An Empirical study on Impact of Project Managers’ soft skills and its

influence on IT project success.

Arthika Rajaratnam
Department of Information Technology
Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce
University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Abstract key aspects for success of project managers.

Purpose of this study is to identify and
assess the impact of project managers’
communication, motivation, team building
and delegation, problem finding, analyzing,
solving skills on project success while
concurrently assessing the impact of these
skills as moderating variables on association
between project mangers’ soft skills and
project success. This study gathered views
of 95 individuals associated with
organizations related to projects. Stratified
Simple Random Sampling Probability
convenience sampling technique was used
for drawing samples from population.
Descriptive statistics, correlation and
regression analysis was used to analyse the
data. This study indicates that a statistically
significant positive relationship exists
between each of identified soft skills and
success of project and moderation impact of
team work on soft skills. The study amply
highlights the importance of project
mangers’ motivation skills and problem
finding, analysing and solving skills. It is
hoped that results of this study will provide
organizations and individual’s related to
projects with key skills especially soft skills
to focus and successfully execute the
projects.
Research Problem Identification
Within past five years at ABC company has
moderate rate of project success. Per this
study, identified requirement of soft skills as
And has been identified a which soft skills
of project managers' influence on project
success and many parties including the
stakeholders of the projects. Most of those
incidents were based on identical root causes
being repetitions caused due to project
communication within project stakeholders',
team work with collaboratively and
motivationally with project manager and
team. As well as scope cut down by project
managers per business requirements.
The main symptoms of this situation can be
identified as project communication with
overseas team members and customer
representative. Further more effective
communication between project manager
and team members will make negative affect
on the project success. When having
retrospective meeting about project release
team member will talk about in and out
about this area. If team members and project
manager not agree to some points they will
go through discussion. At this point project
manager, must use their soft skills to
communicate the situation with team
members and organization. Currently in
ABC organization managers has average of
leadership skills, communication skills and
motivation skills. As well as an adaptability
and flexibility and functional strengths also
there as a soft skills of project managers. All
project managers should have oral and
written communication skills. Traditionally
communication methods are well defined
but when project managers using those
methods there will be negative or positive
effect on team members or team work.
And specially when they communicate with
overseas team members they should re think
about communication methods, how should
they address the situation. Deal with people
of different backgrounds and developing
relationship with different kinds of people
will be prove project managers’ motivation
skills. Motivate and show how important are
them to project success. Project managers
should know how to achieve project goals
and deal with conflicts from both inside and
outside. Controlling skills are very important
as soft skills.
Next main symptoms of situation can be
identified as reinventing the wheel situation
(duplicating a basic process or a method
which had already been invented or
optimized). Hence the ability of timely
completion of the projects as well as
continues performance level agreement
(PLA) openings have become the positive
results of such practices which recorded
significant rise in project success during last
five years.
Always should change developments per
customer requirements due to practice of
agile methodology which is used by ABC
Company. Then must allocate extra
resources. If project manager got late to
understand scope got increased and should
allocate more resources, then project will be
going to fail. Or else project manager should
be able to negotiate with customers and
team members about scope changes, time
limitation and budget deviation.
Currently Project managers should have an
idea about team members needs and is that
needs full filling from them. When compare
to salary and benefits those be in level to
industrial level. But in ABC company not
focus on that area. Due to that more
employees leaving the company. And when
getting salary bonus as a benefit to
employee company reducing some amount
who already completing more than 10 years
at ABC pvt ltd. Project managers should
keep proper eye on this salary bonus need.
When compare to Maslow theory level 4
and 5 should achieve by project managers in
ABC company. Project managers should pay
more attention when they doing employee
evaluation also. Not to drag down employee
self-motivation by saying “you’re not good
at this rather than you can improve this area
more than this”.
Hence, at the occurrence of such scenarios,
'tactful negotiation skills and convincing
abilities' were used as the sole change
management technique to conceal the
severity of the exact impact which took
place. Nevertheless, the continuation of the
above situation pops a question regarding
the sustainability of the organization.
Further, this situation leads towards making
judgement on to which extent that the tactful
negotiation skills cover-up so called
ignorant reworks and repetitions that would
impact the sustainability and the growth of
the organization in the long run.
Justification of the Problem
ABC Company always cost calculating by
man years / man hours. Scope Changed by
Project owner. This cost calculating by
Project Manager and then Project owner will
check it and approve. Cost can be two way
like Customer representative report cost and
Project cost hours cost. Direct cost can be
outside customer representative cost or team
outing. Project Managers will handle scope,
time and resources cut or increase. Project
Managers’ Rarely change time. But internal
project time line can change.
Among the works and repetitions occurred
through various project teams of ABC
Organization, there are the most projecting
cases which created below cases.
The following figures and secondary data
analysis will justify as to how ABC Pvt Ltd
was handling the project completion and
deliveries by using project managers’ soft
skills.
The above stated cases are real project
example of ABC organizations’ project
success ratio situation.
Defining Research Problem
The justifications as given above for the
research problem have lead towards the
deriving of the following problem statement.
“Over the Past five years, non-development
of soft skill of Project Managers have
affected the project success ratio adversely
of the ABC Pvt ltd”
Research Question
This research intends, What are the main
soft skills of project managers’ and its effect
on project success.
Objectives of the Study
Objectives of this research are,
1. To explore and identify current project
managers’ soft skills how effects on project
success. To examine and understand what
are the good soft skills to improve to make
success the projects.
2. To investigate and identify the impact of
project managers’ soft skills on project
success.
3. Recommendation for how to improve
current project managers’ soft skills and its
effect on project success.
Conceptual Framework
The following hypotheses are proposed to
assess the impact of project manager’s soft
skills on project success,
Hypothesis 1

