency sinusoidal voltage source Vin . At 100 Hz,

the R and L elements each have a voltage drop Vrms .If the
frequency of the source is changed to 50 Hz, then new voltage
drop across R is
QUESTION 13.62
For the circuit shown below resonant frequency ω o is
. i n
o
(A) ms
. c 2V
a
3 rms
d i 8V
o
(C)
5 rms
. n (D) 3V
p
2 rms
o
__ krad/sec
s h
QUESTION 13.65
QUESTION 13.63
In the given circuit the maximum voltage across capacitor is
in
The rms value of the current i ( ) in the circuit shown below
.
is
c o
a .
d i
n o
p.
o
sh
_______ Volt
(A) 1 A
2
(B) 1 A
2
(C) 1 A
(D) 2A

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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
The circuit shown below is driven by a sinusoidal input The Q -factor of the following RL circuit is

vi Vp cos ( /RC ). The steady state output vo is
_______
(A) (Vp /3) cos ( /RC )
i n
(B) (Vp /3) sin ( /RC )
(C) (Vp /2) cos ( /RC )
o.
. c
(D) (Vp /2) sin ( /RC )
QUESTION 13.70
ia The resonant frequency of the circuit shown in figure is
o d
QUESTION 13.67
. n
op
A capacitor of Q -factor 120 is connected in series with an
sh
inductor having Q -factor of 40. The overall Q -factor of the
circuit is
_______
in
_______ rad/sec
o.
c
QUESTION 13.68
a .
i
The ratio of Q -factors of the following circuits respectively is
QUESTION 13.71
o d The type of the filter shown in figure is
. n
o p
sh
(A) Low pass
_______ (B) High pass
(C) Band pass
(D) Band stop

in 5 Volumes
Page
QUESTION 13.72
The circuit shown in figure is a

(A) Low pass filter

(B) High pass filter
(C) band pass filter
(A) Low pass filter
n
(D) band reject filter
i
(B) high-pass filter
(C) Band-pass filter
o.
(D) Band-stop filter
. c
i a QUESTION 13.75
o d For the RLC network shown below, the impedance seen at
. n
terminal a -b is Z Now, R, L and C are changed such that
QUESTION 13.73
p
new values of impedance becomes as Znew 10 4 Z , The new
o
values of R, L and C are given by
The RC circuit shown in the figure is
sh
. in
co (A W, 10 kH, 20 µF
a . 40 kW, 10 kH, 40 µF
(A) a low-pass filter
d i (C) 40 kW, 10 kH, 25 µF
o
(B) a high-pass filter (D) 40 kW, 0.1 mH, 25 µF
(C) a band-pass filter
. n
(D) a band-reject filter
o p
sh QUESTION 13.76
In a series RLC circuit both magnitude and frequency scaling

QUESTION 13.74 are done. Which of the following quantity does not change ?
The circuit of the figure represents a (A) Resonant frequency

(B) Bandwidth
(C) Quality factor
(D) None of above

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QUESTION 13.77 (B) Km = 1000 , K f = 800
A parallel RLC circuit has R = 10 kΩ , L = 5 mH and (C) Km = 400 , K f = 500

C = 10 μF . If the circuit is magnitude scaled by a factor of (D) Km = 500 , K f = 400
100 and frequency scaled by a factor of 1000 then what are
the new values of R, L and C ***********
(A) 1 MW, 0.5 mH, 10 nF
(B) 0.1 MW, 0.5 mH, 100 pF
(C) 1 MW, 0.5 mH, 100 pF
(D) 10 MW, 50 mH, 100 nF
. i n
QUESTION 13.78
c o
A RLC circuit with R = 100 Ω , L = 2 H and C = 5 μF is
a .
i
scaled such that the new parameter values are Rl = 10 k
d
and Ll = 1 H . What is the new value of capacitance C l
no
.
___ nF
o p
QUESTION 13.79 s h
The circuit shown in figure (A) is magnitude scaled by a
factor of Km and frequency scaled by a factor of K f resulting
in
in the circuit shown in figure (B), the values of Km and K f
respectively are
o.
. c
i a
o d
. n
o p
sh
(A) Km = 800 , K f = 1000

in 5 Volumes
Page
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTION 13.1
Correct option is (D).

R || j 1C
n
Vo =
i
j L + R || 1
.
j C
o
R/ ( jwRC))
=
.c
j L + R/
R/ ( jwRC)) ZI( )
Vo ( ) = ( ) (Using voltage division)
Z1 Z2
ia
= R
R jwL ( ) Vo ( ) Z1 Z 2
d
=
Is ( ) Z1 Z2
o
= R
)+j L
n
2
( jw 1
.
1 + jw
j 1 + jw
= jw
p
1 + jw + 1 + 1 +1jw
o
jw
sh
1 + jw
=
j 1 jw + 1
SOLUTION 13.2
jw
=
2( )2
Correct option is (A).
Combining the parallel connected impedances
1 W resistor in parallel with 1 H inductor
. in
jw
Z1 = 1 || jw =
1 + jw
1 F capacitor is in parallel with 1 W resistor

c oSOLUTION 13.3
Z2 = 1 || 1 = 1
a . ect answer is 20.
i
j 1 jw
Vo ^ jwh
H ^ jw h =
Now, circuit can be reduced as
o d V1 ^ jwh
n
R
.
=
R jωL
o p Gain, H ^ jw h = R = 0.6
sh
R2 + 2
L2
R2 = ^0.6h ^R2 + L2h

