Project name: xxx

Client: xxx
Address: xxx
Project locaton: xxx

General Data:
Total length of the building, L = 100 ft 30480 mm
Total width of the building or span of gable, B = 60 ft 18288 mm
Bayspacing or spacing of rafter = 16 ft 4876 mm
Eave height of the building, HE = 22 ft 6705 mm
Ridge height of the building, HR = 25 ft 7620 mm

Solution:
Sustained wind pressur, qz = CcCICzVb2
1) Basic wind speed from BNBC, Vb = 215 kmph 133 mph
2) Structure importance coefficient, CI = 1 (Table 6.2.9, page-6-33)
3) Velocity -to-pressure conversion coefficient, Cc = 0.0000472 (Page-6-33)
4) Terrain exposure category = A

Eexposure coefficient, Cz and sustained wind pressure, qz: (Table 6.2.10, page-6-33)
C4.5 ( 0-15 ft) 0.368 qz = 0.803 kN/m2
C6 (20 ft) 0.415 qz = 0.905 kN/m2
C9 (30 ft) 0.497 qz = 1.084 kN/m2
C12 (40 ft) 0.565 qz = 1.233 kN/m2
C15 (50 ft) 0.624 qz = 1.361 kN/m2
C18 (60 ft) 0.677 qz = 1.477 kN/m2
C21 (70 ft) 0.725 qz = 1.582 kN/m2
C24 (80 ft) 0.769 qz = 1.678 kN/m2
C27 (90 ft) 0.81 qz = 1.767 kN/m2
C30 (100 ft) 0.849 qz = 1.852 kN/m2
C35 (115 ft) 0.909 qz = 1.983 kN/m2
5) Gust response factor, CG : (Table 6.2.11, page-6-36)
CG4.5 (0-15 ft) 1.654
CG6 (20 ft) 1.592
CG9 (30 ft) 1.511
CG12 (40 ft) 1.457
CG15 (50 ft) 1.418
CG18 (60 ft) 1.388
CG21 (70 ft) 1.363
CG24 (80 ft) 1.342
 CG27 (90 ft) 1.324
CG30 (100 ft) 1.309
CG35 (115 ft) 1.287

Average height of the gable, h = 23.5 ft 7.165 meter

At eave height of the gable frame, qhe = 0.947 kN/m2
For total height or average of gable frame, qh = 0.975 kN/m2
Gust response factor at total or average height, CGh = 1.561

6) Internal peak pressure coefficient, C'pi = 6 0.25

Hence internal pressure or internal suction = C'piqh = 0.244 kN/m2

7) External pressure coefficient Cpe for walls:

a) For transverse wind: B/L = 0.6

Lower value of B/L = 0.1 Cpe = -0.5

Higher value of B/L = 0.65 Cpe = -0.6

Windward wall, Cpe = 0.8 (Figure 6.2.5, page-6-40)

Leeward wall, Cpe = -0.59 (Interpolated value)
Side or End walls, Cpe = -0.7

h/B = 0.39 and 6 5.71 degree

For 6 0 and 6 10 degree
Lower value of h/B = 0.3 Cpe = -0.7 Cpe = -0.9
Higher value of h/B = 0.5 Cpe = -0.7 Cpe = -0.9

Windward roof, Cpe = -0.81

Normal to ridge
Leeward roof, Cpe = -0.7

8) Design pressure for external forces plus internal suction, p = qzCGhCpe+C'piqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 1.247 kN/m2 0.417 klf
15~20 ft p= 1.374 kN/m2 0.459 klf
20~30 ft p= 1.598 kN/m2 0.534 klf
30~40 ft p= 1.784 kN/m2 0.596 klf
40~50 ft p= 1.944 kN/m2 0.65 klf
50~60 ft p= 2.088 kN/m2 0.698 klf
60~70 ft p= 2.22 kN/m2 0.742 klf
70~80 ft p= 2.339 kN/m2 0.782 klf
80~90 ft p= 2.451 kN/m2 0.819 klf
90~100 ft p= 2.557 kN/m2 0.854 klf
100~115 ft p= 2.72 kN/m2 0.909 klf

Windward roof: p= -0.989 kN/m2 -0.33 klf

 Leeward roof: p= -0.821 kN/m2 -0.274 klf
Leeward wall: p= -0.628 kN/m2 -0.21 klf
Side or End walls: p= -0.791 kN/m2 -0.264 klf

9) Design pressure for external forces plus internal pressure, p = qzCGhCpe-C'piqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 0.759 kN/m2 0.254 klf
15~20 ft p= 0.886 kN/m2 0.296 klf
20~30 ft p= 1.11 kN/m2 0.371 klf
30~40 ft p= 1.296 kN/m 2
0.433 klf
40~50 ft p= 1.456 kN/m2 0.487 klf
50~60 ft p= 1.6 kN/m2 0.535 klf
60~70 ft p= 1.732 kN/m 2
0.579 klf
70~80 ft p= 1.851 kN/m2 0.619 klf
80~90 ft p= 1.963 kN/m 2
0.656 klf
90~100 ft p= 2.069 kN/m2 0.691 klf
100~115 ft p= 2.232 kN/m2 0.746 klf

Windward roof: p= -1.477 kN/m2 -0.494 klf

Leeward roof: p= -1.309 kN/m 2
-0.437 klf
Leeward wall: p= -1.116 kN/m2 -0.373 klf
Side or End walls: p= -1.279 kN/m2 -0.427 klf
 30.48 meter
18.288 meter
4.876 meter
6.705 meter
7.62 meter

Interpolation
At eave At h
0 0
0 0
0.94707 0.9745117
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

0
0
1.560545
0
0
0
0
0
 0
0
0

-0.81
-0.81
Project name: xxx
Client: xxx
Address: xxx
Project locaton: xxx

General Data:
Total length of the building, L = 160 ft 48768 mm
Total width of the building or span of gable, B = 65 ft 19812 mm
Bayspacing or spacing of rafter = 20 ft 6096 mm
Eave height of the building, HE = 20 ft 6096 mm
Ridge height of the building, HR = 24 ft 7315 mm

Solution:
Sustained wind pressur, qz = CcCICzVb2
1) Basic wind speed from BNBC, Vb = 210 kmph 130 mph
2) Structure importance coefficient, CI = 1 (Table 6.2.9, page-6-33)
3) Velocity -to-pressure conversion coefficient, Cc = 0.0000472 (Page-6-33)
4) Terrain exposure category = B

Eexposure coefficient, Cz and sustained wind pressure, qz: (Table 6.2.10, page-6-33)
C4.5 ( 0-15 ft) 0.801 qz = 1.667 kN/m2
C6 (20 ft) 0.866 qz = 1.803 kN/m2
C9 (30 ft) 0.972 qz = 2.023 kN/m2
C12 (40 ft) 1.055 qz = 2.196 kN/m2
C15 (50 ft) 1.125 qz = 2.342 kN/m2
C18 (60 ft) 1.185 qz = 2.467 kN/m2
5) Gust response factor, CG : (Table 6.2.11, page-6-36)
CG4.5 (0-15 ft) 1.321
CG6 (20 ft) 1.294
CG9 (30 ft) 1.258
CG12 (40 ft) 1.233
CG15 (50 ft) 1.215
CG18 (60 ft) 1.201

Average height of the gable, h = 22 ft 6.707 meter

At eave height of the gable frame, qhe = 1.81 kN/m2
For total height or average of gable frame, qh = 1.855 kN/m2
Gust response factor at total or average height, CGh = 1.286
6) Internal peak pressure coefficient, C'pi = 6 0.25
Hence internal pressure or internal suction = C'piqh = 0.464 kN/m2

7) External pressure coefficient Cpe for walls:

a) For transverse wind: B/L = 0.41

Lower value of B/L = 0.1 Cpe = -0.5

Higher value of B/L = 0.65 Cpe = -0.6

Windward wall, Cpe = 0.8 (Figure 6.2.5, page-6-40)

Leeward wall, Cpe = -0.56 (Interpolated value)
Side or End walls, Cpe = -0.7

h/B = 0.34 and 6 7.02 degree

For 6 0 and 6 10 degree
Lower value of h/B = 0.3 Cpe = -0.7 Cpe = 0.2
Higher value of h/B = 0.5 Cpe = -0.7 Cpe = -0.9

Windward roof, Cpe = -0.22

Normal to ridge
Leeward roof, Cpe = -0.7

8) Design pressure for external forces plus internal suction, p = qzCGhCpe+C'piqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 2.179 kN/m2 0.91 klf
15~20 ft p= 2.319 kN/m2 0.969 klf
20~30 ft p= 2.545 kN/m2 1.063 klf
30~40 ft p= 2.723 kN/m 2
1.137 klf
40~50 ft p= 2.873 kN/m2 1.2 klf
50~60 ft p= 3.002 kN/m2 1.254 klf

Windward roof: p= -0.061 kN/m2 -0.025 klf

Leeward roof: p= -1.206 kN/m2 -0.504 klf
Leeward wall: p= -0.839 kN/m2 -0.35 klf
Side or End walls: p= -1.165 kN/m 2
-0.487 klf