H10: There is no relationship between

project manager’s communication skills and
project success.
H1a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s communication skills and project
success.

Hypothesis 2

H20: There is no relationship between

project manager’s motivation skills and
project success.
H2a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s motivation skills and project
success.

Hypothesis 3

H30: There is no relationship between

project manager’s team building and
delegation skill at project success.
H3a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s team building and delegation
skill at project success.
Hypothesis 4
H40: There is no relationship between
project manager’s problem finding,
analyzing and solving skill at project
success.
H4a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s problem finding, analyzing and
solving skill at project success.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Researcher had conducted the reliability test
for both independent variable and dependent
variable data through SPSS. Then for both
type of variables researcher got Cronbach’s
alpha value above 0.7 as per below. Hence
the reliability level of the questionnaire
feedbacks was proved.
From the 95 employees, 61 employees were
male and 34 were female. And 74 were
middle level management and 21 were
senior level management.
Then the respondents were profiled based on
their age and the level of experience as
below.

Operationalization
 Question A2
A2 - Others understand easily what project
managers explain to them.

About A2 mean value obtain 3.81. That is

on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding A2. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, others understand easily what
project managers explain to them.

Question A3
A3 - Project managers keep all project
stakeholders informed and up-to-date with
regular meetings and distribution of all
performance reports, status changes, and
other project documents.

About A3 mean value obtain 4.01. That is

on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding A3. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers keep all
project stakeholders informed and up-to-date
with regular meetings and distribution of all
performance reports, status changes, and
other project documents.

Descriptive Statistics Analysis Question A4

A4 - Project managers can hold the attention
Independent Variable 1 – of an audience while presenting.
Communication Skill
About A4 mean value obtain 3.72. That is
Question A1 on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
A1 - During team assignments, Project view of respond is Agree regarding A4. This
managers often talk to team members to means that most of the people have the
understand the team’s current standing. opinion that, Project managers can hold the
attention of an audience while presenting.
About A1 mean value obtain 4.08. That is
on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding A1. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers often talk to
team members to understand the team’s
current standing during team assignments.
Summary challenging and specific, and that are linked
to organizational objectives.

Question B3
B3 - Project managers able to combine and
rotate job assignments so that people can
learn and use a variety of skills.

About B3 mean value obtain 3.37. That is on

average basis is 3. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Neutral (not decided)
regarding B3. That is the Project managers
able to combine and rotate job assignments
so that people can learn and use a variety of
skills seems to be not taken place in a
transparent and acceptable manner. This is
Independent Variable 2 – Motivation
the area to be streamline to improve
Skill
motivation skills of project managers at
ABC company.
Question B1
B1 - Project managers able to understand
Question B4
what motivates each individual member of
B4 - When Project managers see good work,
my team.
they praise it immediately.
About B1 mean value obtain 3.38. That is on
average basis is 3. Therefore, overall view
About B4 mean value obtain 3.82. That is on
of respond is Neutral (not decided)
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
regarding B1. That is the Project managers
of respond is Agree regarding B4. This
able to understand what motivates each
means that most of the people have the
individual member of my team seems to be
opinion that, When Project managers see
not taken place in a transparent and
good work, they praise it immediately.
acceptable manner. This is the area to be
streamline to improve motivation skills of
Summary
project managers at ABC company.