2 2
^30h2 = ^0.3366h6^30h2 + 2
^2 h2@
Transforming the current source in to equivalent voltage 4w2 = 1600
source
or w = 20 rad/s

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SOLUTION 13.4 600 pF in series with 1200 pF,

( )( )
Correct answer is 5. = 400 pF

600 + 1200
60 + j L
Vo ( ) = c
60 jwL m s
Output, V( )
R
Vo ( ) 60 _1 + j L
60 i
=
Vs ( ) ( ) 81 + Rj+L60 B
Comparing
R + 60 = 100
R = 40
Resonant frequency,
j L jw
60
=
12 w0 = 1
n
LC
L = 60 = 5 H
.i = 1
o
12 −6
6
100 # 10 # 400 # 10 12
.c = 5 # 106 /
/s
i a
SOLUTION 13.5
o d
Correct option is (B).
. n
p
SOLUTION 13.7
o
We have L = 1 H and C = 1 # 10−6 F
400
sh
Correct answer is 5.
Resonant frequency
The resonant frequency is given as
f0 = 1
2π LC w0 = 1
LC
= 1
f0 = 1
2p 1 # 1 # 10 - 6 2p LC
in
400
. = 1
o
3 4
= 10 # 20 = 10 Hz 4π2 f 2 C
c
2p p
. - 1
a
6 2 12
4( )( ) ( )
d i = 5 μH
SOLUTION 13.6
n o
p.
Combining parallel connected capacito
o
sh
SOLUTION 13.8
600 pF + 600 pF = 120
Either for series or parallel network, resonant frequency
w0 = 1
LC
f0 = 1
2p LC
C = 1
4π2 f 2 L

in 5 Volumes
Page
So Pav = 1 b 1 # 40 l
1 2 16
- 3 2 3
= 1.25 W
4( )( ) ( )
= 4 # 10−10 F 400 pF
SOLUTION 13.12
SOLUTION 13.9
Voltage across capacitor in resonant condition
Resonant frequency for a series resonance circuit is given as VC = IR c 1 m I R " current at resonance
j C
1
n
f0 =
i
2p LC = Vs c 1 m
.
Vs " Source voltage
R j C
o
All components values are doubled
c
Rl 2R , Ll 2L , C l 2C w0 = 1
.
(cut off frequency)
1 LC
a
f0l =
i
2π LlC l Vs 1
1 b
Cl
So, VC =
d
1 f jR LC
o
= = 0
2π 2L # C 2
= Vs L
. n jR C
o p
sh
SOLUTION 13.10
SOLUTION 13.13
In the circuit voltage across inductor and capacitor is equal Correct option is (C).
so circuit is in resonant condition, current in the circuit at In a series RLC circuit, at resonance current is given as
in
resonance is given as Vs
.
= Vs " source voltage
I =V
o
R
R
.c
Voltage across capacitor at resonance
= 100 = 5 A
a
20 Ω VC = 1 IR
i
j C
o d =− j 1 bVs l
ω0C R
. n
p
VC = Vs − 90c
SOLUTION 13.11 w0C
CR
o
sh
Correct answer is 1.25. VC = Vs
wCR
Average power dissipated at resonance is
Voltage across capacitor can be greater than input voltage
Pav = 1 I 2 R depending upon values of w, C and R but it is 90c out of
2
phase with the input.
I " magnitude of current at resonance
Vs
I =
R
10 0c 1
= = A
40 4

GATE EE vol-3
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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
SOLUTION 13.14

Total impedance of series resonating circuit is
Z = R j b wL − 1 l
wC
Impedance vs frequency graph is shown as below
n
SOLUTION 13.16
. i
o
c
R = 10 Ω
a . dwidth,
For w < w0 , XL < XC , so nature of impedance woul

d i BW = R = 20
L
o
capacitive.
n
L = R = 10 = 0.5 H
.
20 20
o p w0 = 1
sh
LC
SOLUTION 13.15 C = 12
ω0L
Correct option is (A). 1
Impedance of the given network is = 3 2 = 2 μF
( ) # 0.5
Z = R j b wL − 1 l
in
wC
Admittance,
o.
Y = 1 =
c
1
.
Z R j b wL − 1 l SOLUTION 13.17
a
wC
R
d i
j b wL − 1 l
o
= 1 wC We know that bandwidth of series RLC circuit is R .
# L
n
R j b wL − 1 l R j b wL − Therefore
.
wC
p
Bandwidth of filter 1 is,
j b wL − 1 l
o
R
wC B1 = R
L1
sh
= 2
R2 + b L − 1 l
wC Bandwidth of filter 2 is,
jb L − 1 l B2 = R
R wC L2
= 2 − 2
R2 + b L − 1 l R +b L − 1 l
wC wC = R = 4R
L1 /4 L1
R ^Y h + Im ^Y h
= Re Dividing above equation,
By varying frequency for Re ^Y h and Im ^Y h we can obtain B1 = 1
B2 4
the admittance-locus.

