CONCLUSION:

Polarity means the direction of the induced voltages in the primary and the secondary
winding of the transformer. If the two transformers are connected in parallel, then the polarity
should be known for the proper connection of the transformer. There are two types of polarity
one is additive, and another is subtractive.

In additive polarity, the same terminals of the primary and the secondary windings of
the transformer are connected. In subtractive polarity, different terminals of the primary and
secondary side of the transformer is connected.

It is essential to know the relative polarities at any instant of the primary and the
secondary terminals for making the correct connections if the transformers are to be
connected in parallel or they are used in a three phase circuit.

In the primary side, the terminals are marked as P and S and from the secondary side
the terminals are named as a1 and a2. The terminal P is connected to one end of the secondary
winding, and a voltmeter is connected between S and the other end of the secondary winding.

When the voltmeter reads the difference that is (V 1 – V2), the transformer is said to be
connected with opposite polarity know as subtractive polarity and when the voltmeter reads
(V1 + V2), the transformer is said to have additive polarity.

INTERPRETATION:
 The winding terminals of a transformer possess polarities. The polarity test can
determine the relative polarity of the primary and secondary of a transformer at any
instant. The transformer has two types of polarity that is additive and subtractive polarity.

In Addictive polarity, the voltage across the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) of a
transformer will be the sum of the voltages at low voltage and High voltage sides. That is,
if V3 measures a value equal to the sum of voltages measured at V1 and V2, then the
polarity will be addictive.

In subtractive polarity, the voltage across will be the difference of the voltages at
two sides. That is if the voltage V3 is the difference of the voltage at V1 and V2 such a
polarity can be termed as subtractive polarity. For subtractive Polarity:

V3 = V2 – V1, for a step up transformer.

V3 = V1- V2, for a step-down transformer.