Usul Warsh

2 The Uṣūl and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh
The Tajweed Rules of
Riwāyat
Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘
From the way of

Al-Azraq
From the Ṭarīq of
Ash-Shāṭibiyyah
Fundamental Principles of Riwāyat Warsh ˘An Nāfi˘, In
Reference to Ḥafṣ’s Recitation and Upon Evidences from Ash-
Shāṭibiyyāh. The verses from Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh that concern the
recitation rules of Warsh will be written in blue Arabic text.
Imām Qāsim ibn Aḥmad Ash-Shāṭibī (d. 548 A.H.) wrote a
poem, consisting of 1173 couplets, about the seven authentic
Mutawātir Qirā-āt, which he called Ḥirz al-Amānī wa Wajh at-
Tahānī, it is better known as the Shāṭibiyyāh.
The ‫ ج‬is a code letter that indicates Warsh’s recitation rules.
The Uṣūl and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh 3
Bismi Allāahi Ar-rahmāani Ar-rahīm
In the name of Allah, the most
Beneficent, the most Merciful

Transliteration Table
Nr. Arabic English Nr. Arabic English
1 ‫أ‬ a 17 ‫ظ‬ ṫĥ
2 ‫ب‬ b 18 ‫ع‬ ˘
3 ‫ت‬ t 19 ‫غ‬ gh
4 ‫ث‬ tha 20 ‫ف‬ f
5 ‫ج‬ j 21 ‫ق‬ q
6 ‫ح‬ ḥ 22 ‫ك‬ k
7 ‫خ‬ kh 23 ‫ل‬ l
8 ‫د‬ d 24 ‫م‬ m
9 ‫ذ‬ dh 25 ‫ن‬ n
10 ‫ر‬ r 26 ‫هـ‬ h
11 ‫ز‬ z 27 ‫و‬ w
12 ‫س‬ s 28 ‫ي‬ y
13 ‫ش‬ sh 29 ‫آ‬ ā
14 ‫ص‬ ṣ 30 ‫ُوو‬ ū
15 ‫ض‬ ḍ 31 ‫ِيي‬ ī
16 ‫ط‬ ṭ 32
Contents
Transliteration Table ..................................................................... 4
The Tajwīd Rules of Riwāyat Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘ ........................... 6
1. The Basmalah Between Two Sūrahs ........................................ 7
2. Sūrat Al-Fātiḥah ....................................................................... 9
3. Mīm ul-Jam˘ and its Connection with Wāw ..........................10
4. [Al-Madd Al-Far˘ī]: Elongation .............................................11
5. The Pronoun Hā al-Kināyah ...................................................12
6. Rules of a Single Hamzah in a Word .....................................13
7. Two Consecutive Hamzahs In A Word .................................18
8. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar) ..........................20
9. 2 Adjacent Hamzahs Between 2 Words .................................21
10. An-Naql of Hamzah’s Vowel Between 2 Words ................24
11. Fatḥ and Taqlīl of The Alifs of Dthawāt ul-yā .....................26
12. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (III) Allīn Al-mahmūz .........................28
13. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (IV). Madd ul-Badal ...........................30
14. Alfarsh (Different Pronunciation) of Warsh .......................39
15. Iṫĥhār (Clarity) and Idghām (Assimilation) ..........................40
16. Tafkhīm And Tarqīq of The Letter Rā ..................................41
17. Tarqīq of The Letter Rā in Warsh’s Recitation.....................42
18. Taghlīṫĥ )Thickening) of The Lām ........................................47
19. Yā-āt al-Iḍāfah ......................................................................49
21. Yā-āt az-Zawā-id (Extra).......................................................53
22. Bibliography ..........................................................................55
The Tajwīd Rules of Riwāyat Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘ 1
(1) Nāfi˘ ibn ˘Abd Ar-Rahmān ibn Abī No˘aym al-Laythī, better
known as Nāfi˘ al-Madanī was originally from Aṣbahān. He was
born around 70 A.H. in Madīnah, and passed away there, at the
age of 99, in 169 A.H.. He was one of the major scholars of qirā-
āt and learned the Qur-ān from over 70 successors, including
Abū Ja˘far Yazīd ibn al-Qa˘qa˘ (d. 130), ˘Abd ar-Rahmān ibn
Hurmuz, Al-A˘raj, Muslim ibn Jundub al-Hudthalī, Yazīd ibn
Romān and Shaybah Ibn Niṣāḥ. All of them reported from Abū
Hurayrah, Ibn ˘Abbās and ˘Abdallāh Ibn ˘Ayyāsh Ibn Abī
Rabī˘ah al-Makhzūmī; and most from Ubayy Ibn Ka˘b from the
Prophet (‫)ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬. After the Era of the Successors, Nāfi˘ became the
chief Qārī of Madīnah. Eventually his qirā-ah was adopted by the
people of Madīnah. Among his students was Imām Mālik (d. 179
A.H.), who used to recite the Qur-ān in Nāfi˘s’ style of recitation,
saying: “Indeed, the qirā-ah of Nāfi˘ is a Sunnah”; meaning that
it is an authentic qirā-ah and his favorite recitation.
Imām Nāfi˘ had a very dark skin tone and the people would say
to him in wonder, “How radiant your face is and how fine your
manners are!” Nāfi˘ would reply saying, “Why wouldn't my face
and manners be like this? (Since) I had a dream that the Prophet
(‫ )ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬shook my hand and I recited the Qur-ān to Him.”
Additionally, whenever Nāfi˘ spoke, those near him would smell
the scent of musk on his breath. As a result, his students would
ask him whether he wore perfume or used musk before coming to
teach them. He replied, “Indeed, I do not touch or come near any
perfume, rather, in another dream I saw the Prophet (‫ )ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬reciting
the Qur-ān into my mouth. Since this dream, I have had this
beautiful scent with me.”
َ ْ َ ََ َْ َ َ ْ َّ َ َ َ َ ّ ّ ِ ّ ‫يم‬ َ ْ َّ َ َ 2
ُ ‫كر‬
‫لي‬
‫ْن ي‬ ِ ‫يم‬ ‫ة‬‫دين‬‫م‬ ‫يال‬‫ار‬‫ت‬‫ِيياخ‬
‫ياَّل‬‫اك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ف‬‫ي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ي‬ ***‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫ييييي‬‫ي‬ ‫يييي‬‫ي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫ِع‬
‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
ِ ِ ‫الطي‬ ‫ي‬‫ييف‬ ‫يالس‬
ِ ِ ‫فأمايال‬
1
Nailu al-Wattar fil-Qirā-āt al-Arba˘ ˘Ashar: 9, 31
2
Ash- Shāṭibiyyah: 25
Qālūn and Warsh were among the students who preserved