in 5 Volumes
Page
SOLUTION 13.18 Bandwidth,
Correct option is (B). B = w0 = w0 ( /R)

Q ( /R)
Quality factor is given as
=R
Q = wL L
R
Resonant frequency
= 64 # 5 = 320 rad/s
w = 1
LC
= 1
0.01 # 100 # 10−6
= 103 rad/ sec
SOLUTION 13.21
3
So, Q = 10 # 0.01 = 1
n
10
Correct option is (C).
.i
Quality Q = w0 L
o
R
a .c Q\ 1
R
i
SOLUTION 13.19
d
where w0 = 1
o
Correct answer is 10.48. LC
n
Resonant frequency,
.
Resonant frequency is independent of resistance R.
p
w0 = w1 w2
o
= 100 # 110
sh
= 104.
Bandwidth, B = w2 w1 SOLUTION 13.22
= 110 − 100 Correct option is (B).

For the series RLC circuit, quality factor is given by
in
= 10 rad/ sec
L
.
Q = 1
Quality factor, Q = ω0 R C
o
B
.c
W R, L and C are doubled,
= 104.88 = 10.48 2L
a
10 Ql = 1
i
2R C
o d = 1
2R
L =Q
C 2
. n Q l = 100 = 50
p
Thus,
SOLUTION 13.20 2
o
sh
Resonant frequency,
w0 = 1 = 1600
LC SOLUTION 13.23
L = 1
( )2C Correct option is (C).
= 1 At resonance impedance is equal to resistance, so
2 6
( ) ( )
R = 12 Ω
= 1 H Resonant frequency
64

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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
w0 = 1 = 1000
LC w2 = w0 =
2
1 +c 1 m + 1 G
2Q Q

L = 1 = 25 mH
106 # 40 # 10 6
where Q is quality factor
For a series RLC circuit, w1 w2 = w20 & w0 = w1 w2
Quality factor,
Q = ω0L
R
3
( )( )
=
12 SOLUTION 13.26
= 2.08
Bandwidth, The lower half power frequency is given as
BW = ω 0
Q
.i n w1 =
2
1 +c 1 m − 1 G
2Q Q
= R = 480 rad/s
co
.
2
L =( 3
)= 1 + b 1
l − 1 G
2 # 120 2( )
ia
d
- 9958 rad/s
n o
SOLUTION 13.24
p.
o
sh
SOLUTION 13.27
At resonance, Z = R = 10 Ω
Quality factor, Q = w0 L = 80 Resonant frequency,
R
R( ) w0 = 1
L = LC
in
ω0
.
1
10 ( ) 100 # 10−66 # 10
o
6
= ( 50 /s)
50
. c
= 16 H = 105 rad/ sec
ia
Resonant frequency, ality factor,
Q = ω0L
d
w0 = 1
R
o
LC
. n
5 6
C = 12 = 10 # 100 # 10
ω0L 50
= 1 = 25
o p = 0. 2
sh
( )2( ) Lower half-power frequency
1 +c 1 m − 1 G
2
w1 = w0 =
2Q Q
1 +b l
2
= 105 < 1 − 1 F
2 # 0. 2 2 # 0. 2
SOLUTION 13.25
= 105 6 7.25 2.5@
For a series resonant circuit = 0.192 # 105
w1 = w0 =
2
1 +c 1 m − 1 G = 19.2 kHz
2Q Q

in 5 Volumes
Page
SOLUTION 13.28 3 3
= 50 # 10 # 10 = 25
2
Bandwidth,
For a series RLC circuit lower and upper cut off frequencies
are given as B = ω0
Q
f
f1 = f0 1 + 1 2 − 0
( ) 2Q 3
= 50 # 10 = 2 krad/ sec
25
1 f0
f2 = f0 1+ + Half power frequencies approximately
( ) 2
2Q
where f0 " resonant frequency w1 = ω 0 − B

