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A signal is a physical quantity that can carry information. Physical and biological
signals may be classified as deterministic or stochastic. The stochastic signal contrary
to the deterministic one cannot be described by a mathematical function. An
example of a deterministic signal may be the time course of a discharging capacity
or the position of a pendulum. Typical random process may be the number of
particles emitted by the radioactive source or the output of a noise generator.
Physiological
signals can be qualified as stochastic signals, but they usually consist of a
deterministic and a random component. In some signals, the random component is
more pronounced while in others the deterministic influences prevail. An example
of the stochastic signal, where random component is important may be EEG. Another
class of signals can be represented by an ECG which has a quite pronounced
deterministic component related to propagation of the electrical activity in the heart
structures, although some random component coming from biological noise is also
present.
Todas estas señales tienen en común su baja amplitud, entre 1 V y 40 V, cuando son
registradas en la superficie del cuerpo, y un ancho de banda comprendido entre 25 Hz y 500 Hz.
Debido a su pequeña amplitud en comparación al ECG convencional, 1 mV, y a las fuentes de
ruido presentes en la medida, estas señales quedan enmascaradas
La proximidad del esófago al corazón y el alejamiento de una de las principales fuentes
de ruido en electrocardiografía, el electromiograma, hacen que el electrocardiograma esofágico,
eECG, sea una técnica a considerar en HRECG
La primera aplicación de HRECG fueron los estudios del sistema de His-Purkinje. Se obtuvo la
actividad eléctrica del haz de His mediante promediado en la superficie del cuerpo. La señal de
sincronismo utilizada proviene de un catéter situado en el corazón.
Russell.-IA
tools are available, have a good understanding of what they do (if not how they
do it), be aware of the most likely pitfalls and misapplications, and know how
to implement these tools given available software packages. The basic concept
of this text is that, just as the cardiologist can benefit from an oscilloscope-type
display of the ECG without a deep understanding of electronics, so a biomedical
engineer can benefit from advanced signal processing tools without always understanding
the details of the underlying mathematics
Semmlow.biosignal