Nāfi˘s’ recitation. They were the two that were chosen by ibn
Mujāhid, the author of the first book for The 7 Qirā-āt.
Nāfi˘, two major readings arose: Warsh and Qālūn.
َ َّ َ َ َ َّ َ ْ َ
From
ُ ْ ُ َّ ُ
ْ ‫ماني َو ْر ُش ُه ْميييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييب ُص‬ ُ ُ َ
‫ح َبتِهِيالمجديالرفِيعيتأيث ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ‫ َوقالونيعِيىسيثميعث‬3
1) Qālūn: He is ˘Isā bin Mīna bin Wardān (120-220 A.H.), the
stepson of Nāfi˘and his kunyah is Abū Musā. He was of Roman
heritage and lived in Madīnah. His Sheikh, Imām Nāfi˘, gave
him the nickname Qālūn, which means “good” in the Roman
language, because of the excellent quality of his qirā-ah. After
Nāfi˘’s death, Qālūn took over his position as the leading Qārī of
Madīnah and he died there later. He was deaf and could not even
hear a horn, but if someone recited the Qur-ān to him, he could
hear it. Some say the deafness came when he was older, but
others mention it as if he was always deaf, and Allah knows best.
2) Warsh: He is Abū Sa˘īd ˘Uthmān ibn Sa˘īd Al-Miṣrī, (110-197

A.H.). He lived in Egypt, but travelled to Madīnah in 155 A.H. to
study under his sheikh, Imām Nāfi˘, and recited the whole Qur-
ān to him many times. Eventually, he returned to Egypt, and
became the leading Qārī of Egypt.
1. The Basmalah Between Two Sūrahs 4

Warsh has 3 ways of joining any two consecutive sūrahs with or
without basmalah, by using Basmalah, Sakt or Waṣl.
َ َ َ ًَْ َ ْ ََ َ ْ َ َ ُّ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫لييي‬‫يوَتَ ُّم ي‬ ‫ييي***ييييييييييييرِجالينموهايدِرية‬ ‫ْييب ِ ُس َّنةييييييييييييييييييي‬
ِ ‫وبسمليبْييالسورت‬
َ َ َ َُّ َ ْ َْ َ َ َ ً َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ َّ ُ َ َ
‫يم ْنيت ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ييي***ييييييييي ييي يويفياْلجزاءِيخ ِّي‬ ‫اهايييييي‬
‫وليبديمِنهاييفيابتِدائِكيسورةيسِو ي‬
All the qurrā` agree upon reciting al-basmalah in two situations:
1- When starting a recitation from the beginning of a new sūrah,
with the exception of sūrat at-Tawbah (it has no basmalah).
2- After ending sūrat an-Nās and before opening al-Fātiḥah.
3
Ash- Shāṭibiyyah: 26, 100, 106
4
Al-Iḍā'ah fi Bayān usūl al-qirā-ah
َ َ ‫يبالسيْ ِفيل َ ْس‬

َّ َ ‫اءةًيييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييِلِ َ ْْنيل ِها‬ َ ْ ََ َْ َْ َ َ ْ َ َ5
‫يمبَ ْس ِملي‬
ُ ‫ت‬
ِ
َ ‫تيبَ َر‬ ‫ومهمايت ِصلهايأويبدأ‬
Joining sūrat al-Anfāl with sūrat at-Tawbah: since there is no
basmalah at the beginning of sūrat Barā-ah, all the reciters have
3 methods to connect these sūrahs:
(a) “Waqf”: take a break for any amount of time
(b) “Sakt”: take a short breathless pause
(c) “Waṣl”: connect both sūrahs
َ َ ُ َ َ َ ٌّ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫ور َت‬ َ ُ ْ ََ
َ ْ ‫ك َيب‬
‫لي‬ ‫يح َّص ي‬ ‫جلياه‬ ‫صليواسكَتيُكي ي‬ ِ ‫ْييفصاحةيييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييو‬ ِ
ُّ ‫ْي‬
َ ‫يالس‬ ‫ووصل‬
The ‫ ج‬in the verses is an indication of Warsh’s recitation rules.
Warsh can connect using basmalah, sakt or waṣl.
A. There are 3 allowed ways to connect 2 sūrahs with Basmalah
The fourth way is not acceptable because basmalah is not for the
end of a sūrah. You can’t join the last āyah of a sūrah with
basmalah, stop, and then start the following sūrah.
َ ََُْ َ ْ َّ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ َْ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫لي‬ َ
‫ومهمايت ِصلهايمعيأواخ ِِريسورةييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييفليتقِفنيادله يريفِيهايفتثق ي‬
The 3 allowed combinations are: (i) After finishing a sūrah, take
a breath, say basmalah, take a breath and begin the next sūrah.
(ii) Join them all in one breath, while applying the appropriate
tajweed rules. (iii) After stopping at the end of a sūrah, read the
basmalah, then without breathing, begin the following sūrah.
B. Warsh can connect 2 successive sūrahs without basmalah
(i) Sakt: a 2-second breathless pause, Warsh’s preferred method.
(muqaddam fīl-adā’) for connecting 2 sūrahs. The exception is
that he uses basmalah to join the 4 “Zuhr” sūrahs.
5
(ii) Waṣl: connecting two consecutive sūrahs while applying the

appropriate tajweed rules for the meeting of the letters.
َ َ ُ َ َ ْ َْ ُ َ ُّ َ َ ُ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ 6
‫ليييييي ***ي ل ُه ْميدونين ّ ي‬
‫ص‬ ‫يو َب ْعض ُه ُم ِ ي‬
‫ييفياْل ْربِعِ يال ُّيزهرِيب َ ْس َم ي‬ ‫اريدونيتنَفس‬‫وسكتهميالمخت‬
The 4 Zuhr: There are 4 sūrahs called “Zuhr” sūrahs. Two begin
َ
with ‫( َيويْلي‬Al-Muṭaffifīn and Al-Humazah) and 2 begin with ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬
(Al-Qiyāmah and Al-Balad). Some scholars say that joining any
one of these sūrahs with the previous sūrah might lead to an
unsuitable meaning. To avoid this they suggested the following:
(i) use the “Sakt” instead of making “Waṣl” without basmalah.
(ii) use basmalah before any of the “Zuhr”, instead of doing sakt.
2. Sūrat Al-Fātiḥah
(king), without alif in sūrat ul-Fātiḥah: 4 ‫ِين‬ ّ ‫ِكييَ ۡو ِم‬
‫يٱدل ِي‬ َ
ِ ‫ يمل‬Warsh reads
ََ ّ ‫َو َمال ِِكييَ ْو ِم‬
َ ‫يادلِين‬
...........***‫صي‬‫يراوِيهِينا ِ ي‬ ِ
Unlike Ḥafṣ, Warsh doesn’t count the basmalah as the first āyah
َ َ ۡ ّ َ َّ ُ ۡ َ ۡ
of al-Fātiḥah, rather‫ي‬١}‫ْي‬ ‫بيٱلعَٰل ِم َي‬ ِ ‫ {ٱۡلم يدي ِّلِل ِير‬is counted as the first
āyah. For this reason, the last āyah is split into two parts:‫ي‬
ّ َّ َ َ ۡ ۡ َ َ
‫يوليٱلضٓال َي‬
‫يييي‬٧‫ِْي}ي‬ ‫وبيعلي ِهم‬ ‫ض‬
ُ ۡ َۡ ۡ َ
‫غ‬‫م‬ ‫يٱل‬ ‫ّي‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ٦‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫م‬ۡ ‫تيعلَ ۡيه‬
َ
‫م‬ۡ ‫ِين َيأ ۡن َع‬ َّ َ َ
َ ‫يٱَّل‬ ‫صرَٰط‬
ِ {
ِ ِ { and } ِ
Note: All of the Muṣḥafs written with the tajweed marks and
rules are adjusted on the waṣl style, connecting the ayāt together.
6
Ash- Shāṭibiyyah: 103, 108
3. Mīm ul-Jam˘ and its Connection with Wāw 7