Question B2
B2 - Project managers able to help people
establish performance goals that are
challenging and specific, and that are linked
to organizational objectives

About B2 mean value obtain 3.76. That is on

average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding B2. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to help
people establish performance goals that are
Independent Variable 3 – Team Building
and Delegation Skills
Question C1
C1 - Project managers able to delegate work
that is confidential and sensitive in nature as
well as other work.
About C1 mean value obtain 3.86. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding C1. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to
delegate work that is confidential and
sensitive in nature as well as other work.
Question C2
C2 - Project managers able to delegate
larger projects to teams of people, giving
them appropriate responsibility and clearly
defining their authority for decision-making.
About C2 mean value obtain 3.82. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding C2. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to
delegate larger projects to teams of people,
giving them appropriate responsibility and
clearly defining their authority for decision-
making.
Question C3
C3 - Project managers able to cooperate/
work together with others to meet a common
objective.
About C3 mean value obtain 4.08. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding C3. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to
cooperate/ work together with others to meet
a common objective.
Question C4
C4 - Project managers able to form a team
spirit (willingness to cooperate as part of a
team).
About C4 mean value obtain 3.72. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding C4. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to form
a team spirit (willingness to cooperate as
part of a team).
Summary:
Independent Variable 4 – Problem
finding, analyzing, solving skills
Question D1
D1 - Project managers evaluate potential
solutions as they think of them
About D1 mean value obtain 3.58. That is
on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding D1. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers evaluate
potential solutions as they think of them.
Question D2
D2 - Project managers able to see how
assignments/projects/team work fit into the
larger picture of the module/company.
About D2 mean value obtain 3.99. That is
on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding D2. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to see
how assignments/projects/team work fit into
the larger picture of the module/company.
Question D3
D3 - Project managers able to ask lots of
different questions about the nature of the
problem.
About D3 mean value obtain 3.6. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding D3. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to ask
lots of different questions about the nature
of the problem.
Question D4
D4 - Project managers systematically search
for issues that may become problems in the
future.
About D4 mean value obtain 3.74. That is
on average basis is 4. Therefore, overall
view of respond is Agree regarding D4. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers
systematically search for issues that may
become problems in the future.
Summary:
Dependent Variable – Problem Success
Question E1
E1 - Project managers able to meet project
results which is stakeholder’s expectations.
About E1 mean value obtain 3.82. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding E1. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to meet
project results which is stakeholder’s
expectations.
Question E2
E2 - Project managers able to provide with
enough freedom to work creatively on a
project.
About E2 mean value obtain 3.51. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding E2. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to
provide with enough freedom to work
creatively on a project.
Question E3
E3 - Project managers’ always have back up
plan in case something goes wrong.
About E3 mean value obtain 3.64. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding E3. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers’ always have
back up plan in case something goes wrong.
Question E4
E4 - Project managers able to plan
effectively (e.g. Project budget, time and
scope).
About E4 mean value obtain 3.82. That is on
average basis is 4. Therefore, overall view
of respond is Agree regarding E4. This
means that most of the people have the
opinion that, Project managers able to plan
effectively (e.g. Project budget, time and
scope).
Summary:
Descriptive statistic for all variables
When look at descriptive statistics for
variable wise all variables mean value
approximately equal to 4. That’s indicating
all people view is agreed from Likert Scale.
Hypothesis 1
H10: There is no relationship between
project manager’s communication skills and
project success.
H1a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s communication skills and project
success.
Per the Correlation analysis above there is
a 34% (0.345) relationship between
communication skills and project success.
Since p = 0.345 and its, 0.2 ≤ p < 0.4, there
is a weak positive relationship is available
between communication skills and project
success. Since the significance value is
0.001 which is less than 0.05. p-value <
significant level 0.001 < 0.05. It has very
strong evidence to accept alternative
hypothesis (H1a) and reject null hypothesis
(H10). Researcher accepts the alternative
hypothesis consider that communication
skills and project success have a significant
relationship. However, Regression analysis,
this means when x is varies, y will become
varying. In other words, y is dependent on x.
This indicates that adjusted R2 value is 11%
and therefore the impact of communication
skills on project success is only 11% which
is significantly low. Hence, concludes that
communication skill has impact on project
success at ABC Company.
Hypothesis 2
H20: There is no relationship between
project manager’s motivation skills and
project success.
H2a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s motivation skills and project
success.
Per the correlation analysis above there is a
30% (0.299) relationship between
