DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

Prepared by: Engr. Rhon Ammang

SHEAR STRESS
Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress.
The area is always parallel to the force P.

1. Shear stress in the bolt

𝜋
As = 𝐴𝑏 = 𝜋𝑟 2 x no. bolts = 4 𝑑2
2. bolt shear ( double shear)
𝜋
As = 𝐴𝑏 = 2𝑥 𝜋𝑟 2 x no. bolts = 4 𝑑2

BEARING STRESS
Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies.
The area is always perpendicular to the force P.

1.Bearing stress in the plate

A= dB x t
2.Bearing on Projected area on plate
A= dB x t x no. of bolts

BLOCK SHEAR
P= (Ft x At) + (Fv x Av)
Ft= allowable net tension stress of
the plate. 0.5Fu
Fv= allowable shear stress of
the plate. 0.3Fu
At= net tension area
At= 2 ( X1-0.5hole) x t

Av= net shear area

Av= 2 ( 2X3+X1-2.5hole) x t

TENSION STRESS ON THE PLATE

1.Based on gross Area
Ag = b x t
1.Based on net Area
An = [ b - (#Bolts x db)] x t
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Prepared by: Engr. Rhon Ammang

AXIAL DEFORMATION
In the linear portion of the stress-strain diagram, the Stress is proportional to strain and is given
by:
STRESS FORMULA

σ = stress
E = modulus of elasticity
ε = strain
δ = deformation/elongation/deflection
A = cross sectional area STRAINFORMULA
L= Length of object
P= Force

DEFORMATION / ELONGATION / DEFLECTION

TORSION
Given:
τ= torsional shearing stress
T= torque N·mm
ρ = distant form center of the shaft
J = Polar moment of inertia
G= shear modulus
r = radius
θ = angle of twist
L = length of shaft in mm
D = diameter
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Prepared by: Engr. Rhon Ammang

MOVING LOADS

Single Moving Load

For a single moving load, the maximum moment occurs when
the load is at the midspan and the maximum shear occurs
when the load is very near the support (usually assumed to
lie over the support)

Two Moving Loads

For two moving loads, the maximum shear occurs at the
reaction when the larger load is over that support. The
maximum moment is given by

where Ps is the smaller load, Pb is the bigger load, and P

is the total load (P = Ps + Pb).

Two moving loads basic principles

1-Calculate the resultant force
R= P1 + P2
2-Compute for X
Rx=P1(S)
X= P1*S / R
3-the maximum shear occurs at
the reaction when the larger load is over
that support.
4-The maximum moment occurs at the center of
span between the resultants force and larger load