Mīm ul-Jam˘ refers to the mīm that indicates masculinity and
plurality. It always َ appears at the end of a word after a hā, tā or
ُ َ
‫ييأ ُي‬-‫ك ْيمي–ييب ِ ِيه ْيم‬
kāf, like in: ‫نت ْيم‬ ‫ يل ي‬.8 Warsh reads mīm ul-Jam˘ differently,
depending on whether it is preceding a sākin or a mutaḥarrik.
A. If sākin mīm ul-Jam˘ is followed by a sākin letter (to avoid the
meeting of two sākin letters), then Warsh reads this mīm with a
ḍammah ˘āriḍah without ṣilah. The temporary ḍammah is not
lengthened, (i.e., mīm ul-Jam˘ is not connected with wāw).
ُ َ ‫ايقبْ َل‬َ َ َّ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ 9
........................ ...…….***‫ِكيييييييييييييي‬ ‫كنيل ي‬ ِ ‫يسا‬ ‫ونيوصليضمه‬ ِ ‫ومِنيد‬
َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُّ ْ ْ َ ُ ْ ََ ُ ُ ََْ ُ َ َ
‫يمك ِم ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫س‬
ِ ‫كيبِالك‬ ِ ‫الييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييوق ِفيل ِل‬ ‫ابيث َّميعليْ ِه ُميالقِ َت ي‬‫لسب‬
‫كمايب ِ ِهميا ي‬
‫يي‬
َ ُ ۡ ُ ْ َ َ ُ َّ ْ َّ ۡ ُ ْ َ َ َ ُ َٰ َ ۡ ُ ُ ُ َ ۡ َ َ ُ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ ُ ۡ ّ َ
‫ل ْس َب ُ ي‬
}‫اب‬ ‫ك ُمي يٱل ِيق َيت ي‬
‫يب ِ ِه ُميا ي‬-‫الي‬ ‫ع يلي ي‬
‫ي ي‬-‫علي ِيه يمي يٱل يل يع ين يةي‬
‫ي ي‬- ‫ون‬
‫{مِنهميٱل يم يومِنونيوأكَثهميٱلفسِق ي‬
During waqf on mīm ul-Jam˘, all the qurrā` stop with sukūn.
Warsh has 2 ways of reading mīm ul-Jam˘ that precedes a
mutaḥarrik letter in a continuous reading.
B. If mīm ul-Jam˘ is followed by a mutaḥarrik letter (other than
hamzat ul-qaṭ˘), then Warsh reads mīm ul-Jam˘ with a sukūn.
ۡ ۡ َٰ َّ ّ ُ َ ۡ ٓ َ َ َ 10
‫ٱج َتبَ ۡي َنَٰ ُيه ۡيم}ييييييييييييي‬
ۡ ‫ِإَوخ َيو َٰن ِ يه ۡيمي َو‬
ِ ‫ِنيابائ ِ ِيه يميوذرِيت ِ ِيه يمي‬
‫{يوم ي‬
C. If mīm ul-Jam˘ is followed by hamzat ul-qaṭ˘, then Warsh
makes ṣilah, waṣl of this mīm (i.e., connecting it with wāw). To
do this: 1st, pronounce the sākin mīm with a temporary ḍammah
(˘āriḍah), then lengthen the ḍammah of mīm ul-Jam˘ into 6
ḥarakāt as in the madd munfaṣil. This ṣilah occurs waṣlan only.
َ ُّ ّ ُ ٓ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ََۡ َ ُ َ َّ َ َ َٓ َ
‫يص َير َٰطيي ُّم ۡس َتقِيمي {ومِن يه يم يۥيأمِي ي‬
}‫ون‬ ِ ‫يءاتى َٰ ُه ْمي َير ُيب ُيه ُيم ٓيۥييإِن ُه ْميَكنواي} َوهدينَٰ ُيه ُيم ٓيۥيإ ِ ََٰل‬ ِ ‫{ َءا‬
‫خذِينيما‬
َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ ْ َْ َ َْ
‫يصل َهاييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييل ِ َو ْر ِش ِه ْيمي َوأ ْسك َنهاياْلَاقون َيب ْع ُديِلِ َك ُم ي‬
‫لي ي‬ ِ ِ‫َوم ِْنيقب ِليه ْمزِيالقطع‬
7
8
Ghuny at-Talabah fi Taysīr as-Sab˘ah: 90
9
10
Sūrat ul-An˘ām: 87, Adthāriyāt: 16, Al-Baqarah: 78
4. [Al-Madd Al-Far˘ī]: Elongation 11

The madd is the lengthening of the vowel sounds in the letters of
madd or līn: alif, wāw and yā. The alif follows a letter that carries
a fatḥah. If yā is preceded by a kasrah and wāw is preceded by a
ḍammah, then they are elongated as Aṣlī or far˘ī madd. Madd aṣlī
is the natural 2 ḥarakah length. Madd far˘ī is branched from the
aṣlī and has a reason like hamzah or sukūn. In madd ˘āriḍ lil-
waqf, all the qurrā` allow qaṣr, tawassuṭ and ṭūl.
َ ّ ُ َ ْ َْ َ ّ َ ْ َ ُ َْ َ َ ْ َ ََْ َُ َ َْ َ َ
‫إِذايأل ِفيأويياؤهايبعديكسةيييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييأوِيالواويعنيضميل ِِقيالهمزيط يوِ ي‬
‫ل‬
I. Al-Madd Al-Muttaṣil is when a madd letter precedes a hamzat
qaṭ˘ in a word. Warsh reads wājib muttaṣil in 6 ḥarakāt ishbā˘ ṭūl.
َ َ ُ ُُ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ُ ‫اءياتّ َِص‬ َ ‫َكج‬
‫وُلييفيأ ّم َِهايأ ْم ُرهُيإ ِ ي‬
‫َلييي‬ ‫اُلييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييومفص‬ َ ‫يو َش‬
َ ‫يسوء‬ُ ‫يو َع ْن‬
َ ‫ئ‬
ِ
ٓ َ ُّ ٓ َ َّ ٓ ‫ٓ د‬ َ َ ُ َٰٓ َ َ ٓ َ َ َ ٓ َ ٓ ُ َ ٓ َ ْ
}َُُ‫ٱلسف َهاء‬ -َ‫ٱلسماء‬-َ‫رشكآء‬-ِّ‫المآ َء‬-ِّ‫ٱلن ِّ َّسا َء‬-‫ٱ دل َِّما ََء‬-‫ت ُب ٓويأ‬-‫ز يؤهم‬ ‫ج‬-‫سواءي‬-‫شيا يء‬ ‫ ي‬-‫سوءي‬-‫جاي يء‬ ِ ‫{و‬
II. Al-Madd Al-Munfaṣil is when a madd letter precedes َ َ َ ۡ َ َ hamzat ٓ َ َٰٓ َ