motivation skills and project success.
Since p = 0.299 and its, 0.2 ≤ p < 0.4, there
is a weak positive relationship is available
between motivation skills and project
success.
Since the significance value is 0.003 which
is less than 0.05. p-value < significant level,
0.003 < 0.05. It has very strong evidence to
accept alternative hypothesis (H2a) and
reject null hypothesis (H20). Researcher
accept that alternative hypothesis and
consider that motivation skills and project
success have a significant relationship.
However, Regression analysis, this
indicates that adjusted R2 value is 8% and
therefore the impact of motivation skills on
project success is only 8% which is
significantly low.
Hence, concludes that motivation skill has
impact on project success at ABC company.
Hypothesis 3
H30: There is no relationship between
project manager’s team building and
delegation skills and project success.
H3a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s team building and delegation
skills and project success.
Per the correlation analysis above there is a
46% (0.460) relationship between team
building and delegation skills and project
success.
Since p = 0.460 and its, 0.4 ≤ p < 0.6, there
is a moderate positive relationship is
available between team building and
delegation skills and project success. Since
the significance value is 0.000 which is less
than 0.05.
p-value < significant level 0.000 < 0.05
It has very strong evidence to accept
alternative hypothesis (H3a) and reject null
hypothesis (H30). Researcher accepts that
alternative hypothesis consider that team
building and delegation skills and project
success have a significant relationship.
However, Regression analysis, this indicates
that adjusted R2 value is 20% and therefore
the impact of team building and delegation
skills on project success is only 20% which
is significantly high. Hence, concludes that
team building and delegation skill has
impact on project success at ABC Company.
Hypothesis 4
H40: There is no relationship between
project manager’s problem finding,
analyzing and solving skills and project
success.
H4a: There is a relationship between project
manager’s problem finding, analyzing and
solving skills and project success.
Per the correlation analysis above there is a
40% (0.396) relationship between problem
finding, analyzing skills and project success.
Since p = 0.396 and its, 0.2 ≤ p < 0.4, there
is a weak positive relationship is available
between problem finding, analyzing skills
and project success. Since the significance
value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05.p-
value < significant level 0.000 < 0.05. It has
very strong evidence to accept alternative
hypothesis (H4a) and reject null hypothesis
(H40). Researcher accepts that alternative
hypothesis consider that problem finding,
analyzing skills and project success have a
significant relationship. However,
Regression analysis,
This indicate that adjusted R2 value is 15%
and therefore the impact of problem finding,
analyzing skills on project success is only
15% which is significantly low. Hence,
concludes that problem finding, analyzing
skill has impact on project success at ABC
Company.
Summary Hypothesis
Conclusion
During current research, it has been
established that in ABC Company context,
project managers’ communication skills
positively affect the outcome of a project,
which is in line with the findings of the
earlier research done on the subject; though
the contribution as indicated by this study is
relatively small (11% only) as compared to
other soft skills.
There is weak positive significant
relationship at 95% confident level between
communication skills and project success.
This conclusion can take directly from
analysis. This means when consider about
communication skills of project managers
agree as a factor for project success at ABC
Company. It proves that with a 95% level of
acceptance that communication skill has
positive contribution for project success.
More all in this conclusion it is very much
necessary to revisit the communication skills
of project managers for the good future of
project success of ABC Company.
Moreover, it has also been established that
communication skills causes 11% weak
positive impact on association between
communication skills and project success,
which doesn’t seem much. Apropos, it
implies that a project manager equipped
with better communication skills will be
able to get the better job done from the team
members and consequently will be able to
positively influence the projects’ outcome.
Positive impact of motivation skills on
project has also been established by this
study, which is in line with earlier findings
as has been highlighted in the preceding
literature review. Moreover, it has also been
established that motivation causes 8% weak
positive impact on association between
motivation skills and project success, which
is quite sizeable.
There is weak positive significant
relationship at 95% confident level between
motivation skills and project success. This
conclusion can take directly from analysis.
This means when consider about motivation
skills of project managers agree as a factor
for project success at ABC Company. It
proves that with a 95% level of acceptance
that motivation skill has positive
contribution for project success. More all in
this conclusion it is very much necessary to
revisit the motivation skills of project
managers for the good future of project
success of ABC Company.
There is moderate positive significant
relationship at 95% confident level between
team building and delegation skills and
project success. This conclusion can take
directly from analysis. This means when
consider about team building and delegation
skills of project managers agree as a factor
for project success at ABC Company. It
proves that with a 95% level of acceptance
that team building and delegation skill has
moderate positive contribution for project
success. More all in this conclusion it is very
much necessary to revisit the team building
and delegation skills of project managers for
the good future of project success of ABC
Company.
It has been established that team work
causes 20% moderation positive impact on
association between team building and
delegation skills and project success, which
is reasonable strong and merits attention by