9) Design pressure for external forces plus internal pressure, p = qzCGhCpe-C'piqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 1.251 kN/m2 0.523 klf
15~20 ft p= 1.391 kN/m 2
0.581 klf
20~30 ft p= 1.617 kN/m2 0.675 klf
30~40 ft p= 1.795 kN/m2 0.75 klf
 40~50 ft p= 1.945 kN/m2 0.812 klf
50~60 ft p= 2.074 kN/m2 0.866 klf

Windward roof: p= -0.989 kN/m2 -0.413 klf

Leeward roof: p= -2.134 kN/m2
-0.891 klf
Leeward wall: p= -1.767 kN/m2 -0.738 klf
Side or End walls: p= -2.093 kN/m2 -0.874 klf
48.768 meter
19.812 meter
6.096 meter
6.096 meter
7.315 meter

Interpolation
At eave At h
0 0
0 0
1.81004 1.8548467
0 0
0 0
0 0

0
0
1.285516
0
0
0
-0.07
-0.84
Date: xxx
Project name: xxx
Client: xxx
Address: xxx
Project locaton: xxx

General Data:
Total length of the building, L = 80 ft 24384 mm
Total width of the building, B = 45 ft 13716 mm
Bayspacing or spacing of frame = 16 ft 4876 mm
Hight of each floor, HFL = 10 ft 3048 mm
Eave height of the building from ground level, HE = 62 ft 18897 mm
Top height of the building from ground level, HR = 70 ft 21336 mm
Height of parapet wall, HPW = 3 ft 914 mm

Solution:
Slenderness of the Building: NON SLENDER
Sustained wind pressur, qz = CcCICzVb2

1) Basic wind speed from BNBC (page-6-32), Vb = 210 kmph 130 mph
2) Structure importance coefficient, CI = 1 (Table 6.2.9, page-6-33)
3) Velocity -to-pressure conversion coefficient, Cc = 4.72E-05 (Page-6-33)
4) Terrain exposure category = A

Eexposure coefficient, Cz and sustained wind pressure, qz: (Table 6.2.10, page-6-33)
C4.5 ( 0-15 ft) 0.368 qz = 0.766 kN/m2
C6 (20 ft) 0.415 qz = 0.864 kN/m2
C9 (30 ft) 0.497 qz = 1.035 kN/m2
C12 (40 ft) 0.565 qz = 1.176 kN/m2
C15 (50 ft) 0.624 qz = 1.299 kN/m2
C18 (60 ft) 0.677 qz = 1.409 kN/m2
C21 (70 ft) 0.725 qz = 1.509 kN/m2
C24 (80 ft) 0.769 qz = 1.601 kN/m2
C27 (90 ft) 0.81 qz = 1.686 kN/m2
C30 (100 ft) 0.849 qz = 1.767 kN/m2
C35 (115 ft) 0.909 qz = 1.892 kN/m2
C40 (130 ft) 0.965 qz = 2.009 kN/m2
C45 (145 ft) 1.017 qz = 2.117 kN/m2
C50 (160 ft) 1.065 qz = 2.217 kN/m2
5) Gust response factor, CG : (Table 6.2.11, page-6-36)
CG4.5 (0-15 ft) 1.654
CG6 (20 ft) 1.592
CG9 (30 ft) 1.511
CG12 (40 ft) 1.457
CG15 (50 ft) 1.418
CG18 (60 ft) 1.388
CG21 (70 ft) 1.363
CG24 (80 ft) 1.342
CG27 (90 ft) 1.324
CG30 (100 ft) 1.309
CG35 (115 ft) 1.287
CG40 (130 ft) 1.268
CG45 (145 ft) 1.252
CG50 (160 ft) 1.238

Mean roof level/top of parapet whichever greater, h = 66 ft 20.122 meter

At eave height of the building, qHe = 1.439 kN/m2
At mean roof level/top of parapet of the building, qh = 1.48 kN/m2
Gust response factor at: h, CGh = 1.37 (Interpolated value)

h/L = 0.83 and B/L = 0.56

For B/L = 0.5 and B/L 0.65
Lower value of h/B = 0.5 Cpe = 1.45 Cpe = 1.55
Higher value of h/B = 10 Cpe = 1.85 Cpe = 2

Windward wall, Cpe = 1.5 (Interpolated value)

8) Design ovarall wind pressure perpendicular to wall, p = qzCGhCpe

0-15 ft p= 1.574 kN/m2 32.87 psf F= 5.26 kips
15~20 ft p= 1.776 kN/m2 37.09 psf F= 5.935 kips
20~30 ft p= 2.127 kN/m 2
44.42 psf F= 7.108 kips
30~40 ft p= 2.417 kN/m2 50.48 psf F= 8.077 kips
40~50 ft p= 2.669 kN/m2 55.74 psf F= 8.919 kips
50~60 ft p= 2.895 kN/m 2
60.46 psf F= 9.674 kips
60~70 ft p= 3.101 kN/m2 64.77 psf F= 10.363 kips
70~80 ft p= 3.29 kN/m2 68.71 psf F= 10.994 kips
80~90 ft p= 3.465 kN/m 2
72.37 psf F= 11.579 kips
90~100 ft p= 3.631 kN/m2 75.83 psf F= 12.134 kips
100~115 ft p= 3.888 kN/m2 81.2 psf F= 12.993 kips
115~130 ft p= 4.128 kN/m 2
86.21 psf F= 13.795 kips
130~145 ft p= 4.35 kN/m2 90.85 psf F= 14.537 kips
145~160 ft p= 4.556 kN/m2
95.15 psf F= 15.225 kips
24.384 meter
13.716 meter
4.876 meter

18.897 meter
21.336 meter
0.914 mm

Interpolation
At eave At h
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1.4389 1.4797333
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
 0
0
0
0
0
0
1.3703167
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1.49
1.91
Height of the building, H = 100 ft
Height of each story, h = 10 ft
Number of frames of equal rigidity, NF = 4 no.

Total story of the building, n = 10 no.

Beam (Top Floor i.e. below roof) Column (Top Floor i.e. above roof)
Serial Length Total Dimension Length Total Dimension
No.
(ft) No. Depth (in) Width (in) (ft) No. Depth (in) Width (in)
1 10 4 14 10 3
2 12 6 16 10 3
3 14 5 18 12 3
4 16 3
5 18 3
6 20 3
Total roof slab area, A (sft)= 5000 Roof slab thickness, tR (in)= 4
Total length of 5 in brick wall (ft)= 100 Height of the 5 in wall (ft)= 3
Total length of 10 in brick wall (ft) = 0 Height of the 10 in wall (ft)= 3
Ceramic tiles on morter bed (per sft) = 0 3" Lime concrete (per sft) = 30
Suspended celling (per sft) = 10 13 mm Celling (per sft) = 6

Beam (Typical Intermediate Floor) Column (Typical Intermediate Floor)

Serial
Length Total Dimension Length Total Dimension
No.
(ft) No. Depth (in) Width (in) (ft) No. Depth (in) Width (in)
1 10 3 14 10 10 6 10 10
2 12 6 16 12 10 4 12 12
3 14 5 18 12 10 8 16 16
4 16 10
5 18 10
6 20 10
Total floor slab area, A (sft)= 5000 Roof slab thickness, tR (in)= 5
Total length of 5 in brick wall (ft)= 120 Height of the 5 in wall (ft)= 10
Total length of 10 in brick wall (ft) = 80 Height of the 10 in wall (ft)= 10
Ceramic tiles on morter bed (per sft) = 22 20 mm Floor finish (per sft) = 10
Suspended celling (per sft) = 10 13 mm Celling (per sft) = 6

Seismic zone coefficient, Z = 0.15

Structure importance coefficient, I = 1
Response modification coefficient for structural systems, R = 5
Site coefficient for soil characteristics, S = 1.5
Ct = 0.073

Fundamental period of vibration in seconds, T = Ct.H3/4 = 0.95 seconds

Numerical coefficient, C = 1.25S / T =
2/3
1.94
Total seismic dead load, W = 7222.78 Kips
Hence, Design base shear, V = ZICW / R = 420.37 Kips
Concentrated lateral force at top of the building, Ft = 0.07TV or 0.0 27.95 Kips
Distribution of Base Shear: (Force per frame)
Fx = (V-Ft)*
Story wx hx wxhx wxhx/∑wihi P =Fx / NF
wxhx/∑wihi
No (Kips) (ft) (Kip-ft) (Kips) (Kips)
15 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 503.83 100 50383 0.13 51.01 12.75
9 746.55 90 67189.5 0.174 68.28 17.07
8 746.55 80 59724 0.155 60.83 15.21
7 746.55 70 52258.5 0.135 52.98 13.25
6 746.55 60 44793 0.116 45.52 11.38
5 746.55 50 37327.5 0.097 38.06 9.52
4 746.55 40 29862 0.077 30.22 7.56
3 746.55 30 22396.5 0.058 22.76 5.69
2 746.55 20 14931 0.039 15.3 3.83
1 746.55 10 7465.5 0.019 7.46 1.87

W = 7222.78 ∑ = 386330.5 1 392.42

 5250 0
10800 0
14175 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
503.83

3937.5 5625
12960 5400
14175 19200
0 0
0 0
0 0
746.55
Project name: xxx
Client: xxx
Address: xxx
Project locaton: xxx

Yield stress of steel, Fy = 65 ksi

Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi
Bay length I.e. spacing of rafter, LBAY 20 ft
Spacing of purlin i.e. panel length, LPANEL 4.65 ft
Slope of the roof i.e pitch = 7.02 degree