al-qaṭ˘ in 2 words, even adjoined in writing: }‫يأي يها‬ َ ُّ َٰٓ -‫ل‬ ‫يأه ي‬ َٰٓ -‫ه ُؤلءِي‬ {
Warsh extends the jā-iz munfaṣil madd into ishbā˘ ṭūl, 6 ḥarakāt.
َّ ْ ُ َ َّ ٓ َ َ َ ْ ُّ ُ ُ ْ ُ َّ َ َّ َ َ ٗ َ َ ٓ َ َ ُ ۡ َّ َ َ ٓ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َ ّ ُ ٓ
{ ‫قال ٓوايإِنا‬-‫ن‬‫أليإ ِ ي‬-‫ْي‬ ‫ميم يو ِيم ين ِ ي‬
‫نت ي‬ ‫نيك ي‬‫ياّلِلِيف َت َوَّك ٓوايإ ِ ي‬
‫َع ي‬ ‫ يو ي‬-‫يلنيندخلهايأبدا‬-‫َل‬ ‫وأمرهۥيإ ِ ي‬-‫يفيأمِها‬ ‫{ي‬
In Riwāyat Warsh, the madd munfaṣil includes 3 categories, each
is in 2 separate words, and hamzat al-qaṭ˘ follows a madd letter:
َ ۡ َ ٓ ّ َ ُ َ َ ٓ ُ َ َ ۡ َّ َ َ َ
1- Hā ul-Kināyah ‫ك‬ ‫ي يو ِد يه ِۦييإ َِل ي‬-‫ أنيلمييريه يۥييأحدي‬2- Mīm ul-Jam˘ ‫َوه َديۡ َنَٰ ُه ُيم ٓيۥييإ ِ ََٰلي‬
ََ
3- Hamzat qaṭ˘ maftūḥah or maḍmūmah follows (‫) يأناي‬.
َ َّ َ َ ََُ ََٓ َُ َ َ ََٓ َ ۡ ُ َ ََٓ َُ ُۡ ََٓ َ َ
}‫لينذِيريي ُّمبِْيي‬ ‫نيايناييإ ِ ي‬‫{إ ِ ي‬/}‫ل‬ ‫َث {أنيا يأ يق ي‬ ‫ك ي‬‫ْي}أنيا يأ ي‬‫ َوأنيا يأ َّوليٱل ُم ۡسل ِ ِم ي‬-‫ِيتي‬ ‫ۦيوأم ُ ي‬ ‫ۡح‬ِ ‫{قاليأنيا يأ‬
َ ُّ ْ َ ْ ُْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ّ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُّ َ َ
َ ‫يه ْم‬
‫يّج ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ِ ‫ي‬
‫س‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ييفيال‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اْل‬ ‫يو‬ ‫َت‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ح‬
‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ييي‬‫ي‬ ‫ييي‬ *** ‫ي‬‫ييييييييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬
‫ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ومديأناييفيالوصليمعيض ِم‬
The alif in the verse is a code letter that indicates Nāfi˘ َ elongates
َ
the alif. If hamzah maksūrah or other letter follows {‫{ يأنـاي‬, Warsh
drops the alif, like Ḥafṣ.
11
Al-Iḍā'ah fi Bayān usūl al-qirā-ah / Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 168, 170, 521
2 madd far˘ī, (waṣlan and waqf( al-līn ul-mahmūz and al-badal.
Al-Madd al-Far˘ī
Al-Lāzim Al-Muttaṣil Al-Munfaṣil
6 ḥarakāt 6 ḥarakāt 6 ḥarakāt
Al-Līn Al-˘Āriḍ
Al-Badal
al-Mahmūz lis-Sukūn
4-6 ḥarakāt 2,4,6ḥarakāt 2,4,6ḥarakāt
5. The Pronoun Hā al-Kināyah 12

The Pronoun of hā al-Kināyah is an extra hā at the end of a word
(with kasrah or ḍammah) denoting a singular male third person.
(i) Warsh Reads some Hā ul-Kināyah Like Ḥafṣ, With ṣilah
The rule of a mutaḥarrik hā al-Kināyah: If it is located between 1
mutaḥarrik letters, then lengthen it’s kasrah into yā or it’s
ḍammah into wāw of 2 ḥarakah; it’s called ṣilah ṣughrā (small).‫ي‬
ۡ ُ َ َ َ ََ ۡ ُ ََ َۡ ُ ۡ ُّ ۡ ُّ َ َ َ ۡ ُ َ َ 13
}‫خ َيرية ِ ين ۡيويت ِهِۦيمِن َها‬
‫ل ِي‬‫ ٱ ي‬/ ِ ‫خ َيرية‬
‫ل ِي‬
‫ابيٱ ي‬‫ٱدلنيٍايين ۡيويت ِهِۦيمِنهايومنيي ِرد ييثو‬ / ‫يٱدلن َيا‬ ‫{ومنييرِديثواب‬
ۡ َ ٓ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َّ
ُ ‫ۡ ُ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ ى‬ ّ َ ‫{ َو َي َّتب ۡيعي َغ ۡ َي‬
‫ّيا }يي‬ً ‫ص‬ ‫يم ِي‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫لٍ َون ۡص يل ِهِۦيجهن يميوساء‬ ٍ ‫ تو‬/‫ُلِۦيمايتوَّلي‬ ‫يليٱل يم يو ِمن ِْيينو ِي‬
ِ ِ ‫ّييسب‬ ِ
If hamzat qaṭ˘ follows hā al-Kināyah, extend the yā or the wāw to
6 ḥarakāt madd (munfaṣil); ṣilah kubrā. Only 1 is with ḍammah.
ّ َّ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ ٓ ِّ َ ُ َ َ ‫ِنييا َ ۡهليٱلۡك َِتَٰب‬
‫نيتا َمن ُهيبِدِينٍارييلييُ َيو يدِه ِۦٓي‬
‫نييا ِ ي‬ ‫يومِن ُه َّي‬
‫ميم ِي‬ ‫نيتا َيم ُي‬
‫نهٍبِقِنطٍارٍيي يو يده ِۦييإ َِلك‬ ‫نييا ِ ي‬
‫يم ِي‬ ِ ِ ‫{وم ي‬
َ َ
ُ َ َ َۡ ْ ُ ُ َۡ ٓ َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ َ َّ َ ۡ َ
}‫ض ُيهيلك ۡيم‬ ‫تيعل ۡيهِيقائ ِ ٗيما}{ِإَونيتشكروايير ي‬ ‫يإ َِلكيإِليمايدم‬
12
Al-Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh:
13
Sūrat Āli-˘Imrān: 145, An-Nisā’:115, Āli-˘Imrān: 75, Ash-Shurā: 20, Az-Zumar: 7
(ii) Warsh Reads Some Hā Al-Kināyah Differently From Ḥafṣ
Ḥafṣ reads, Warsh reads, Note Sūrah:#