2
Q " Quality factor = 50 − 1 49 krad/ sec
f0 = 1
w2 = ω 0 + B
n
2p LC
i
2
=
2p (
1
3
) ( .02 # 10 6)
o. = 50 + 1 51 krad/ sec
- 9189 Hz
a .c
For series RLC circuit,
Q = 1 L
d i
R C
n o SOLUTION 13.30
= 1 15 # 10−3
75 0.02 # 10−6
p. Correct option is (A).
= 11.55
o Vo = IR (
sh
)
Substituting these values into the expression of f1 and f2
= Vs ( ) IR " current at resonance
R
f1 = 9189 1+ - 9189
( .55) 2 2 ( .55)
Vo = j L
- 8800 Hz Vs R
in
f2 = 9189 1+ 1 + 9189
V = w0 L = Q
.
( .55) 2
2 ( .55) R
- 9595 Hz
c o
a .
d i SOLUTION 13.31
n o
.
SOLUTION 13.29 Correct option is (C).
p
In series RLC circuit at resonance current is
o
Correct option is (C). IR = Vs , Vs " source voltage
R
sh
Resonant frequency,
w0 = 1 Voltage across inductor is
LC VL = j LIIR
1
= −33 6 = j LVs
10 # 0.4 # 10 R
= 50 krad/ sec
= jQV
Vs Q = w0 L
Quality factor, R
Since Q > 1 So VL > Vs
Q = ω0L
R

GATE EE vol-3
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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
SOLUTION 13.32 1
w = (Resonant Frequency)
LC

Resonant frequency of the circuit C = 12
wL
w0 = 1
LC = 1
# ^500h # 2
2 2
4#
= 1
50 # 200 # 10−6 C = 0.05 μF
= 1 −2 = 10 rad/ sec
10
Since source frequency is same as resonant frequency so, the
circuit is at resonance. Voltage across inductor is
VL = Vs j L SOLUTION 13.35
R
=j Q
. i n
Q = VL = 40 = 2
o
Admittance of the circuit is
.c
Vs 20
Y = 1 + jb C − 1 l
R wL
ia
d
At resonance,
o
Y = 1
R
. n
SOLUTION 13.33
Voltage across the circuit
o p V = IR
R
sh
Let input, Vs = 10 0c At resonant condition, current through inductor
Resonant frequency, IL = V
j L
w0 = 2p # 100 rad/ sec
3-dB Bandwidth, R = − jQI
= IR Q R/w0 L
j L
( ) = 2 # 5 rad/ sec
in
IL = Q I = 50 # 2 = 100 mA
.
Quality factor, Q = w0
o
Tw
c
= 100 = 20
.
5
Voltage across inductor at resonance is given as

i a
d
VL = Q Vs SOLUTION 13.36
VL = 20 # 10 = 200 V
n o
.
p
From the curve we can see that for w > w0 , XC > XL so
o
impedance is capacitive.
SOLUTION 13.34 sh
Resonance will occur only when Z is capacitive. In parallel
resonance condition, susceptance of circuit should be zero.
1 +j C = 0
j L
1 - w2 LC = 0

in 5 Volumes
Page
SOLUTION 13.37 SOLUTION 13.40
Correct option is (B). Correct option is (D).

In a parallel RLC circuit admittance Bandwidth of a parallel RLC circuit

Y = 1 + jb C − 1 l BW = 1
R wL RC
For frequency below resonant frequency So, if R is increased bandwidth decreases and it remains
same. If L is increased.
wC < 1
wL Statement (A) and (B) are true.
So, admittance is capacitive and impedance will be inductive. Input admittance of parallel RLC circuit as shown.
SOLUTION 13.38
. i n
co
.
a
In series RLC circuit impedance is
i
put impedance,
Z = R j b wL − 1 l
d
wC Zin = 1
Yin
n o
At resonance impedance would be minimum. So admittance
.
= 1
is maximum. 1 + 1 +j C
p
In parallel RLC circuit admittance is R jwL
Y = 1 + jb C − 1 l
o
sh
R wL At resonance wL = 1
wC
At resonance,
So impedance, Zin = 1 = R (Maximum)
Y = 1 (minimum) 1//R
R
Admittance Yin = 1 (Minimum)
R
. in
c o
.
SOLUTION 13.39

i a SOLUTION 13.41
o d Correct option is (C).
n
Admittance at resonance
p. Y ( ) = 1 = 0.5 mS
R
o
sh
R = 1 = 2 kΩ
0.5 # 10−3
Resonant frequency,
w0 = 1
LC
= 10 # 103
Height of the curve (impedance at resonance) depends only
L = 1
on R. 8
10 # 1 # 10 6
ZR = R (At resonance) = 10 mH

GATE EE vol-3
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Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
Correct option is (D). Correct option is (C).