Design wind pressure on wind ward roof, Pw = -2.134 kN/m2

IMPOSED LOAD
Live load, LL = 11.9 psf
Weigth of roof sheeting, WR = 4.36 kg/m2
Purlin mass per unit length, WLMP = C20020 6 kg/m

SOLUTION
Panel area supported by on purlin, APANEL = (LBAY x LPANEL) = 93 sft
LIVE LOAD:
Total live load on each panel, WLL = APANEL x LL = 1106.7 lb
Uniformly distributed live load, wLL = WLL/LBAY = 55.34 plf
DEAD LOAD:
Roof deck load supported by one purlin, WP = APANEL x WR = 82.77 lb
Weight of each purlin, PP = (WLMP x LBAY) = 80.66 lb
Total dead load on each panel, WDL = (PP + WP) = 163.43 lb
Uniformly distributed dead load, wDL = WDL/LBAY = 8.17 plf
WIND LOAD:
Total wind load on each panel, WWL = APANEL x Pw = -4145.01 lb
Uniformly distributed wind load, wWL = WWL/LBAY = -207.25 plf
DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION:
Uniformly distributed service load, w = wDL + wLL = 63.51 plf
Load component perpendicular to the roof, wy = wcos6 = 63.03 plf
Load component parallel to the roof, wx = wsin6 = 7.76 plf

Mx = 0.125 wyL =
2
3151.5 ft-lb
My = 0.125 wxL =
2
388 ft-lb

Uniformly distributed load, w = wDL + wWL -199.08

Load component perpendicular to the roof, wy = wDLcos6 + wWL = -199.14 plf
 Load component parallel to the roof, wx = wDLsin6 + 0 = 1 plf

Mx = 0.125 wyL =
2
9957 ft-lb
My = 0.125 wxL =
2
50 ft-lb

Section C20020 whose: Sx = 46.65 x103mm3 2.85 in3

whose: Sy = 10.31 x103mm3 0.63 in3
whose: Ix = 4.735 x106mm4 11.38 in4
whose: Iy = 0.538 x106mm4 1.29 in4

Check stress, fb = Mx/Sx+My/Sy =

For wDL + wLL : 20659.95 psi < 42900 psi (Choosen section is OK)
For wDL + wWL : 42876.59 psi < 42900 psi (Choosen section is OK)

Check for deflection:

Maximum allowable total design load deflection, 6x 6y 6total
6allowable = L/120 = 2 in 2.17 0.1 2.17 in
(Deflection exceeds the limit, select a beam having gre
Maximum allowable dead and live load deflection,
6allowable = L/150 = 1.6 in 0.69 0.75 1.02 in
(Section is within deflection limit)
Maximum allowable live load deflection,
6allowable = L/180 = 1.33 in 0.6 0.07 0.6 in
(Section is within deflection limit)
6096 mm
1417 mm

-44.57 psf

0.89 psf
4.033 plf
select a beam having greater I)
Project name: xxx
Client: xxx
Address: xxx
Project locaton: xxx

Yield stress of steel, Fy = 65

Elastic modulus, E = 29000
Bay length I.e. spacing of rafter, LBAY 20
Spacing of girt i.e. panel length, LPANEL 4.5
Design wind pressure on wind ward wall, Pw = 1.76
Live load, LL = 0
Weigth of wall sheeting, WR = 4.703
Purlin mass per unit length, WLMP = C20020 6

SOLUTION
Panel area supported by on girt, APANEL = (LBAY x LPANEL) = 90
LIVE LOAD:
Total live load on each panel, WLL = APANEL x LL = 0
Uniformly distributed live load, wLL = WLL/LBAY = 0
DEAD LOAD:
Wall deck load supported by one girt, WP = APANEL x WR = 86.4
Weight of each girt, PP = (WLMP x LBAY) = 80.66
Total dead load on each panel, WDL = (PP + WP) = 167.06
Uniformly distributed dead load, wDL = WDL/LBAY = 8.35
WIND LOAD:
Total wind load on each panel, WWL = APANEL x Pw = 3308.4
Uniformly distributed wind load, wWL = WWL/LBAY = 165.42
DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION:
Uniformly distributed vertical load, wx = wDL + wLL = 8.35
My = 0.125 wxL =
2
417.5

Uniformly distributed horizontal i.e. wind load, wy = wWL = 165.42

Mx = 0.125 wyL =
2
8271

Section C20020 whose: Sx = 46.65 x103mm3 2.85

whose: Sy = 10.31 x103mm3 0.63
whose: Ix = 4.735 x10 mm
6 4
11.38
whose: Iy = 0.538 x106mm4 1.29

Check stress, fb = Mx/Sx+My/Sy =

42778 psi < 42900 psi (Choosen section is OK)
Check for deflection: 6x 6y 6total
Maximum allowable total design load deflection, 0.8 1.8 1.97
6allowable = L/120 = 2 in (Section is within deflection limit)

Maximum allowable dead and live load deflection, 0.8 0 0.8

6allowable = L/150 = 1.6 in (Section is within deflection limit)
 ksi
ksi
ft 6096 mm
ft 1371 mm
kN/m2 36.76 psf
psf
kg/m2 0.96 psf
kg/m 4.033 plf

sft

lb Y
plf

lb X
lb
lb
plf

lb
plf

plf
ft-lb

plf
ft-lb

in3
in3
in4
in4

section is OK)
 in
flection limit)

in
flection limit)
Project name:
Client:
Address:

Bay length I.e. spacing of rafter, LBAY 20 ft 6096

Spacing of purlin i.e. panel length, LPANEL 4.65 ft 1417

IMPOSED LOAD
Live load, LL = 11.9 psf
Floor finish and plaster load, WFFP = 12.5 psf
Load due to partition wall, WPW = 20 psf
Weigth of roof sheeting, WR = 4.36 kg/m2 0.89
Purlin mass per unit length, WLMP = C20020 6 kg/m 4.033

SOLUTION
Panel area supported by on purlin, APANEL = (LBAY x LPANEL) = 93 sft

LIVE LOAD:
Live load on each panel point, PLLPP = APANEL x LL = 1106.7 lb 1.107
Live load on heel or end panel point, PLLEPP = PLLPP/2 = 553.35 lb 0.553
Uniformly distributed live load, wLL = PLLPP/LPANEL = 238 plf 0.238

DEAD LOAD:
Roof sheeting+floor finish+plaster+partition wall load,
WP = APANEL x (WFFP + WPW +WR) = 3105.27 lb
Weight of each purlin, PP = (WLMP x LBAY) = 80.66 lb
Dead load on each panel point, PDLPP = (PP + WP) = 3185.93 lb 3.186
Dead load on heel or end panel point, PDLEPP = PDLPP/2 = 1592.97 lb 1.593
Uniformly distributed dead load, wDL = PDLPP/LPANEL = 685.15 plf 0.685
mm
mm

psf
plf

kips
kips
klf

kips
kips
klf
 Note:
INPUT DATA 1) Red ink for input data
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 50 ksi 2) Magenta for Analysis da
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi 3) Blue for AISC manual
Length of the beam, L = 20 ft 4) Black is calculated data
Unbraced length, Lb = 4.65 ft
Assumed selfweight of beam, w = 35 plf

Solution:
1) Taking maximum allowable fibre stress for beam,
Fb = 0.6 Fy = 30 ksi

2) Calculation of minimum depth, dmin: h

i) L/24 = 10 in
ii) (Fy/800)xL = 15 in

Hence, taken minimum depth of beam, dmin: = 15 in

381 mm
From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)
i) Maximum shear force, V = 20 kips
ii) Maximum bending moment, M = 328 ft-kips
30
3) Required section modulus, S = M/Fb 131.2 in3

4) Considering minimum depth and section modulus,

bf = 175 mm 6.89 in Must be less than

tf = 10 mm 0.39 in Must be greater than
d= 800 mm 31.5 in Must be less than
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Must be greater than

h = (d-2*tf) = 780 mm 30.71 in

X-area, A = 7400 mm2 11.47 sq.in
Ix = 743846666.7 mm4 1787.1 in4
Iy = 8940416.67 mm4 21.48 in4
rx = Ix/A = 317.05 mm 12.48 in
ry = Iy/A = 34.76 mm 1.37 in
Sx = 1859616.667 mm3 113.48 in3 (Change depth)
Weight = 58.08 kg/m 39.04 plf (Take higher section for analysis)
17.71 kg/ft
5) Check for compactness of the section: (I.e. Local buckling)
Flange width/thickness ration, bf/2tf = 8.83 <
(Flanges are compact OK)
Web depth/thickness ration, d/tw = 157.5 >
(Web is not compact)

6) Check for Lateral torsional buckling of the beam:

Lc = 76bf/ Fy = 74.05 in
and Lc =20000/((d/Af)*Fy)) = 34.12 in

Hence, Governing Lc = 34.12 in

(The beam is laterally unsupported, Check for

If flanges are not compact but Lb 6 Lc,

then Fb = Fy[0.79-0.002(bf/2tf) Fy/kc] = 29.59 psi

Hence, use strength reduction factor, F.S. = 0.59 (In cell E11)

Also if web is not compact but Lb 6 Lc,

Use strength reduction factor, F.S. = 0.6 (In cell E11)