waṣlan waṣlan
ُ‫يوأَ َخ ياه‬َ ‫أَ ۡرج ۡه‬ ُ‫أَ ۡرج يهِۦي َوأ َ َخ ياه‬ Warsh with ṣilah
ِ ِ 7: 110
َّ ُ َٰ َ َ ٓ َ َ َّ َ َ‫َو َمآيأ‬
‫ومايأنسى ين ِي يهيإ ِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫نسى َٰين ِي يهِيإ ِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ḍammah / kasrah 18: 63
َ َ َُ ۡ َ َٰٓ َ ْ ُ َ
‫َو َي َّتق يهِيفأ ْو َٰٓلئ ِ ي‬
‫ك‬ ‫لئ ِ ي‬
‫ك‬ ‫َو َي َّتقِي يهِۦي يفأو‬ Warsh with ṣilah 24: 50
ً
‫ُليفِيهِۦي ُم َهانا‬ ُۡ ‫خ‬ًۡ ََ
‫ُلي يفِي يهِي ُم َهانا‬
‫وي‬ ُۡ ‫خ‬ ۡ ََ
‫وي‬ Warsh no ṣilah 11: 69
َ ََۡ َ ََۡ
‫فألقِ ۡهيإ ِ َۡل ِه ۡيم‬ ‫فألقِ يهِ يۦٓيإ ِ َۡل ِه ۡيم‬ Warsh with ṣilah 27: 28
َّ ََ َّ َ ََ َ
‫ب ِ َمايع َٰ َه َديع يل ۡي ُيهي َي‬
‫ٱّلِل‬ ‫ ب ِ َمايع َٰ َه َديعل ۡي يهِي َي‬kasrah / tarqīq lām 48: 10
‫ٱّلِل‬
of Ism ul-jalālah
َ َ ُ‫يد ْع َواه‬َ َّ َ ٌّ َ َ ْ َ ً َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ َ َ َ 14
‫يح ْر َم ي‬
‫لييي‬ ‫يساكِنايييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييويفيالهاءِيضميلف‬ ‫ج يئهيبِالهم ِز‬ ِ ‫وىعينفر ييأر‬
َ َ ُ َْ َ ُ ً َ َْ َ َ ْ
‫سيل ِغ ْ ِي‬
ْ َ َ‫َوأَ ْسك ْنينَصّيايف‬
ً
‫لي‬‫صلهايجوادايدونيريبيِلِ وص ي‬ ِ ‫ّيه ْيِمييييييييييييييييي***يييييي يو‬ ِ ‫يواك‬ َ ‫از‬ ِ ِ
َ َ َْ ْ ََْ ُْ ََ ْ ‫ۡل ْف ِي‬ ُ َ
ْ ْ َ ََ
‫يو َّص ي‬
‫لي‬ ِ‫ييفيالفتح‬ َ
ِ ‫ص ِه يمييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييومعهيعليهِياّلِل‬ َ ِ ‫ِيض َّمي‬ ‫سيأن َسانِيه‬ ِ ‫وهايك‬
6. Rules of a Single Hamzah in a Word 15

Changes in hamzah are allowed to ease the pronunciation. Warsh
reads with: tas-hīl (pronouncing the hamzah with ease between
its sound and the sound of the madd letter which corresponds to
its ḥarakah). Ibdāl (to replace or substitute the sākin hamzah by a
letter of madd that corresponds to the previous letter’s ḥarakah).
Naql (or naql ul-ḥarakah) means to transfer the ḥarakah of the
hamzah to the sākin ṣaḥiḥ letter before it, then drop the hamzah.
ْ
Ḥadthf :‫( َحذف‬deleting a hamzah). Adding hamzahs to words.
Warsh makes ibdāl of a sākin hamzah when it is the first letter
(fā-ul-kalimah) as in (b) waṣlan (connecting a word), which
differs from its ibdāl at the starting, as in (c). (i.e. The mubdal
madd letter differs so as to match the previous letter’s ḥarakah).
14
Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 166, 167, 844
15
Nailu al-Wattar fil-Qirā-āt al-Arba˘ ˘Ashar:
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪The Uṣūl and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh‬‬
‫‪(a) waṣlan, Ḥafṣ‬‬ ‫‪(b) waṣlan, Warsh (c) Starting‬‬ ‫‪Sūrah:#‬‬