individual of the project relate organizations.
There is moderate positive significant
relationship at 95% confident level between
problem finding, analyzing and solving
skills and project success. This conclusion
can take directly from analysis. This means
when consider about problem finding,
analyzing and solving skills of project
managers agree as a factor for project
success at ABC Company. It proves that
with a 95% level of acceptance that problem
finding, analyzing and solving skill has
moderate positive contribution for project
success. More all in this conclusion it is very
much necessary to revisit the problem
finding, analyzing and solving skills of
project managers for the good future of
project success of ABC Company.
Moreover, it has also been established that
team work causes 15% moderation positive
impact on association between problem
finding, analyzing and solving skills and
project success.
Recommendations
Eliminating communication barriers will
improve and facilitate communication.
However, with the adoption of certain
practices in a communication plan, the most
important results will follow. For example,
created a framework for addressing
communication barriers globally, however,
it is not enough to create a communication
plan. An example of direct improvement
could occur with the development of skills
adopted a positive communication. Indirect
improvement could occur if this positive
change has allowed better communication
between different cultures. It works to
improve communication within the
organization is done on a larger scale project
level.
Considerations in structuring a project such
as equipment selection and construction can
be crucial for effective communication. In
addition, applying best practices, such as
listening actively in subsequent efforts,
could increase the chances of effective
communication
The project manager should get develop
trust by the team and gets the team to work
together will communicate successfully.
Project team members need to collaborate,
share, collate and integrate information and
knowledge to realize project objectives. A
project manager does not communicate with
language only, but also with character,
which includes attitude, behavior and
personality.
They should allow team members to take
responsibility for their work and sharing the
vision with team members will enhance the
formal flow of information in all directions,
namely upward, downward, horizontal,
diagonal and lateral, resulting in successful
feedback. Thus, project managers who
should allow the team to take responsibility
for their work will attain more from team
members and communication will be more
effective. The results indicated a people-
orientated approach towards the
management of a project. PMs should
consider communicating effectively any idea
that possibly affects project success, such as
strategic goals and the big picture.
Project Managers should state that team
members trust leaders and clearly shows that
work that is defined and communicated is
effective. From that team members use the
vision to give the life and work of the
organization a sense of meaning and
purpose, but maintain the focus on the
vision. All team members enlist others by
involving them, listening to them and clearly
communicating with each other. Then can
assumes that team members enjoy their
work and will take responsibility for
applying and directing the aims of the
project. This does not require external
control but is achieved through participation,
collaboration and reward for achievements.
For workers to take responsibility for their
work leads to maturity. With this
management style, it includes understanding
the level of the worker’s maturity. The styles
that a project manager with characteristics
such as allowing team members to take
responsibility for their work; developing
trust, collaboration and teamwork; and
sharing the vision will apply during the
execution of a project are the Behavioral.
From above data analysis implies that a
project manager must sum up the situation
to adapt a style per the situation. When
project manager may apply above style
during the execution of a project because it
adapts a style per the situation, which allows
team members to take responsibility for their
work, and allowing them to participate in the
decision-making process. This implies that
the project manager trusts the team. These
characteristics of a construction project
manager are the characteristics that will
enhance effective communication and form
the basis of a leadership style.
Project Managers (PMs) should analyze
project attributes such as size, complexity,
and industry type to determine the most
suitable mixture of soft skills that can be
exploited through the project. PMs should
try to determine the best mixture of soft
skills for each stage of the project.
Furthermore, this idea can be extended to
other breakdowns of the project; such as,
tasks, working packages, and milestones.
PMs should revisit the innate motivation
skills and attributes that they think exist in
their personality to optimize them. PMs
should consider developing new soft skills
and tactics that can be exploited for project
success. Maybe it is true that soft skills are
difficult to learn in the classical way, but it
is worthy to recommend that project
management institutes should consider
adding a chapter for soft skills in their
knowledge database to establish a program
of developing soft skills that can affect
project success.
Suggestion for Further Research
Factors considered in this study, soft skills
factors do not cover all possible factors.
Therefore, further studies should occur in
considering the levels of project success
based on soft skills influences.
Since this study is about perceptions, it is
recommended that further studies consider
non-hypothetical situations to compare their
results with this study results. This would
shed a light on how theory and practice
interact.
This study was limited to ABC Company,
and in its did not cover all industrial areas;
therefore, it is recommended further study
occur covering most of the project
management industries, not only observed
and to also include a more detailed study of
the other soft skills to identify possible
differences if exist.
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