IF BEAM IS COMPACT OR NONCOMPACT BUT Lb > Lc :

Radius of gyration of the compression flange, rT = 1.69 in

The slenderness ratio of the compression flange, Lb/rT = 33.02 in
From bending moment diagram: (Moment at the ends of the each unbraced length)
Smaller values moment, M1 = 1 ft-kips and Larger values moment, M2 =
(Note: In an unbraced beam the value of Cb always equal to 1)
Moment gradient multiplier, Cb = 1.75+1.05(M1/M2)+0.3(M1/M2)2 =

102000Cb/Fy = 45.17

510000Cb/Fy = 101

i) If 102000Cb/Fy < Lb/rT < 510000Cb/Fy

Take, Fb = [2/3 - Fy(Lb/rT)2 / (1530000Cb)] = 31.55 psi

ii) if Lb/rT > 510000Cb/Fy

Take, Fb = 170000Cb/(Lb/rT)2 = 155.92 psi

and for every case, Fb = (12000Cb)/(Lbd/Af) 18.35 psi

Use larger of 31.55 and 18.35 But not more than, 0.6Fy = 30 psi

Hence, use strength reduction factor, F.S. = 0.6 (In cell E11)
7) Check for shear:
For this section, allowable shear stress, Fv = 0.4Fy = 20 ksi

Hence, Developed shear stress, fv = V/dtw = 3.17 ksi <

(Section is OK for shear)
8) Check for deflection:
Maximum allowable live load deflection, 6allowable = L/360 = 0.67 in
Maximum allowable live load deflection, 6allowable = L/240 = 1 in
Maximum allowable live load deflection, 6allowable = L/180 = 1.33 in

From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)

6 = 2 in >
(Deflection exceeds the limit, select a beam having greater I)

(Note: If one of the step of 5) and 6) is fail, adequacy must be check again for bending, shear
and deflection)

Uniformly distributed Live load or Total load, w = 0.8 klf

Deflection for simply supported beam, 6 = 0.06 in <

(Section is within deflection limit)
 1) Red ink for input data
2) Magenta for Analysis data
X1
3) Blue for AISC manual
4) Black is calculated data
Y1
bf/2 X2

tf
h d
tw
X

bf X1 = 400 mm X1 = 400 mm
X2 = 350 mm X= 200 mm
Y1 = 1500 mm Y1 = 1500 mm
20000 lb Y = 6000 mm Y= 6000 mm
3936000 in-lb
X= 200 mm X2 = 350 mm

Maximum Limit
183.85 mm for compactness 266 mm (95/ Fy )
9.52 mm for compactness
452.55 mm for compactness 565 mm (760/ Fy ) + 2tf
8.84 mm for compactness

on for analysis)

65/ Fy = 9.1924
 640/ Fy = 90.51

6.17 ft
2.84 ft

2.84 ft < 4.65 ft ( = Lb)

ally unsupported, Check for Fb)

kc = 0.397

(In cell E11)

(In cell E11)

alues moment, M2 = -1 ft-kips

psi

(In cell E11)

 20 ksi

(For plastered constructiion)

(For unplastered floor constructiion)
(For unplastered roof constructiion)

1 in

0.67 in
INPUT DATA:
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 40 ksi 0.77 < 1 OK O
Axial compressive force, P = 43 kip
Moment at end, M = 84 ft-kip 0.68 < 1 OK O
Length of the column, L = 14 ft 0.75 < 1 OK O
No. of brace point, n = 0
Tension, T= 0 kip
Check for tension= 0 ksi OK

Solution:
Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 0.8

bf = 275 mm 10.83 in h = (d-2*tf) = 301 mm 11.85 in

tf = 12 mm 0.47 in X-area, A = 9008 mm2 13.96 sq.in
d= 325 mm 12.8 in Ix = 179908650.7 mm4 432.23 in4
tw = 8 mm 0.31 in Iy = 41606592.67 mm4 99.96 in4
rx = Ix/A = 141.32 mm 5.56 in X1 =
KLx/rx = 24.17 ry = Iy/A = 67.96 mm 2.68 in X2 =
KLy/ry = 50.15 Control Sx = 1107130 mm3 67.56 in3 Y1 =
Sy = 256040 mm3 15.62 in3 Y=
Cc = 26 E/Fy =
2
119.63 Weight = 70.7 kg/m 47.52 plf
21.55 kg/ft X=

Since value of Cc is > than the maximum slenderness ratio 50.15 Inelastic buckling predominates
Axial stress, fa = P/A = 3.08 ksi
Allowable axial stress, Fa = 20.11 ksi fa / Fa = 0.15 < 0.15

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.60Fy = 24 ksi

Bending stress, fb = M/S = 14.92 ksi
If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation
Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fb = 0.77 < 1 OK
If fa/Fa is more than 0.15, check the following two equations
Euler buckling stress, F'e = 255.62 ksi Cm = 0.85 (For side sway)

Check (1): fa/Fa + (Cmfb)/(1-fa/F'e)Fb = 0.68 < 1 OK

Check (2): fa/0.6Fy + fb/Fb = 0.75 < 1 OK

Check for Axial Tension and Bending

fa/Ft+fbx/Fbx+fby/Fby =

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 11.52 < 15.02 OK (95/ Fy)
Check (2): h/tw = 38.23 < 40 OK (253/ Fy)

SOLUTION FOR STRONG AXIS BENDING:

Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 1

bf = 150 mm 5.91 in h = (d-2*tf) = 380 mm 14.96 in
tf = 10 mm 0.39 in X-area, A = 4900 mm2 7.6 sq.in
d= 400 mm 15.75 in Ix = 136963333.3 mm4 329.06 in4
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Iy = 5628958.33 mm4 13.52 in4
rx = Ix/A = 167.19 mm 6.58 in
KLx/rx = 25.53 ry = Iy/A = 33.89 mm 1.33 in
Sx = 684816 mm3 41.79 in3
Sy = 28144 mm3 1.72 in3
Cc = 262E/Fy = 119.63 Weight = 38.46 kg/m 25.85 plf
11.73 kg/ft

Since value of Cc is > than the maximum slenderness ratio 25.53 Inelastic buckling predominates

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 5.66 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 22.39 ksi fa / Fa = 0.25 > 0.15

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.66Fy = 26.4 ksi
Bending stress, fb = M/Sx = 24.12 ksi

If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation

Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fb = 1.16 > 1 BAD
If fa/Fa is more than 0.15, check the following two equations
Euler buckling stress, F'e = 229.11 ksi Cm = 0.85 (For side sway)

Check (1): fa/Fa + (Cmfb)/(1-fa/F'e)Fb = 1.05 > 1 BAD

Check (2): fa/0.6Fy + fb/Fb = 1.15 > 1 BAD

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 7.58 < 15.02 OK (95/ Fy)
Check (2): h/tw = 74.8 > 40 BAD (253/ Fy)

AXIAL TENSION AND BENDING

INPUT DATA:
Length of the column, L = 16 ft
Axial compressive force, P = 20 kip
Moment at end, M = 55 ft-kip
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
No. of brace point, n = 0

Solution:
Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 1

bf = 150 mm 5.91 in h = (d-2*tf) = 380 mm 14.96 in

tf = 10 mm 0.39 in X-area, A = 4900 mm2 7.6 sq.in
d= 400 mm 15.75 in Ix = 136963333.3 mm4 329.06 in4
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Iy = 5628958.33 mm4 13.52 in4
rx = Ix/A = 167.19 mm 6.58 in X1 =
KLx/rx = 29.18 ry = Iy/A = 33.89 mm 1.33 in X2 =
KLy/ry = 144.36 Control Sx = 684816 mm3 41.79 in3 Y1 =
Sy = 28144 mm3 1.72 in3 Y=
Cc = 262E/Fy = 126.1 Weight = 38.46 kg/m 25.85 plf
11.73 kg/ft X=

Since value of Cc is < than the maximum slenderness ratio 144.36 Elastic buckling controls

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 2.63 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 7.17 ksi fa / Fa = 0.37 > 0.15

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.60Fy = 21.6 ksi
Bending stress, fb = M/S = 15.79 ksi

If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation

Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fb = 1.1 > 1 BAD

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 7.58 < 15.83 OK (95/ Fy)
Check (2): h/tw = 74.8 > 42.17 BAD (253/ Fy)
 X1 bf/2tf = 11.52 < 15.02 OK (95/ Fy)
h/tw = 38.23 < 40 OK (253/ Fy)

Y1 3.08023
X2

400 mm X1 = 400 mm
350 mm X= 200 mm
1500 mm Y1 = 1500 mm
6000 mm Y= 6000 mm

200 mm X2 = 350 mm
 X1

Y1
X2

400 mm X1 = 400 mm
350 mm X= 200 mm
1500 mm Y1 = 1500 mm
6000 mm Y= 6000 mm

200 mm X2 = 350 mm
 INPUT DATA:
Total axial load of column, P = 150 kip
Specified concrete strength, fc' = 3 ksi
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
Width of flange of column, bf = 150 mm 5.91 in
Depth of column, d = 350 mm 13.78 in