‫ُۡ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫ٱَّلييٱؤت ِم َي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ٱَّلييٱ ۡي ُت ِم َي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫أ ۡيوت ِم َي‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪2: 283‬‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٱل ُه َدىيٱئت ِ َنا‬ ‫ٱل ُه َدىيٱىت ِ َناي‬ ‫إِيت ِ َنا‬ ‫‪6: 71‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫اصال ُِحيٱئت ِ َنا‬ ‫يَ َ‬ ‫اصال ُِحيٱوت َِنا‬ ‫يَ َ‬ ‫إِيت ِ َنا‬ ‫‪7: 77‬‬
‫ُ ُ َۡ ّ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ ّ‬ ‫َ ّ‬
‫َيقوليٱئذ ِ ي‬
‫نيَل‬ ‫َي يقوليٱوذ ِ ي‬
‫نيَل‬ ‫يذني ِ ي‬
‫َل‬ ‫يإ ِ ي‬ ‫‪9: 49‬‬
‫َٓ َ ۡ‬ ‫َٓ َ‬
‫ل ِقا َءنا ٱئ ِي‬
‫ت‬ ‫ل ِقا َءنا ٱى ِي‬
‫ت‬ ‫إ ِ ِي‬
‫يت‬ ‫‪10: 15‬‬
‫ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫نيٱئ ُت ِ ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ف ِرعو ي‬ ‫نيٱ ْيوت ِ ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ف ِرعو ي‬ ‫يت ُو ِ ي‬
‫ن‬ ‫إ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪10: 79‬‬
‫ُ َّ ۡ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ َّ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫ثميٱئت ي‬
‫وا‬ ‫واي‬‫ثميٱىت ي‬ ‫إِيت ي‬
‫وا‬ ‫‪20: 64‬‬
‫ۡ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ت يأ ِي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ٱئ ِي‬ ‫تي‬ ‫نيٱي ِي‬ ‫يأ ِي‬ ‫إ ِ ِي‬
‫يت‬ ‫‪26: 10‬‬
‫َّ َ َٰ َ َٰ ۡ‬ ‫َّي َ َ‬
‫تِۖيٱئ ُت ِ ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ٱلسمو ِ‬ ‫تيٱي ُت ِ ي‬
‫وني‬ ‫ٱلسمَٰو َٰ ِ ِۖ‬ ‫يت ُون‬ ‫إ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪46: 4‬‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ن{ ‪Note:‬‬ ‫ٱَّلي يٱ يؤت ِم َي‬‫‪ِ } drop hamzat ul-waṣl and the madd letter‬ي‬
‫‪preceding the sākin hamzah to prevent the meeting between two‬‬
‫ُْ‬
‫‪}. Then change the sākin hamzah into a madd letter‬ٱَّلِؤيت ِيمن{ ‪sākins‬‬
‫َّ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫َّل ۡيي ُيت ِم َني{ ‪ :‬يذِ ‪yā to match the ḥarakah of the preceding letter‬‬ ‫‪}.‬أ ۡويت ِم َنيي‪ِ /‬‬
‫َََ‬
‫يت ُيمو( ‪2- If it is the 2nd letter, after one of‬‬ ‫‪ ), then he substitutes it‬يف يأين ُي‬
‫‪into the same madd letter (waṣlan and waqfan) that matches the‬‬
‫‪previous letter’s ḥarakah (alif, if it is preceded by a fatḥah, yā, if‬‬
‫‪it is preceded by a kasrah, wāw, if it is preceded by a ḍammah).‬‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ َ ُُ َُْ ُ ُ َ ُ َُْ ُ َ ُ ُ َْ ُ ُُ َ ُ ُُ َ ََُْ َ ََُ ُ ْ‬
‫ام ين يه‪-‬مؤمِني‪ -‬يمو ِيمني‪-‬نأ ِي‬
‫ت‪-‬‬ ‫اخ يذ يه‪ -‬يم يأ يم ين يه‪ -‬يم ي‬
‫خ يذ يه‪-‬يت ي‬ ‫ام ير‪-‬يت يأ ي‬‫ك‪-‬يأ يم ير‪-‬ي ي‬ ‫ك‪-‬يوف ي‬ ‫اُك‪-‬يؤف ي‬ ‫ل‪-‬ي ي‬ ‫كي‬‫} يأ ي‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َْ َ َْ َ َ ّ ْ ُ ّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫يس‪-‬فأتوا‪ -‬يف ياتوا‪َ -‬ويأتوا‪-‬ي َيو ياتوا}‬ ‫س‪ -‬يف يب ِ ي‬ ‫ئ‪َ -‬يو يب ِّيي‪ -‬يفب ِ يئ ي‬ ‫َّل ُ ي‬
‫يب‪َ -‬يوب ِ ي‬ ‫ب‪-‬ٱ ِي‬ ‫َّل يئ ي‬ ‫ن‪-‬ٱ ِ‬‫اذ ي‬
‫س يت ي‬
‫ن‪-‬ٱ ي‬
‫ستئ يذ ي‬ ‫ات‪-‬ٱ ي‬‫ن ِي‬
‫ْ‬ ‫‪ْ َ ُ ْ َ 16‬‬
‫ص َيدةي}‬‫ص َيدةي‪:‬ي ُيمو َي‬‫وجي‪ُ -‬يم يؤ َي‬ ‫ج َي‬‫وجي َيو َيما ُي‬‫ج َي‬ ‫ج َي‬
‫وجي‪ :‬يَا ُي‬ ‫وجي َيو َيم يأ ُي‬
‫ج ي‬ ‫{ي يأ ي‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪Sūrat Al-Kahf, Al-Ambiyā’, Al-Humazah, Al-Balad.‬‬
‫‪The Uṣūl and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪I. Warsh replaces (makes ibdāl of) any sākin hamzah, that is the‬‬
‫َُْ ُ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ام ُير ي‬
‫ون ‪1st letter in the root of (noun or verb).‬‬ ‫ون‪-‬ي ي‬
‫‪ Fā ul-kalimah‬يأ يم ير ي‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫‪ , a scale (mīzān) of letters. Because‬يف َع ي‬
‫ل‪of a weighed word fa˘ala:‬‬
‫‪it is sākin and 1st letter, it has to be preceded by 1 of the letters:‬‬
‫‪ the 4 extra letters that any present tense verb begins with.‬أينيييت‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َََ‬
‫يت يمو( ويفيم ‪Or 3 letters:‬‬
‫‪ ). To find the root of a word, change it‬يف يأين ي‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ل ‪into 3rd person past tense singular verb form‬‬ ‫‪ُ {.‬يمو ِيمني{ ‪ُ {:‬مؤمِني{ ‪.‬يف َع ي‬
‫‪The sākin hamzah‬‬ ‫يفعل ‪Root-Scale‬‬ ‫‪Change it to a madd‬‬

‫ََُْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ََْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ي يأيل يم ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ـل ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫يـ يف يع ي‬
‫يأل يِمي‪-‬ي ي‬ ‫يَ يال ُيم ي‬
‫ون‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ََْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫يُؤ ِيم ُين ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ـل ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫يـ يف يع ي‬
‫ِني‪-‬ي ي‬
‫يأم ي‬ ‫يُو ِيم ُين ي‬
‫ون‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫َّلىيٱؤت ِم َي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ٱ ِي‬ ‫ِني‪-‬ياف ُتعِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يأم ي‬ ‫َّل ْي ُيت ِيم َي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ٱ ِي‬
‫‪Example: Ḥafṣ reads the 1st part, Warsh reads with ibdāl (blue).‬‬
‫َ َۡ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬ ‫تي َذنُ َ‬ ‫وُلِۦيفَذ َذ ۡ‬
‫ايٱس َ ۡ‬ ‫َ ۡ َ ۡ ُ َ َ ُ ْ َ َٰٓ َ َّ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ َّ‬
‫وكيْلِ َ ۡيع ِضيشـأن ِ ِه ۡميفـأذني‬ ‫ف ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِيو َر ُ‬
‫س‬ ‫لّلِل َ‬
‫{يستيذِنونك يأولئِك يٱَّلِين ييؤمِنون يب ِ‬
‫وُلِۦيفَذ َذ ۡي َ َ ُ َ ۡ‬ ‫ِيو َر ُ‬ ‫ۡ َ ْ ُ ۡ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ُ ْ َ َٰٓ َ َّ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ َّ‬
‫لّلِل َ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ايٱس يتا يذنوكيْلِ َع ِ‬
‫ـضي‬ ‫ف ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت يمِن يه يم}يس يتا يذِنونك يأولئِكيٱَّلِين ييي يومِنونيب ِ‬ ‫شئ ي‬ ‫ل َِمن ي ِي‬
‫ۡ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ّ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬
‫تيمِـن ُيه ۡيم}ي ‪Warsh doesn’t change the sākin hamzah‬‬ ‫ش يأن ِ ِه ۡيميي يفاذنيل َِمني ِي‬
‫ش يئ ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫َََ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬
‫ش ۡيئ َ ي‬
‫ت‬ ‫ش يأن ِ ِه ۡيم ‪ -‬يف ْيعل ُِه ْيم ‪ lām ul-kalimah-‬يف يع ي‬
‫ل‪-‬شا َيء‪,‬ي ِي‬ ‫‪or ˘ayn ul-kalimah‬ي ي‬
‫ََ ْ ُ َ َ َْ َ ّ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫تيفَ ً‬ ‫‪َ َ َ 17‬‬
‫يم َب َّدلي‬ ‫اءيم َِنيالفِ ْع ِليه ْم َزةيييييييي ييييييييي ي***ييييييفورشييي ِريهايحرفيمد‬ ‫ك َن ْ‬ ‫ي إِذايس‬
‫َ َ َّ َ ْ َ َّ ّ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َُْ‬
‫يمؤ َّج ي‬
‫لي‬ ‫ِيوال َو ُاويعن ُهيإِنييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييي يييتفتحيإِثريالض ِميَنو‬ ‫ِياإليواء‬
‫سِوىيُجلة ِ‬
‫‪Exceptions: (a) Warsh does not change the sākin hamzah of any‬‬
‫ۡ‬
‫‪,‬ٱإل َ‬
‫ييوياء ‪of the 7 derivatives of‬‬ ‫‪ِ even though it is fā ul-kalimah:‬‬
‫ۡ ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ۡ َ َٰ ُ ُ َ ۡ َ َٰ ُ‬ ‫َۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ َ ۡ َ َٰ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ى}ي‬‫َٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫كمي‪-‬يتيوِي يهِيي‪ -‬ٱلمأو ي‬ ‫ُ‬
‫يي‪-‬يف يأ يوواي– فمأوىه يمي–يمأويى ي‬‫ٓ‬
‫{ومأوى يهي‪-‬يوتيوِ ي‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 214, 215‬‬
The word will be hard to pronounce, heavy on the tongue if the

