WEEK 6 Tutorial (LP & IP)

1. Diet Planning
Maggie Stewart loves deserts, but due to weight and cholesterol concerns, she has
decided that she must plan her deserts carefully. There are two possible desserts she is
considering: snack bars and ice cream. After reading the nutrition labels on the snack bar
and ice cream packages, she learns that each “serving” of snack bar weights 37 grams
and contains 120 calories and 5 grams of fat. Each serving of ice cream weights 65 grams
and contains 160 calories and 10 grams of fat. Maggie will allow herself no more than
450 calories and 25 grams of fat in her daily deserts, but because she loves deserts so
much, she requires at least 120 grams of desert per day. Also she assigns a “taste index”
to each gram of each desert, where 0 is the lowest and 100 is the highest. She assigns a
taste index of 95 to ice cream and 85 to snack bars (since she prefers ice cream to snack
bars). What should her daily desert plan to stay within constraints and maximize the total
taste index of her desert? This is an example for using 해찾기(Solver).

(a) Let X1 =number of servings of ice cream, X2=number of servings of snack bars.
Formulate this problem in a mathematical model. What are the objective function(목적함
수) and constraints set(제약조건)?

(b) Draw the model in a graph and find the optimum solution in the graph.

(c) Use Excel Solver to solve this optimization problem.

(d) If the numbers you have assigned in this problem changes, what will happen to the
optimal solution? For this sensitivity analysis, how can we use the Excel. Explain what are
the reduced cost(한계비용) and shadow price(그림자가격).

(e) If she orders this desert in a restaurant, she must order X1 and X2 as integer numbers.
How can you modify your Excel program for this problem?
2. Blending / Mixing
Chandler Oil has 5000 barrels of crude oil 1 and 10,000 barrels of crude oil 2 available.
Chandler sells gasoline and heating oil. These products are produced by blending
together the two crude oils. Each barrel of crude oil 1 has a “quality level” of 10 and each
barrel of crude oil 2 has a quality level of 5. Gasoline must have an average quality level
of at least 8, whereas heating oil must have an average quality level of at least 6. Gasoline
sells for $25 per barrel and heating oil sells for $20 per barrel. The advertising cost to sell
one barrel of gasoline is $0.20 and the advertising cost to sell one barrel of heating oil is
$0.10. We assume that demand for heating oil and gasoline is unlimited, so that all of
Chandler’s production can be sold. Chandler wants to maximize its profit.
(a) Write the mathematical model for this problem. Include the objective function and all
constraints set.
Variable definition
Xij 에서 i 는 type of crude oil, j 는 type of product를 표시한다.
X11 = Crude oil 1 used for gasoline
X12 = Crude oil 1 used for Heating oil
X21 = Crude oil 2 used for Gasoline
X22 = Crude oil 2 used for heating oil
Y1 = Gasoline = X11 + X21
Y2 = Heating oil = X12 + X22

Crude Oil availability

X11 + X12 <= 5000 ---- Crude oil 1
X21 + X22 <= 10000 --- Crude oil 2

Minimum Quality Level

(10X11+5X21)/(X11+X21)>=8  2X11 - 3X21 >= 0
(10X12+5X22)/(X12+X22)>=6  4X12 - 1X22 >= 0

Objective function
Maximize (25Y1+20Y2) – (0.2Y1+0.1Y2)
 Maximize 24.8(X11+X21) + 19.9(X12+X22)

(b) Draw the constraints set on the XY graph and find the optimum point on the graph.
(c) Use the following format. Use SOLVER to find the optimum solution.
(d) Interpret the sensitivity analysis report.
3. Manpower Planning

A post office requires different numbers of full-time employees on different days of the
week. The number of full-time employees required each day is given in Table. Union rules
state that each full-time employee must work 5 consecutive days and then receive 2 days
off. For example, an employee who works Monday to Friday must be off on Saturday and
Sunday. The post office wants to meet its daily requirements using only full-time
employees. Its objective is to minimize the number of full-time employees that must be
hired.

Table 1. Employee Requirements for Post Office

Days of week Minimum number of employees required

Monday 17
Tuesday 13
Wednesday 15
Thursday 19
Friday 14
Saturday 18
Sunday 11