Take Width of base plate, Wb = 220 mm 8.66 in

and Length of base plate, Lb= 380 mm 14.96 in

Width of the brick wall, = 250 mm 10 in

SOLUTION:
According to column size:
Required width of the footing, Wf = 300 mm 11.81 in
Required length of the footing, Lf = 460 mm 18.11 in
Area of concrete footing, Af = Wf x Lf = 138000 mm2 213.9 sq. in

Area of chosen base plate, Ab = Wb x Lb = 83600 mm2 129.58 sq. in

Required area of base plate, A1 = (P/0.35fc ) /Af =
' 2
95.41 sq. in
Required area of base plate, A2 = P/0.7fc ='
71.43 sq. in

Required minimum area of base plate, Ar = 95.41 sq. in < 129.58 sq. in

Hence, Designed area of base plate, A = 129.58 sq. in Chosen base plate size OK

Actual bearing stress, fp = P/A = 1.16 ksi

m = (Lb-0.95d)/2 = 0.93 in
n = (Wb-0.8bf)/2 = 1.97 in

Thickness, t1 = 2m fp/Fy = 0.33 in

Thickness, t2 = 2n fp/Fy = 0.71 in

Require thickness of base plate, t = 0.71 in 19 mm

Hence, Designed base plate thickness, tb = 0.87 in 23 mm (4 mm added for weather protection)
 ANCHOR BOLT DESIGN

Axial pullup load, T = 32

Horizontal shear force, V = 14
Yield strength of steel, fy = 36
Tensile strength of steel, Ft = 58
Crushing strength of 28 days concrete, fc' = 3
Factor of safety, FS = 3

Bolt Diameter Threads/in. Length Weight Area Max. Required

Load /Bolt
(mm) (in) (No.) (mm) (Kg) (sq.mm) (kips) Bolts
(No.)
16 0.63 11 400 0.8 149 4.46 8
20 0.79 10 500 1.56 244 7.31 5
25 0.98 8 600 2.73 374 11.21 3
30 1.18 7 900 6.15 549 16.45 2
36 1.42 6 1000 10.04 802 24.03 2

Used no. of Anchor Bolts, N = 4 No.

Bolt diameter, D = 25 mm

Allowable bond stress, U = 189.21 psi (Must be less than or equal to 350 psi)
( U = 3.4 f'c/ D )

Embeded length, Ld = I) 30.17 in ( Ld = Asfs/U o )

ii) 32.23 in ( Ld = 0.04Abfy/ f'c )
iii) 22.83 in ( Ld = 0.0004dbfy )
iv) 12 in (Minimum embeded length)

Provide minimum embeded length, Ld = 32.23 in

819 mm < 900 mm OK

Considering 4 Nos. anchor bolts per column, from the above table 24mm dia anchor bolt is sufficient.
But considering weather protection selected anchor bolts = 30 mm diameter
39.355 Kips
0.583 Kips
36 Ksi
58 Ksi
3 Ksi
INPUT DATA:
Coumn size: Long side, CLS = 18 in 457 mm
Short side, CSS = 18 in 457 mm
Longitudinal column bar number, # = 9 28 mm
Number of column steel rod, n = 8 Nos. 8 Nos.
Unfactored (service) live load, LL = 200 Kips
Unfactored (service) dead load, DL = 245 Kips
Base of footing below final grade, H = 4 ft
Ultimate concrete strength, fc' = 4 Ksi
Yield stress of steel, fy = 60 Ksi
Allowable soil pressure, qa = 5 Ksf
Unit weight fill material i.e. soil, W = 100 Ib/cft

SOLUTION:
Assumed total depth of footing, D = 24 in
Pressure of footing, wf = D*150 = 300 psf
Pressure of soil, ws = W*(H-D) = 200 psf
Hence, Effective soil pressure, qe = qa-wf-ws = 4500 psf

Required area of the footing, A = (DL+LL)/qe = 98.89 ft2

Side of the square footing, L or B = A = 9.94 ft
Hence, Selected side of the footing, L or B = 10 ft

Ultimate or factored load, Pu = 1.4DL+1.7LL = 683 Kips

Net upward pressure, qu = Pu/L2 = 6.83 Ksf

Effective depth, d = D-4.5 = 19.5 in

Perimeter of punching area, bo = 2(CLS+d)+2(CSS+d) = 150 in
Punching shear force, Vu2 = Pu-qu(CLS+d)(CSS+d) = 616.3 Kips

Ratio of long to short side of column, Bc = CLS/CSS = 1

Required depth for punching, d1 = Vu2/(0.85*4 fc' bo) = 19.11 in

6s = 40 6s = 40 for interior columns

d2 = Vu2/(0.85*(2+4/Bc) fc' bo) = 12.74 in 30 for edge columns
d3 = Vu2/(0.85*(6sd/bo+2) fc' bo) = 10.61 in 20 for corner columns

Critical section location for one-way shear action:

From edge of footing, LCS = (L/2-CSS/2-d) = 31.5 in
One-way shear force, Vu1 = quLLCS = 179.29 Kips

Required depth for oneway shear, d1 = Vu1/(0.85*2 fc' L) = 13.9 in

Bending moment at column edge, Mu =1/2qu(L/2-CSS/2)2L = 616.83 Kip-ft

Ru = Mu/bd2 = 162.22 psi
Steel ratio, 6 = 0.85f'c/fy[1- 1-2Ru/(0.85*0.85f'c)] = 0.00328
Taken, equivalent constant stress block depth, a = 1.06 in (Trial value of a = d/20)
 Required steel area, As = Mu/(0.9fy(d-a/2)) = 7.23 in2 and a = Asfy/0.85fc'b = 1.06
Maximum steel area for balanced steel ratio, As = 6bd= 7.68 in 2

Minimum steel area for shrinkage, As = 0.002bD = 5.76 in2

Minimum steel area for flexure, As = (200/fy)*bd = 7.8 in2
Therefore, adopted steel area, As = 7.8 in2
Choosen bar number, # = 3 10 mm

Number of bar, n = 71 Nos.

Spacing, S = 1.63 in c/c. in both directions

Check of bearing stress:

Cross-sectional area of column, A1 = CSS*CLS = 2.25 ft2
Area of footing, A2 = L*B = 100 ft2
Bearing strenght at base of column, N1=0.7*0.85fc'A1= 771.12 Kips
Bearing strength at top of footing, N2 = N1 A2/A1 = 5140.8 Kips Greater than 2N1
Hence, maximum adopted value of N2 = 2N1 = 1542.24 Kips
Since Pu is less than N1 and N2, bearing stress is adequate
Required minimum dowel area, Asd = 0.005A1 = 1.62 in2
Collecte Data: Value: Unit: Mix the concrete in the field by weight
Sp. Gravity of coarse aggregate (C.A.) = 1.85
Sp. Gravity of fine aggregate (F.A.)= 2.65 Cement =
Sp. Gravity of Cement = 3.15 F.A. =
Fineness modulus (FM) of selected F.A. = 2.4 C.A. =
Unit weignt of dry rodded C.A.= 69 lb/ft3 Water =
Surface moisture contains by F.A. = 3 % Mix the concrete in the field by proportion
Surface moisture from F.A. absorbed by C.A. = 0.1 %
Cement =
Specified minimum strength by Structural Engr. = 2500 psi F.A. =
Standard deviation (from Table 11.2, Page- 437), 6 = 70 kg/cm2 C.A. =
Water =

Data from Given table & graphs: So, the Density/unit wt. of the concrete =
Hence Average design strength = 4819 psi 338.58 kg/cm2
Water/Cement ratio from the Fig: 11.3, for value H16 = 0.57 (According to value of F16 and 28 days curve)
Water/Cement ratio from the Table: 11.5 = -
Maximum size of C.A to be used from Table: 11.6 = 0.75 in (According the minimum dimension & type of Construction
Workability in terms of slump From Table: 11.7 = 3 in (According to the type of Construction)
Water in lb/ft3 of concrete (From Table: 11.8) = 12.7 lb/ft3 (According to slump and maximum size of C.A.)
Approximate entrapped air content (Table: 11.8) = 2 %
Bulk volume of C.A. per unit volume of concrete = 0.65 (According to maximum size of C.A. & F.M. of F.A.)
(From Table: 11.4)

Hence, Cement content = 22.28 lb

Weight of C.A. required = 44.85 lb

Cement = 7.07 ft3 Water = 12.7 C.A. = 24.24 ft3 Air (%) =

Solid volume of F.A. required = 17.17 ft3 Weight of F.A. =

Actual quantity of water to be added = 11.38 lb

Note: 1) Unit weight of Brick ballast = 69 lb/ft3

2) Specific gravity of Brick ballast = 1.8~2.0
3) Unit weight of Stone ballast = 100 lb/ft3
4) Specific gravity of Stone ballast = 2.6~2.8
5) Unit weight of Sand (Dry to wet) = 100~120 lb/ft3
6) Specific gravity of Sand = 2.65
7) Unit weight of Cement = 90 lb/ft3
8) Specific gravity of Cement = 3.15
the field by weight of the materials:

22.28 lb 0.248 ft3

46.87 lb 0.469 ft3
44.89 lb 0.651 ft3
11.38 lb 0.182 ft3
the field by proportion:
(By weight) (By volume)
1 1
2.1 1.89
2.01 2.63
0.51 0.73

wt. of the concrete = 125.4 lb/ft3

of F16 and 28 days curve)

mum dimension & type of Construction)

e of Construction)
and maximum size of C.A.)

um size of C.A. & F.M. of F.A.)