hamzah of }ِ‫تيوِي يه‬ ۡ ُ -‫ي‬ ۡ ُ ‫ ي{ َو‬is changed to 2 successive wāws.
‫تيوِ ٓي‬
(b) Warsh changes only 3 sākin hamzahs preceded by a kasrah
into a sākin yā, even though it is ˘ayn of the word on the scale: ‫ي‬
ّ ْ ْ ْ ْ ّ
-‫ ف ِْعل‬: }‫يس َما‬
َ ‫يب‬-‫سي‬ َْ
ِ ‫ِيبي–يوبِّييي–يبِي ي‬
َ ‫َّل ُ ي‬‫يبِئ َس َما{}يٱ‬-‫سي‬
‫ئي–يبِئ َ ي‬ ‫بي–ي َوب ِ ي‬‫}ٱَّلِئ ُ ي‬
َ َََْ ْ ْ ّ ْ ُ ُ ْ ‫يويفيبئْ َس َي‬ َ َ َ 18
َ ‫الهُييفيب ْئ‬
‫بي َو ْرشيي َوالك َِسائِييفأبد ي‬
‫لييي‬ َ
ِ ‫يورشه يمييييييييييييييييي***يييييويفياَّلِئ‬ ِ ِ ‫وو‬
II. Warsh changes a hamzah maftūḥah (that is fā ul-kalimah)
preceded by (a) ḍammah into wāw with the original fatḥah on it).
Hamzah maftūḥah The Fā of scale ‫فعل‬ Change to wāw

َْ َُ َ ْ َُ ََ َ َ َ َ َ َْ ُ َ
‫ل ييتؤاخِذنا‬ ‫ـل َينا‬
‫ع ي‬
‫الي يت يفا ِي‬-‫ل‬ ‫فاع ي‬-‫ َءاخ يذ‬-‫َواخ يذ‬ ‫ل ت َواخِذنا‬ ‫ي‬
ً َ َ َ َ َّ ً
‫ُمؤ َّج ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يف َّعلي– ُمف َّعل‬-‫لي‬ ‫أج ي‬‫ي‬ ‫ُم َو َّج ي‬
‫ل‬
َّ َ َّ َ ُ َُ َ َّ ُّ َ َّ ْ
‫ييُؤل ِف‬-‫المؤلفةِيي‬ ‫المف َّعلة‬ –‫يف َّعل‬-‫ألفي‬ ‫ييُ َول ي‬-ِ‫ال ُم َولف ية‬
‫ِف‬
َ ّ َ َ َ َّ َّ َ ّ
‫ييُؤ ّي ِ ُيد‬-‫ُمؤذِنيي‬ ‫ي ُمف ّ ِعل‬-‫يف َّعلي‬-‫ني–يأيَّ َيدي‬ ‫أذ ي‬ ‫ييُ َو ّي ِ ُيد‬-‫ُم َوذِني‬
َّ َ ُ َُ َّ َ َ َ َّ
‫يُ يؤ ي‬
‫خ ُير‬ ‫يـ يف ِّيع ي‬
‫ـل‬ ‫ي ي‬-‫لي‬‫أخ َّري–يف َّع ي‬ ‫يُ َيو ي‬
‫خ ُير‬
َ َُ ُ
Note: Warsh does not change: }‫ ُسؤال‬-‫{فؤاد ي‬, on the scale of:‫يف َيعالي‬
even though the hamzah is maftūḥah and preceded by a ḍammah,
because the hamzah is not fā ul-kalimah.
َ َ ََ َ
A hamzah maftūḥah preceded by (b) fatḥah tubdal alif }‫سا يل‬ ‫ي ي‬:‫س يأ يل‬
‫ ي‬,‫ي‬
َ َ َ ََ َ َ َّ َّ
‫{ ِيم ي‬19 (c) kasrah tubdal yā: }‫ب‬
‫ي ِيم ي‬:‫نس يأيته‬
‫نسايته‬ ‫ َِلَ َه َ ي‬:‫ب‬
‫ ِْله َ ي‬, ‫ل‬ ‫}ِلِ َ ي‬
‫ َِلَ ي‬:‫ل‬
َ َّ َ َ َّ َ َْ َّ َّ
‫َيو َو ْرشييِلِ َليوالن ِىس ُءيب ِ َيائ ِ يهِيييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييي َوأدغ َمييفييَاءِيالن ِىسءِيفثق ي‬
‫لي ي‬
III. A hamzah maḍmūmah preceded by a kasrah tubdal yā, in
َّ َّ
}‫ىس ُيءي‬ ‫{ٱلن ِ ُّي‬.
‫}الن ِ ٓي‬, then Warsh merges it into the previous yā: {‫ىس‬
18
Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 111, 224
19
Sūrat Saba’, Al-Ma˘ārij: 1, Mariam:19, An-Nisā’: 165, at-Tawbah: 37
Warsh Makes Both Ibdāl and Tas-hīl of Some Hamazāt