For a parallel RLC circuit, bandwidth At lower half-power frequency admittance of the parallel
circuit is given as
B = 1 = 100
RCC
Y1 = 1 ( )
1 R
C = = 50 μF
( )( )
= 1 ( )
Lower half-power frequency 1 # 103
w1 = 1000 rad/ sec = (1 − j1) mS
Upper half-power frequency At upper half-power frequency admittance is
w2 = w1 + B Y2 = 1 ( )
R
n
= 1000 + 100 = 1100 rad/ sec
i
= 1 ( )
.
Resonant frequency 1 # 103
o
= (1 + j1) mS
w0 = w1 w2 = 1048.8
c
/s
/
.
e, Vo1 = I
1 = 1048.8 Y1
a
w0 =
i
LC
2 0c
d
=
1 ( ) # 10−3
o
L =
( .8) 2 (5
(50 # 10 6)
n
(At lower half-power frequency)
.
= 18.2 mH
=
p
2 45c kV
o Vo2 = I =
2 0c
sh
Y2 ( ) # 10−3
(At upper half-power frequency)
SOLUTION 13.43 = 2 45c kV
in
Bandwidth,
.
B = w2 w1
= 101 − 99 = 2 / sec
c o SOLUTION 13.45
B = 1 = 2 # 103
a .
i
RC
C rect answer is 1.25.
d
Bandwidth is given as,
1
o
C = = 5 nF
2 # 103 # 100 # 103 B = ω0
Q
w1 = w0 − B
. n
p
2 = 50 = 1.. / sec
o
40
sh
3
99 = w0 − 2 # 10
2
w0 = 100 krad/ sec (resonant frequency)
1 = 100 103
#
LC SOLUTION 13.46
L = 1 = 20 mH Correct option is (B).

10 # 5 # 10−9
10
Quality factor, Q = w0 RC
= 1 RC
LC

in 5 Volumes
Page
C SOLUTION 13.49
=R
L
Q\ C Impedance of series RLC circuit at resonant frequency is

minimum, not zero. Actually imaginary part is zero.
Bandwidth, B = 1
RC 1
Z = R j ` wL − wC j
B\ 1
C
At resonance wL − 1 = 0 and Z = R , i.e. impedance
wC
Resonant frequency,
is purely resistive. Thus S1 is false
w0 \ 1
C C
Quality factor, Q =R
L
n
Since G = 1 Q = 1
i
R G L
SOLUTION 13.47
o.
If G - Q . provided C and L are constant. Thus S2 is
c
als
a .
i
For parallel resonant circuit
Q =R C
L
o d
Ql = 2R 2C = 2Q
. n SOLUTION 13.50
p
2L
o
= 2 # 50 = 100 Correct option is (D).
sh
Admittance of a parallel RLC circuit is
Y ( ) = 1 + jb C − 1 l ...(1)
R wL
Quality factor,
SOLUTION 13.48 Q = w0 RC = R
w0 L

So,
.in =
Q
o
Rw0
w0 = 1000 rad/s
1 = 1000
. c L = R
a
w0 = ω0Q
i
LC
d
1 Now, put the value of C and L in equation (1), we get
L =
o
) C
2 wQ w0 Q
Y ( ) = 1 + jc
wR m
( −
n
R Rw0
.
= 1 = 5H
p = 1 :1 + jQ a w − w0 kD
( ) ( .2 # 10 6)
2
o
R w0 w
For a parallel RLC circuit, quality fact
sh
Q = w0 RC
Q
R =
ω0C
SOLUTION 13.51
= 80 = 400 kΩ
( ) ( .2 # 10−6)
Resonant frequency,
w0 = 1
LC

GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-5
Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
= 1
= 500 0.1 # 10−6 = 15.81
100 # 10−12 0.1 # 10−3

= 1−5 = 100 krad/ sec So, f1 = 50.33
50 33 1+ 1 − 50.33
10 ( .81) 2 2 ( .81)
Bandwidth,
= 48.76 kHz
B = 1
RC
= 1
10 # 103 # 20 # 10 9
=5 / sec SOLUTION 13.53
Q = ω0 Correct answer is 0.03125.

B
n
Damping factor is given as
= 100 = 20
5
. i = 1 Q " Quality factor
o
2Q
c
Since Q > 10 . So approximate half power frequencies
. Q =R C
w1 = ω 0 − B
a
L
i
2
d = 8 # 103 80 # 10−9 = 16
o
= 100 − 5 20 # 10−3
2
= 97.5 / sec
. n So x = 1 = 0.03125
p
2 # 16
w2 = ω 0 + B
o
2
sh
= 100 + 5
2
= 102.5 / sec
SOLUTION 13.54
in
Impedance of the network seen at terminals a , b
SOLUTION 13.52
o. Z = j L || c R + 1 m
j C
. c )cR + 1 m
a
Correct answer is 48.76. (
i
j C
Lower half frequency of a parallel RLC circuit is given b =
d
j L+R+ 1
j C
o
f
f1 = f0 1 + 1 2 − 0
2Q
n
( ) L/C + j LR
.
=
R j b wL − 1 l
p
where f0 " Resonant frequency wC
Q " Quality factor
o
sh
At resonance Z = 0 ,
f0 = 1
2p LC So, w0 LR = w0 L / 0C
L /C R
= 1
( .1 # 10 3) ((00. w0 R2 C = w0 L − 1
6
2 )
w0 C
= 50.33 kHz
w20 ( 2 2
) =− 1
For parallel RLC circuit,
C w0 = 1
Q =R LC − (
L )2