1.25 ft3

45.5 lb
INPUT DATA:
Bending moment, M = 120 kip-ft
Shear force/End reaction, R = 30 kips
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
Depth of girder/beam, d = 406.654 mm
Thickness of the web, tw = 7.747 mm
Flange width of the girder/beam, bf = 177.673 mm
Flange thickness of the beam, tf = 12.827 mm
Allowable shear stress for A325 (bearing type), Fv = 21 ksi
Allowable tensile stress of one bolt, Ft = 44 ksi
Tensile strength of electrode material (E70 electrodes), Fu = 70 ksi

Shank diameter of bolts, db = A325 0.875 in

SOLUTION:
Number of bolts above and below the tension flange:

Tensile force developed in the tension flange, Ff = M/(d - tf) = 92.87 kips
Shank area of the bolt (one), Av = 3.141 x db2/4 = 0.6013 in2
Tensile force capacity per bolt, Rt = Av x Ft = 26.46 kips
Hence, Required number of bolts in tensile force zone, Nb = T / Rt = 3.51
(Symmetrical placement above and below the tension flange should be done)

Try 0.875 in diameter bolt = 4 nos.

Welding Size:
Shear force in fillet welds, Rw = T / Lw = T / (2bf - tw) = 6.79 kips/in
Required weld size, a = Rw /(0.3Fu x 0.707) = 0.46 in

Width of the Joint Plate:

Width of the joint plate, W = bf + 1 = 7.995 in

Lenght of the Joint Plate:

Minimum erection clearance for bolts, E = 1.3125 in
Minimum edge distance (Center of hole to edge of joint plate), Le = 1.75 in

Positions of bolts above tension flange, Pf = a + E = 1.77 in

Length of the joint plate, L = d + 2(s + Le) = 23.05 in

Thickness of the Joint Plate:

Moment arm for bending moment of joint plate, Pe = Pf - a - (db/4) = 1.09 in
Ca = 1.13
Cb = bf / W = 0.935
Area of the tension flange, Af = bf x tf = 3.532 in2
Area of web (clear of flanges), Aw = (d - 2tf) x tw = 4.575 in2
6 m = CaCb(Af / Aw)1/3(Pe / db)1/4 = 1.02

Bending moment acting on the joint plate, M = 6mFfPe/4 = 25.81 kips-in

Required joint plate thickness, tp = 6M / (0.75Fy x W) = 0.85 in

 16.01 in
0.305 in
6.995 in
0.505 in
(From table 7.1, pp~185)

22.23 mm

12 mm

204 mm

586 mm
22 mm
 INPUT DATA:
Reaction force, R = 10 kips
Allowable unit bearing pressure on wall, Fp = 1225 psi
Width of the bearing plate (parallel to beam), C (N) = 8 in (Generally 8 in, for 10 i
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
Flange width of the beam, bf = 180 mm 7.09

SOLUTION:
Required plate area, A = R/Fp = 8.16 in2
Length of bearing plate parallel to wall, B = A/C 2 in (It is less than Flange wi
Provide minimum Length of bearing plate, B = 11.09 in 282
Actual bearing pressure on plate, fp = R/(B*C) 112.71 psi
Cantilever projection, n = B/2-k = 4.55 in Say, k =
Allowable bearing stress on plate, Fb = 0.75Fy = 27 ksi
Hence thickness of bearing plate, t = 3fpn2/Fb 0.51 in

Safe Bearing Pressure on Masonry and Concrete Wall:

Type of Wall Pressure (psi)

Brick i) soft 150
ii) medium 200
iii) hard 300
Concrete i) hollow units 150
ii) solid units 260

Poured concrete walls i) 3000 psi concrete 650

ii) 4000 psi concrete 850
(Generally 8 in, for 10 in wall)

in

(It is less than Flange width)

mm

1 (Generally 1 in)
-
INPUT DATA:
End reaction, R = 20 kips
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
Depth of Girder/Column on which beams to be connects, d1 = 300 mm
Thickness of Girder/Column on which beams to be connects, t1 = 6 mm
Depth of connecting beam, d2 = 250 mm
Thickness of connecting beam, t2 = 5 mm
Shank diameter of bolts, db = A325 0.75 in
Allowable shear stress for A325 (bearing type), Fv = 21 ksi
Specified minimum tensile strength, Fu = 58 ksi

SOLUTION:
1) Determination of limiting bolt value for the connecting leg:
Shear type of bolt, (Use 1 for single and 2 for double shear) 2 (Double shear)
i) Area of one bolt, Av = 6db2/4 = 0.442 in2
ii) Bearing area, Ab = dbt2 = 0.148 in2
iii) Bolt value in shear for connected leg, BVs = FvAv = 18.56 kips
iv) Bolt value in bearing, BVb = FpAb = 1.5FuAb = 12.88 ksi
Hence governing bolt value per bolt, BVc = 12.88 ksi
2) Number of bolts required for connecting leg, n = R/BVc = 2 Nos

3) Determination of limiting bolt value for the outstanding leg:

Shear type of bolt, (Use 1 for single and 2 for double shear) 1 (Single shear)
i) Area of one bolt, Av = 6db2/4 = 0.442 in2
ii) Bearing area, Ab = dbt1 = 0.18 in2
iii) Bolt value in shear for outstanding leg, BVs = FvAv = 9.28 kips
iv) Bolt value in bearing, BVb = FpAb = 1.5FuAb = 15.66 ksi
Hence governing bolt value per bolt, BVo = 9.28 ksi
4) Number of bolts required for outstanding leg, n = R/BVo = 3 Nos

5) Required thickness of the connecting angle, t ] 2(R/n)/(FuLe) = 0.28 in

8 mm

6) Check for tear failure:

 11.81 in
0.24 in
9.84 in
0.197 in
19.05 mm
(From table 7.1, pp~185)
(From Table 2, App. A, AISC)

(Double shear)

(For Double shear of bolt)

(Single shear)

(For Single shear of bolt)

(End distance, Le = 1.25 in)

I-BEAM (Tapered Section)
1st End 2st End
bf = 150 mm 5.91 in bf = 150 mm 5.91 in
d= 400 mm 15.75 in d= 300 mm 11.81 in
tf = 8 mm 0.31 in tf = 8 mm 0.31 in
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in tw = 5 mm 0.2 in

Length segment, Ls = 5000 mm

Number of member, n = 1 Nos

Total
Weight per meter length = 31.95 kg/m (Actual) 9.74 kg/ft 21.47 plf
32.57 kg/m (Purchace) 9.93 kg/ft 21.89 plf

Total weigth, Wt = 159.75 kg (Actual)

Total weigth, Wt = 162.85 kg (Purchace)

I-BEAM
PARAMETER,S INPUT VALUE INCH
Flange width, df = 150 mm 5.91
Total depth, h = 500 mm 19.69
Flange Thickness, tf = 10 mm
Web thickness, tw = 6 mm
Total length of the member, L = 16145 mm 16.145 meter
Number of member, n = 1 Nos

RESULTS
Hence Depth of web, dw = 480 mm
And Cross section area, A = 5880 sq. mm

Hence, Weight of the member, W = 745.14 kg (Actual)

760.35 kg (Purchace)

Total weigth, Wt = 745.14 kg (Actual)

Total weigth, Wt = 760.35 kg (Purchace)

ANGLE
PARAMETER,S INPUT VALUE
Long Leg, L1 = 195 mm
Short Leg, L2 = 100 mm
Flange Thickness of Long Leg, t1 = 6 mm
Flange thickness of Short Leg, t2 = 6 mm
Total length of the member, L = 140 mm 0.14 meter

Number of member, n = 1 Nos

RESULTS
And Cross section area, A = 1734 sq. mm
Hence, Weight of the member, W = 1.91 kg

Total weight, Wt = 1.91 kg

PLATE
PARAMETER,S INPUT VALUE
Plate width, B = 250 mm
Thickness, t = 20 mm
Total length of the member, L = 250 mm 0.25 meter

Number of member, n = 84 Nos

RESULTS
And Cross section area, A = 5000 sq. mm
Hence, Weight of the member, W = 9.81 kg

Total weight, Wt = 824.04 kg

1. Total length of the building, L = 30 Meter
2. Slope length i.e. length from ridge to eave (in meter), W = 18.3 Meter

Code of Gutter: SFA-07A580

3. Width of gutter (in m), B = 250 mm 0.25 Meter
4. Depth of gutter = 150 mm 0.15 Meter

Code of Down Pipe: SFA-09A380

5. Long side of Downspout (Downpipe) = 130 mm 13 cm
6. Width of Downspout (Downpipe) = 90 mm 9 cm

7. Maximum rainfall, I = 125 mm/hr

8. Roof slope constant, C = 1 (1 for roof slope from 0.0/10 to 2.0/10)
(1.1 for roof slope from 2.1/10 to 5.4/10)
(1.2 for roof slope from 5.5/10 to 8.2/10)
(1.3 for roof slope from 8.3/10 and higher)

Area of downspout i.e. downpine (in cm2), A = 117 Sq.cm

Depth / width ratio of gutter, M = 0.6

Downpipe spacing based on gutter size, Ds = 23.68 Meter

Downpipe spacing based on downpipe size, Ds = 22.5 Meter

Hence, Downpipe spacing, Ds = 22.5 Meter 73.8 feet centre to centre

No. of Down pipe along the length of building, n = 3 Nos. per side
m 0.0/10 to 2.0/10)
om 2.1/10 to 5.4/10)
om 5.5/10 to 8.2/10)
om 8.3/10 and higher)

feet centre to centre

The complete design of beams requires consideration of
1) Bending and shear resistance
2) Deflection limitation
3) Lateral buckling, and
4) Local buckling

Note: The flexural rigidity (EI) is that property of a beam that controls deflection. I.e. the larger the va

Compact section: A beam that has stability while all fibers reach yield stress is referred to as being compact.
The moment capacity attainable at this state of full yield is refferred to as the plastic moment.
Through research, it is known that rolled-beams have a plastic moment capacity of at least 10% - 12%
greater than the moment at first yield.
 eflection. I.e. the larger the value of E and I, smalleer will be def

s referred to as being compact.

plastic moment.
ity of at least 10% - 12%
 Note:
INPUT DATA 1) Red ink for input data
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 50 ksi 2) Magenta for Analysis d
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi 3) Blue for AISC manual
Length of the beam, L = 51.5 ft 4) Black is calculated data
Unbraced length, Lb = 4.5 ft
Assuming beam weight = 30 plf

Solution:
1) Taking maximum allowable fibre stress for beam,
Fb = 0.66 Fy = 33 ksi

2) Calculation of minimum depth, dmin: h

i) L/24 = 25.75 in
ii) (Fy/800)xL = 39 in

Hence, taken minimum depth of beam, dmin: = 39 in

990 mm
From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)
i) Maximum shear force, V = 15 kips
ii) Maximum bending moment, M = 150 ft-kips

3) Required section modulus, S = M/Fb 54.55 in3

4) Considering minimum depth and section modulus,

bf = 250 mm 9.84 in 147.08 (Flange width must be less than this

tf = 8 mm 0.31 in 13.6 (Flange depth must be greater than t
d= 475 mm 18.7 in 452.55 (Depth must be less that this value)
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in 5.25 (Web thickness must be greater that

h = (d-2*tf) = 459 mm 18.07 in

X-area, A = 6295 mm2 9.76 sq.in
Ix = 258403074.6 mm4 620.82 in4
Iy = 20838114.58 mm4 50.06 in4
rx = Ix/A = 202.61 mm 7.98 in
ry = Iy/A = 57.53 mm 2.26 in
Sx = 1088012.946 mm3 66.39 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Weight = 49.41 kg/m 33.21 plf (But analysis again by this weight)
15.06 kg/ft
5) Check for compactness of the section: (I.e. Local buckling)
Flange width/thickness ration, bf/2tf = 15.87 >
(Flanges are not compact)
Web depth/thickness ration, d/tw = 93.5 >
(Web is not compact)

Lc = 76bf/ Fy = 105.76 in
and Lc =20000/((d/Af)*Fy)) = 65.25 in

Hence, Governing Lc = 65.25 in

(OK of torsional buckling)

Radius of gyration of the compression flange, rT = 2.26 in

The slenderness ratio of the compression flange, Lb/rT = 23.89 in
From bending moment diagram: (Moment at the ends of the each unbraced length)
Smaller values moment, M1 = 1 ft-kips and Larger values moment, M2 =
(Note: In an unbraced beam the value of Cb always equal to 1)
Moment gradient multiplier, Cb = 1.75+1.05(M1/M2)+0.3(M1/M2)2 =

102000Cb/Fy = 45.17

510000Cb/Fy = 101

i) If 102000Cb/Fy < Lb/rT < 510000Cb/Fy

Take, Fb = [2/3 - Fy(Lb/rT)2 / (1530000Cb)] = 32.4 psi

ii) if Lb/rT > 510000Cb/Fy

Take, Fb = 170000Cb/(Lb/rT)2 = 297.86 psi

and for every case, Fb = (12000Cb)/(Lbd/Af) 36.25 psi

Use larger of 32.4 and 36.25 But not more than, 0.6Fy = 30 psi

Hence, use strength reduction factor, F.S. = 0.73 (In cell E11)

5) Check for shear:

For this section, allowable shear stress, Fv = 0.4Fy = 20 ksi

Hence, Developed shear stress, fv = V/dtw = 4.01 ksi <

(Section is OK for shear)
6) Check for deflection:
Maximum allowable deflection, 6allowable = L/360 = 1.72 in

From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)

6 = 6.1 in >
(Deflection exceeds the limit, select a beam having greater I)

(Note: If one of the step of 5) and 6) is fail, adequacy must be check again for bending, shear and
deflection)

T - section:
From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)
i) Maximum shear force, V = 15 kips
ii) Maximum bending moment, M = 2 ft-kips

3) Required section modulus, S = M/Fb 0.73 in3

4) Considering minimum depth and section modulus,

bf = 250 mm 9.84 in 0 (Flange width must be less than this

tf = 6 mm 0.24 in ### (Flange depth must be greater than t
d= 50 mm 1.97 in 0 (Depth must be less that this value)
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in ### (Web thickness must be greater that

h = (d-tf) = 44 mm 1.73 in
X-area, A = 1720 mm2 2.67 sq.in
y= 6.2 mm 0.24 in (Centroid from top of the flange)
Ix = 110274.13 mm4 0.26 in4
Iy = 7812958.33 mm4 18.77 in4
rx = Ix/A = 8.01 mm 0.32 in
ry = Iy/A = 67.4 mm 2.65 in
Sx (top) = 17786.15 mm3 1.09 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Sx (bottom) = 178378.0441 mm3 10.89 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Weight = 13.5 kg/m 9.07 plf (But analysis again by this weight)
4.12 kg/ft

Sy 62503.66664 3.81420776
Z - section:
From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)
i) Maximum shear force, V = 15 kips
ii) Maximum bending moment, M = 2 ft-kips

3) Required section modulus, S = M/Fb 0.26 in3

4) Considering minimum depth and section modulus,

bf = 250 mm 9.84 in
tf = 6 mm 0.24 in
d1 = 62 mm 2.44 in
d2 = 62 mm 2.44 in
tw1 = 6 mm 0.24 in
tw2 = 6 mm 0.24 in

h = (d-tf) = 56 mm 2.2 in
X-area, A = 1836 mm2 2.85 sq.in
y= 8.67 mm 0.34 in (Centroid from top of the flange)
Ix = 266077.38 mm4 0.64 in4
Iy = 7813508 mm4 18.77 in4
rx = Ix/A = 12.04 mm 0.47 in
ry = Iy/A = 65.24 mm 2.57 in
Sx (top) = 30689.43253 mm3 1.87 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Sx (bottom) = 146512.432 mm3 8.94 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Weight = 14.41 kg/m 9.69 plf (Weight is in considering limit OK)
4.39 kg/ft

Sy 62508.064 3.8144761

Angle - section:
From analysis, (By STAADPro or other softwares)
i) Maximum shear force, V = 15 kips
ii) Maximum bending moment, M = 0.392 ft-kips

3) Required section modulus, S = M/Fb 0.14 in3

4) Considering minimum depth and section modulus,

L1 = 76.2 mm 3 in
t1 = 2 mm 0.08 in
L2 = 76.2 mm 3 in
t2 = 2 mm 0.08 in

X-area, A = 300.8 mm2 0.466 sq.in

y= 19.8 mm 0.78 in
x= 19.8 mm 0.78 in
Ixx= 177278.99 mm4 0.43 in4
Iyy = 177278.99 mm4 0.43 in4
rx = Ix/A = 24.28 mm 0.96 in
ry = Iy/A = 24.28 mm 0.96 in
Sx (top) = 8953.484343 mm3 0.55 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Sx (bottom) = 3143.244504 mm3 0.19 in3 (Section is OK for flexure)
Weight = 2.36 kg/m 1.59 plf (Weight is in considering limit OK)
0.72 kg/ft

Sy 4652.991864 0.28394298
 1) Red ink for input data
2) Magenta for Analysis data
3) Blue for AISC manual
4) Black is calculated data

bf/2

tf
h d
tw

bf

15000 lb
1800000 in-lb

width must be less than this value)

epth must be greater than this value)
ust be less that this value)
ckness must be greater that this value)

n by this weight)
 65/ Fy = 9.1924

640/ Fy = 90.51

8.81 ft
5.44 ft

5.44 ft > 4.5 ft ( = Lb)

alues moment, M2 = -1 ft-kips

psi

(In cell E11)

20 ksi
 1.72 in

15000 lb
24000 in-lb

width must be less than this value)

epth must be greater than this value)
ust be less that this value)
ckness must be greater that this value)

p of the flange)

n by this weight)
 15000 lb
24000 in-lb

p of the flange)

idering limit OK)

 15000 lb
4704 in-lb

L1
x
t1
y

Ixx

L2

Iyy
t2

idering limit OK)

INPUT DATA:
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 50 ksi
Axial compressive force, P = 96 kip
Moment at end, Mx = 138 ft-kip
Moment at end, My = 45 ft-kip
Length of the column, L = 15 ft
No. of brace point, n = 0
Solution:
Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 1

bf = 350 mm 13.78 in h = (d-2*tf) = 338

tf = 6 mm 0.24 in X-area, A = 5890
d= 350 mm 13.78 in Ix = 140354763.3
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Iy = 42878520.83
rx = Ix/A = 154.37
KLx/rx = 29.61 ry = Iy/A = 85.32
KLy/ry = 53.57 Control Sx = 802027
Sy = 245020
Cc = 26 E/Fy =
2
107 Weight = 46.23
14.09