in 5 Volumes
Page
SOLUTION 13.55 1
w =
LC − R2 C 2
= 1
( .15 10 3
0 6)
2 # 10 (25 # 4 # 10 −12)
= 1
^3 # 10 10
h 10−10
= 70.7 k rad/sec
Input impedance,
Z ( ) = c 1 m || ( ) SOLUTION 13.57
j C
=
( ) //jjwC
. i n
o
R jwL 1/jwC Impedance of given circuit can be obtain as following
.c
=
R j wL Z ^ jw
j h = R ;c jwL + 1 m || 1 E
j C j C
a
( 2
) + j RC
=
( ) [( w2 LC)) ]
d i j b L − 1 lb−
wCC
j
Cl
o
( 2
) 2 + w2 R2 C 2 = R+
j
jb L − 1 l −
. n
At resonance, Im [ (w)] = 0 wC
C C
p j b L − 1 lb 1
w0 L ( R2 C = 0 Cl
o
So, 2
) 0 wC
C
= R−
sh
1 − j
1 − R 2 b wL − wC
Cl
C bL l
w0 = C
LC
For resonance condition

Im 6Z ^ jw
j h@ = 0
wL - 1 = 0
in
SOLUTION 13.56 wC
Correct answer is 70.7.

o.
Resonance frequency
.c
w = 1
Input impedance, LC
Z ( ) = j L || c R + 1 m
j C
ia = 1
d
4#1
o
j L ^R /jwC h
=
n
j L+R /jwC = 1 = 0.5
.
/ sec
4
p
j LR + L/C
o
=
R j ^wL
L− / C
sh
For resonance,
Im [ (jw)] = 0
SOLUTION 13.58
wLR = ^wL
L / Ch
L /C R Correct option is (D).
Input admittance of given circuit
wR2 C = ^wL
L / Ch
Y ^ jw
j h= 1 +j C
w2 R2 C 2 = ( 2
1) R jwL
w2 ( 2
)=1
2
1 ^R j wL h
= +j C
R jwL # ^R j wL h

GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-5
Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
R j wL SOLUTION 13.60
= +j C
R2 + 2 L2

= R + j c C − 2 wL 2 2 m Total impedance of the circuit
R2 + 2 L2 R + L
For parallel resonant circuit, at resonance Z = Z 3 + Z1 Z 2
Z1 Z 2
Im 6Y ^ jw
j h@ = 0
( )( )
= Z3 +
R 39 − j26
So, 6Y ^ jw
j h@ =
R2 + 2 L2 = Z3 + 5 5i
Impedance, Let, Z3 = R jjX
Z ^ jjwh = 1
Y ^ jw
j h So Z =R 25 j( 5)
2 2 2 For resonance, Z will be purely resistive so,
=R + L
i n
R X =0
2
= R+ w L > R
2
o. =5
c
R
.
Z3 = R jj5 , R could be any value.
a
So, at resonance impedance of the circuit is much higher
i
than R.
o d
. n SOLUTION 13.61
SOLUTION 13.59
o p Correct option is (A).
sh
At resonance total reactance of the circuit will be zero. The
combination of L and C acts as a short circuit. Therefore,
Impedance of the circuit is
voltage V2 will be is same phase with V1 . However, voltage
1 R VC across the capacitor lags the supply voltage V1 by 90c. So
j C
Z = j L+ the phasor diagram is
1 +R
in
j C
= j L+ R
1+j C
CR
1−j C
CR
R #1−j C
CR
o.
R( )
. c
a
= j L+
i
1+w C R
2 2 2
j L( )+R jwCR2
d
2 2 2
o
=
1 + w C 2 R2
2
j 6 L (1 + w2 C 2 R2) −
. n
p
= R +
1 + w2 C 2 R2 1 + w2 C 2 R
o
sh
For resonance Im ( ) = 0
So, wL
L (1 + 2
C 2 R2) = w SOLUTION 13.62
L = 0.1 H , C = 1 F , R = 1 Ω
So, w # 0.1 [1 2
(1) (1)] = w (1) (1) 2
To obtain input impedance, we put a test source across input
terminals as shown in figure
0.1 + w2 = 10
or w = 9 =3 / sec

in 5 Volumes
Page
Since the capacitor and inductive reactances are equal in

magnitude, the net impedance of that branch will become
zero.
Equivalent circuit
Writing loop equation for the left loop
Vtest V1 − ^ j L h Itest d
1 nbI + V1 l = 0
test
j C 2
Since V1 = Itest R ,
So, Vtest = Itest <R j wL + 1 + R F

j C j C
i ( ) = sin t = (1 sin t) A
n
Current
1Ω
j h = Vtest = R
Z ^ jw
Itest
j b wL − 1 − R l
wC
C C
.i
rms value of current
o
.c
For resonance irms = 1 A
Im 6Z ^ jw
j h@ = 0 2
wL - 1 - R = 0
i a
d
wC
C C
wL - 1 - 10 = 0
n o
.
wC
C C SOLUTION 13.64
wL - 6 = 0
wC
o p Correct option is (C).
sh
At f1 = 100 Hz , voltage drop across R and L is Vrms
w2 = 6
LC Vrms = Vin R
R jwL
w = 6 V ( )
LC =
R jw1 L
in
= 6
.
1 # 10 3 # 50 # 10 9 So, R = w1 L
o
at f z , voltage drop across R
.c
= 346. k rad/sec
Vrms1 = Vin R
R jw2 L
i a Vrms = R jw2 L
o d Vrms1 R jw1 L
. n
SOLUTION 13.63 = R2 + 2
2 L2
R2 + L2
p
2
1
o
Correct option is (B). w12 L2 + w22 L2 ,
= R L
sh
The frequency domains equivalent circuit at w = 1 / sec . w12 L2 + w12 L2
1
= w12 + w22
2w12
f 2 f 22
=
2f 12
^100h2 + ^50h2 5
= =
2 ^100h 8
Vrms1 = 8V
5 rms

GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-5
Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
SOLUTION 13.65

First we obtain Thevenin equivalent seen by LC combination.
Thevenin Voltage (Open Circuit Voltage) :
Resonance frequency,
w0 = 1 = 1000 rad/ sec
LC
Quality factor,
Qo = ω 0 L
R
n
= 1000 # 4 = 1066.67
. i
3.75
75
o
Transforming the dependent current source into equivalent
The voltage across capacitor will be maximum at the
c
dependent voltage source
resonance which is given as
a . VC = Q VTh
i
max
d
= 1066.67 # V
n o
p.
o
sh
SOLUTION 13.66
3 c V1 1 05V1
1.05 10 Th
VTh = 3 cV ( I1 = 0 , due to open circuit)
Consider the circuit into frequency domain as shown below
Thevenin Resistance :
= VTh
Open
p circuit voltage
g
in
RTh =
short
h circuit current Isc
o.
.c
i a
o d
. n
3 c V1 1 05V1
1.05
o
10Isc = 0 p
sh
125Isc + 1.05 ^125I
3 − 125I 125Isc h − 10I
3 − 125I
125Isc + 131.25Isc − 10Isc = 0
3.75IIsc = 3
Isc = 0.8 A For parallel combination of R and C equivalent impedance is

1
RTh = 3 = 3.75 Ω ^Rh j C
0.8 Z1 =
R+ 1
Now, the circuit becomes as j C

in 5 Volumes
Page
R SOLUTION 13.69
=
1 + j RC
Transfer function can be written as

Quality factor of parallel R-L circuit is given by
Vo ( )
= Z1
Vi ( ) Z s + Z1 Q = RP = 400 = 20
XP 20
R
1 + j RC
=
R+ 1 + R
j C 1 + j RC
j RC
= SOLUTION 13.70
j R
RCC ( )2
j Correct answer is 0.5 .
=
j ( ) 2
1
n
w0 =
i
Input frequency, w = 1/RC Leq Ceq
Vo ( ) j
o. Ceq = C1 C2
C1 C 2
c
= =1
.
Vi ( ) ( )2 j 3
ia
( )( )
V = = 2F
Thus, vo ( ) = b p l cos ( /RC)) 3+6
d
3
o
Leq = L1 L2
L1 L 2
. n
p
( )( )
= = 2H
4+4
SOLUTION 13.67
o
sh
So w0 = 1
2#2
Overall Q -factor, = 1 = 0.. / sec
2
Q Q2
Q =
Q Q2
in
120 ( )
.
= = 30
120 + 40
c oSOLUTION 13.71
a .
i
orrect option is (A).
d
First consider lower frequencies
SOLUTION 13.68
o
lim j L = 0 (Short-circuit)
n
w"0
.
p
For series RL circuit, lim 1 = 3 (Open circuit)
j C
o
w"0
X
sh
Q1 = = 200 = 40 So the circuit is
R 5
For parallel RL circuit,

Q2 = R = 5 = 0.025
X 200
Q1
Ratio = 40 = 1600
Q2 0.025
Vo ( ) = Vs ( )
Now at higher frequencies impedances are

GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-5
Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
lim j L = 3 (Open-circuit) SOLUTION 13.73

w"3

lim 1 = 0 (Short-circuit)
w " 3j C At w " 3 , capacitor acts as short circuited and the circuit is
as shown below
The circuit is
So it passes lower frequencies and blocks higher frequencies.
n
This is a low-pass filter.
. i
o
Vo ( )
Here we get, =0
Vi ( )
. c w " 0 , capacitor acts as open circuited and circuit is

SOLUTION 13.72
ia own as below

o d
At low frequencies, lim j L = 0 i.e. inductors a
.n
p
w"0
o
short circuit, so the circuit is
sh
Vo ( )
in
Here we get also, =0
Vi ( )
o. jw h R || 1
.c
j C
=
Vi ^ jwh
c R || j C m + c R + j C m
Vo ( ) = Vs ( ) 1 1
At high frequencies, lim j L = 3 i.e. inductor acts as a

i a
d
w"3
= R
open circuit, so the circuit is
j C
CRR + R ^ j C h^1 + j C
CRRh ^ jwCRh
n o R
.
=
− w2 C 2 R2 + j C
CR + 1
o p =
^1
R
C 2 R 2h + j
sh
2
C
CR
So frequency response of the circuit is as shown in figure and
circuit is a Band pass filter.
Vo ( ) = R2 Vs ( )
R1 R2
Vo ( ) < Vs ( )
So it suppresses the higher frequencies. This is a low-pass
filter.

in 5 Volumes
Page
Correct option is (D). Correct option is (C).