Since value of Cc is > than the maximum slenderness ratio 53.57

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 10.51 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 23.78 ksi fa / Fa = 0.44

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.60Fy = 30

Bending stress, fbx = M/S = 33.84 ksi fby= 36.12 ksi
Check for Axial Tension and Bending

fa/Ft+fbx/Fbx+fby/Fby =

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 28.71
Check (2): h/tw = 66.55

SOLUTION FOR STRONG AXIS BENDING:

Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 1

bf = 150 mm 5.91 in h = (d-2*tf) = 380

tf = 10 mm 0.39 in X-area, A = 4900
d= 400 mm 15.75 in Ix = 136963333.3
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Iy = 5628958.33
rx = Ix/A = 167.19
KLx/rx = 27.36 ry = Iy/A = 33.89
Sx = 684816
Sy = 28144
Cc = 26 E/Fy =
2
107 Weight = 38.46
11.73

Since value of Cc is > than the maximum slenderness ratio 27.36

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 12.63 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 27.47 ksi fa / Fa = 0.46

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.66Fy = 33

Bending stress, fb = M/Sx = 39.63 ksi

If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation

Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fb = 1.66
If fa/Fa is more than 0.15, check the following two equations
Euler buckling stress, F'e = 199.49 ksi Cm = 0.85

Check (1): fa/Fa + (Cmfb)/(1-fa/F'e)Fb = 1.55

Check (2): fa/0.6Fy + fb/Fb = 1.62

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 7.58
Check (2): h/tw = 74.8

AXIAL TENSION AND BENDING

INPUT DATA:
Length of the column, L = 16 ft
Axial compressive force, P = 20 kip
Moment at end, M = 55 ft-kip
Elastic modulus, E = 29000 ksi
Yield stress of steel, Fy = 36 ksi
No. of brace point, n = 0

Solution:
Take effective length factor (according to support condition), K = 1

bf = 150 mm 5.91 in h = (d-2*tf) = 380

tf = 10 mm 0.39 in X-area, A = 4900
d= 400 mm 15.75 in Ix = 136963333.3
tw = 5 mm 0.2 in Iy = 5628958.33
rx = Ix/A = 167.19
KLx/rx = 29.18 ry = Iy/A = 33.89
KLy/ry = 144.36 Control Sx = 684816
Sy = 28144
Cc = 262E/Fy = 126.1 Weight = 38.46
11.73

Since value of Cc is < than the maximum slenderness ratio 144.36

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 2.63 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 7.17 ksi fa / Fa = 0.37

Allowable bending stress for maximum section modulus, Fb = 0.60Fy = 21.6

Bending stress, fb = M/S = 15.79 ksi

If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation

Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fb = 1.1

Check of Local Stability:

Check (1): bf/2tf = 7.58
Check (2): h/tw = 74.8
 x
y

mm 13.31 in h/t 67.6

mm2 9.13 sq.in If h/t<70
mm4 337.2 in4 Kc= 1
mm4 103.02 in4 bf/2tf = 28.71 > 13.4350288 < 27.577
mm 6.08 in
mm 3.36 in Qs 0.665698
mm3 48.94 in3 Qs taken 0.6357
mm3 14.95 in3 If h/t>70
kg/m 31.07 plf Kc= 0.583015
kg/ft bf/2tf = 28.71 > 10.2583704 < 21.057

Inelastic buckling predominat Qs 0.471445

Qs taken 0.3706
PUT BELLOW THE VALUES OF Qa AND Qs
> 0.15 LET Qa= 0.8513 Qs= 0.66
Q= 0.561858
ksi Cc = 26 E/(Q*Fy ) =
2
142.8
Since value of Cc is > than the maximum slenderness ratio
Inelastic buckling predominates

Axial stress, fa = P/A = 10.51 ksi

Allowable axial stress, Fa = 14.5 ksi

h/t 67.6

he/t 55.00676 he 11 < 13.31

 Ae 2.20027
Qa 0.826548
fa / F a = 0.724828 < 0.15
If fa/Fa is less than 0.15, check the following equation
Check: fa/Fa + fb/Fbx+fb/Fby = 3.06 >
If fa/Fa is more than 0.15, check the following two equations
Euler buckling stress, F'ex = 170.32 ksi F'ey= 52.04 ksi Cm =

Check (1): fa/Fa + (Cmxfbx)/(1-fa/F'ex)Fbx+(Cmyfby)/(1-fa/F'ey)Fby = 3.03 >

Check (2): fa/0.6Fy + fbx/Fbx+ fby/Fby = 2.68 >

> 13.44 BAD (95/ Fy)

> 35.78 BAD (253/ Fy)

mm 14.96 in
mm2 7.6 sq.in
mm4 329.06 in4
mm4 13.52 in4
mm 6.58 in
mm 1.33 in
mm3 41.79 in3
mm3 1.72 in3
kg/m 25.85 plf
kg/ft

Inelastic buckling predominates

> 0.15

ksi
 > 1 BAD

(For side sway)

> 1 BAD
> 1 BAD

< 13.44 OK (95/ Fy)

> 35.78 BAD (253/ Fy)

X1

Y1
X2

mm 14.96 in
mm2 7.6 sq.in
mm4 329.06 in4 X

mm4 13.52 in4

mm 6.58 in X1 = 400 mm X1 = 400 mm
mm 1.33 in X2 = 350 mm X= 200 mm
mm3 41.79 in3 Y1 = 1500 mm Y1 = 1500 mm
mm3 1.72 in3 Y= 6000 mm Y= 6000 mm
kg/m 25.85 plf
kg/ft X= 200 mm X2 = 350 mm

Elastic buckling controls

> 0.15

ksi

> 1 BAD

< 15.83 OK (95/ Fy)

> 42.17 BAD (253/ Fy)
 bf/2tf> 27.57716

Qs 0.635719

bf/2tf> 21.05665

Qs 0.370633

nderness ratio 53.57

 1 BAD

0.85 (For side sway)

1 BAD
1 BAD
Design pressure, p = qzGhCp (plus minus) GCpiqh
Note: z is define for different height, h is define for top height I.e. total height

General Data:
Total length of the building, L = 112 ft
Total width of the building or span of gable, B = 64 ft
Bayspacing or spacing of rafter = 28 ft
Eave height of the building, HE = 20 ft
Ridge height of the building, HR = 32 ft
Solution:
1) Basic wind speed from BNBC = 153 kmph 95
2) Importance coefficient, I = 1.05
3) Velocity pressure exposure coefficient, Kz, for exposure C
For height in feet 0-15 K15 = 0.8 qz = 20.38
20 K20 = 0.87 qz = 22.16
25 K25 = 0.94 qz = 23.94
30 K30 = 0 qz = 0
35 K35 = 0 qz = 0
40 K40 = 0 qz = 0

4) Average height of the building, h = 26 ft

Gust response factor, Gh = 1.27

5) Internal pressure coefficient for all height, GCpi = 6 0.25

At eave height of the gable frame, qe = 22.16 psf
For total height or average of gable frame, qh = 23.94 psf
Hence internal suction or internal pressure = GCpiqh = 6 5.99 psf

6) External wall pressure coefficient

a) For transverse wind:
B/L = 0.57
Windward wall, Cp = 0.8
Leeward wall, Cp = -0.5
Side or End walls, Cp = -0.7
h/B = 0.41 and 6
Windward roof, Cp = -0.32 Normal to ridge
Leeward roof, Cp = -0.7

7) Design pressure for external forces plus internal suction, p = qzGhCp+GCpiqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 26.7 psf 747
15~20 ft p= 28.5 psf 798
20~25 ft p= 30.31 psf 848
 25~30 ft p= 5.99 psf 167
30~35 ft p= 5.99 psf 167
35~40 ft p= 5.99 psf 167

Windward roof: p= -3.74 psf -105

Leeward roof: p= -15.29 psf -429
Leeward wall: p= -8.08 psf -227
Side or End walls: p= -15.29 psf -429

8) Design pressure for external forces plus internal pressure, p = qzGhCp-GCpiqh

Windward wall: 0-15 ft p= 14.72 psf 412
15~20 ft p= 16.52 psf 462
20~25 ft p= 18.33 psf 513
25~30 ft p= -5.99 psf -168
30~35 ft p= -5.99 psf -168
35~40 ft p= -5.99 psf -168

Windward roof: p= -15.72 psf -441

Leeward roof: p= -27.27 psf -764
Leeward wall: p= -20.06 psf -562
Side or End walls: p= -27.27 psf -764

Note: Minus sign means the direction of the pressure is away from the surface.
Plus sign means pressure is toward the surface.
 mph
(From table 8.2, page-258)
(See page-261)
psf (From table 8.3, page-262)
psf
psf
psf
psf
psf

(From table 8.4, page-263)

(From figure 8.16, page-265)

20 degree
mal to ridge

plf
plf
plf
plf
plf
plf

plf
plf
plf
plf

plf
plf
plf
plf
plf
plf

plf
plf
plf
plf
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