At w = 0 , capacitor impedance 1/wC " 3 (open circuit) This is called magnitude scaling where the all impedances in
and the inductor impedance j L " 0 (short circuit), the a network scaled by a factor and frequency response remains
circuit is as shown in figure below. unchanged.
Scale factor,
Km = Znew
new
= 10 4
Z
Rnew = Km R = (10 4) (4) 40 kΩ
Lnew = Km L = (10 4) (1) 10 kH
Cnew = C
Km
.i n −3
= 250 #410 = 25 μF
o
Vo ( ) = RL V ( ) 10
.c
RL Rs s
a
(It passes low frequencies)
At w = 3, capacitor impedance 1/wC " 0 (short circu
and the inductor impedance j L " 3 (open circuit
d i
circuit is as shown in figure below,
no SOLUTION 13.76
p. Correct option is (C).
o
Let Km and K f are the magnitude scaling factor and
sh
frequency scaling factor respectively. When both scaling are
done, values of components are
Rl = Km R ,
Ll = Km L ,
Kf
in
= C
RL
.
Vo ( ) = Vs ( ) Km K f
RL Rs
c o w0l = 1
.
(It passes high frequencies also)
LlC l
a
If take L1 L2 = L and C1 C2 = C , then at resonant
i = 1 = Kf ω0
frequency w0 = 1 , the impedances becomes as
d
Km L C
LC c K f mc Km K f m
n o
.
j L1 || 1 =3 (Open circuit)
j C1 Quality factor,
p Ql = 1
o
j L2 + 1 = 0 (Short circuit) w0lRlC l
sh
j C2
So, Ql = 1
The circuit becomes as
( )( )c C m
Km K f
= 1 =Q
w0 RC
C
So, this is a band stop filter.

GATE EE vol-3
GATE EE vol-5
Signals and Systems
Power Electronics
SOLUTION 13.77 New component values are given by

Rl = Km R ,

Magnitude-scaling factor, Km = 100 Ll = Km L ,
Kf
Frequency-scaling factor, K f = 103
Cl = 1 C
New values of component Km K f
Rl = Km R 6
So, Km = 9.6 # 103 = 800
= 100 # 10 kΩ MΩ 12 # 10
Km = 32 μH
Ll = Km L Kf 40 μH
Kf
= 1003 # 5 mH
H 0.5 mH K f = Km # 40
32
n
10
Cl = C
.i = 800 # 40 = 1000
o
Km K f 32
=
10 μF
= 100 pF
. c
a
100 # 103
i
***********
o d
. n
p
SOLUTION 13.78
o
sh
Let Km and K f are magnitude and frequency scaling factor
Rl = Km R
3
So, Km = 10 # 10 = 100
100
Ll = Km L
Kf
. in
Km = 1
c o
Kf 2
a .
So, K f = 2K
2Km = 200
d i
Cl = C
K f Km
n o
=
5 μF
p.
o
100 # 200
sh
= 2.5 # 10−10 0.25
25
= 0.25 nF
SOLUTION 13.79


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GATE Electrical Engineering Vol 3, 3e

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

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Printed by Nodia and Company, Jaipur

The few significant changes in this edition are as follows:

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Transform Theory: Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, z-Transform.

Section 2: Electric Circuits

Section 3: Electromagnetic Fields

Section 4: Signals and Systems

Section 6: Power Systems

Section 7: Control Systems

Section 8: Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Section 9: Analog and Digital Electronics

Section 10: Power Electronics

CHAPTER 1 Basic Concept 3-18

CHAPTER 1 Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field Intensity 3 - 22

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 1 Continuous Time Signals 3-38

d i For the circuit shown below the input frequency is adjusted

For the network shown in figure, the transfer function

o d For the circuit shown in figure transfer function is given as

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QUESTION 13.5 QUESTION 13.9

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering-2017, Volume-3

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The voltage across the capacitor in a series RLC circuit at

resonance is affected by the value of

A series RLC circuit resonates at a frequency of 4 kHz. The

A series RLC circuit has a bandwidth of 20 rad/s and

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QUESTION 13.17 QUESTION 13.20

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering-2017, Volume-3

In a series RLC circuit if value of the resistance R is increased

. c (B) resonant frequency increases

ia ) quality factor decreases

o d (D) quality factor remains same

A series RLC circuit has the following parameter values :

QUESTION 13.19 (A) 0.48, 2.08 krad/s

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QUESTION 13.24 QUESTION 13.28

A series RLC circuit has resonance frequency w0 , if w1 and

w2 are lower and upper half power frequencies of the circuit

a . 24 krad/ sec , 26 krad/ sec