‫ي‬1- A hamzah maftūḥah preceded by (a) fatḥah tubdal in alif,
ْ ُ َ ََ ْ ُ َ َ ََ ْ ُ َ ََ ْ ُ َ َ ََ ْ ُ َ َََ ْ ُ َََ َ َ ََ
}‫أر۬ايتكمي‬-‫أر۬ايتمي‬-‫ أر۬ايتي‬/‫أريآيتكم ي‬-‫أريآيتمي‬-‫أريأييتك يم }{أريآيتي‬-‫أيريأييتمي‬-‫{أريءييتي‬. The
َ ْ ‫ ;أَ َر‬no ibdāl, since it will
rule for ‫يت‬ ‫ أ َير َيء َ ي‬is tas-hīl only (waqfan)‫۬ايت ي‬
cause collection of 3 sākins ‫ايتي‬ ْ ‫ أَ َير‬and Ibdāl and tas-hīl (Waṣlan).
َ َ
)‫حدي‬‫ي۬ا َي‬-‫حدي‬
‫ٓاء يا َي‬
‫ج َي‬‫ َي‬/ ‫ي۬ا ْيم ُيرينا‬-‫ٓاءيآ ْيم ُيرينا‬
َ ‫ج‬‫ ي( َي‬Warsh extends a mubdal madd letter
that is followed by a (a) sākin ṣaḥīḥ letter, into 6 ḥarakāt.
(b) mutaḥarrik letter, into 2 ḥarakāt.
َ َ ََ َْ َ َ ّْ ََ ً َ َ َ ْ ََُْ َ َ َ َ 20
‫لي‬ ‫ج ي‬‫يوك ْمي ُم يبْدِليي ي‬ ‫لييأخايَحد‬ ‫جنايييييييييييييييييييييي*** يوس ِه ي‬ ‫ييفيهايهأنت يميز يك ي ي‬ ِ ‫وليأل ِف‬
َ َّ َ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ُ ‫يفيهائهِياِلَّنْب‬َ َ
‫لي‬ ‫ُج ي‬‫دىيييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييِإَوبداُلي ِيمنيهمزةيزاني ي‬ ً ‫يه‬ ‫يهيم ِْنيثابِت‬ ِ ِ ‫و‬
ْ َ َ ْ َْ َ َْ ُ َ ً َ ْ َ ْ َْ ُ ْ ُ ُ ‫َو َي ْق‬
‫جها ِنيعن ُهي ُم َس ّ ِهل‬ ‫باييييييييييييييييييي***يييييوذوياْلد ِيليالو‬ ‫ُصيمذه ي‬ ِ ‫ييفياِلنبِيهِيذويالق‬ ِ ‫ُص‬
Warsh reads ‫يم‬ ُ ‫يئ‬
‫ـنت ْي‬ َ ‫ َه‬with tas-hīl (without alif) and ibdāl into an
elongated 6 ḥarakāt alif of madd lāzim, due to the next sākin nūn.
ٓ َ ْ ُ ٓ ُ ُ َٰٓ َ َُْٓ ُُٓ َ ُ ۬‫ َيهـ‬-‫نت ۡيميي‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ
‫نت يم يۥييأولءِيييي}يييييييييييييييييييي‬ ‫هـ ي‬‫ ي‬/‫ يهـ۬نت يم يۥييأولءِيي‬-‫نت ْيميي‬ ‫{ َٰٓي‬
َّ َّ
Warsh deletes the yā of ‫ي‬ ‫ٱلـِي ْي‬
‫ َٰٓي‬, as in }‫ن‬ ‫ي ييَئ ِ ۡس َي‬ ‫ { َيو َٰٓي‬and reads the
‫ٱل يـِ ْي‬
َّ
hamzah of madd mutaṣil waṣlan with tas-hīl {۬‫ٱلـي‬ ‫{ َٰٓي‬. He reads the
alif before the hamzah musahalah in both madd 6 and 2 ḥarakāt.
Warsh reads waqfan in 2 ways: 1- Ibdāl of hamzah into yā sākin
َّ
and elongated 6 ḥarakāt alif of madd lāzim: ‫ٱلي‬ ‫ َٰٓي‬. ‫ي‬2- Tas-hīl of a
َّ َّ
hamzah maksūrah with rawm (part of the kasrah) {ِ۬‫ٱل َٰي‬ ‫ ي‬-ِ۬‫ٱلي‬ ‫{ َٰٓي‬,
while elongating the preceding alif into 6 and 2 ḥarakāt.
َ ْ ُ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ً ْ ََ ً ُ ُ َ ‫ييفياللء‬ َّ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫لي‬‫ِيَعرِضيييييييييييييييييييي***ييييسكونايأوياصليفهوييظ ِهريمس ِه ي‬ ‫وقبلييئِسنياَلاء‬
َ ُّ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ً ْ ُ ‫ك ُسوراًييل ِ َو ْرشيي َو َعنْ ُه َماييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييي َوق ْ ي‬ ْ َ َْ ََ
‫لي‬ ‫ِيّج ي‬
ِ ‫ِفيمسكِنايوالهمزيزاكِيه‬ ‫وكَلاءِيم‬
2- A hamzah maksūrah preceded by a ḍammah with tas-hīl of the

َ ُ َ َ ُّ َ ُ َ َ ُّ َ ُ َ َ ُّ
hamzah and tubdal wāw as in: )‫اءي۬ يذا‬‫الش يه يد‬
‫ي ي‬-‫اءي يوِ يذا‬‫الش يه يد‬
‫ ي‬:‫الش يه يداءييإ ِ يذا‬
‫( ي‬
20
Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 559, 560, 562, 131, 966
‫‪Warsh Makes Tas-hīl (Softens) of Some Hamazāt‬‬

‫َْ‬ ‫ّ ُ‬ ‫َّ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ًْ‬ ‫َّ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َّ ُ ُ َ‬
‫كم‪َ -‬يءءِي يف ي‬
‫ك}ي‬ ‫يت‪-‬أ َيء ُي‬
‫نتم‪َ -‬يءءِيين ِ ي‬ ‫كم‪-‬يأ َير َيء َ ي‬ ‫ك ْيم‪ -‬ء۬ يف ي‬
‫ك)ي(َُُءؤين يب ِ يئ ي‬ ‫ك ْيم‪-‬أ۬ ُي‬
‫نت ْيم‪َ -‬ء۬ين ي‬ ‫يت‪َ -‬ء۬ين يب ِ يئ ي‬
‫{أر۬ ي‬
‫‪Warsh Deletes the Hamzah in Some Words‬‬

‫ُ َ َٰ ُ َ ُ َ َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ََ‬ ‫َ َّ َ ً‬ ‫ُ ََ َ ْ ً‬
‫ون}يي‬ ‫ون‪:‬ييضه ي‬ ‫َك}ي{ٱِلَيْك يةِ‪:‬يَلك ية}ي {يض ِهي ي‬ ‫َك}ي{دَك َيء‪ :‬د ي‬ ‫ُش ي‬ ‫{يبَيئ ِيسي‪:‬يبِيسيي‪ُ -‬شك يء‪:‬ي ِ‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫َ َّ ُ َ َ َّ َ‬
‫ون}‬ ‫الص يابُ ي‬
‫ون‪:‬ي يو ي‬ ‫الصايب ِ يئ ي‬
‫ْي}ي{ يو ي‬ ‫ْي‪:‬ي َيو َّ ي‬
‫الصا يب ِ َي‬ ‫{ َيو َّ ي‬
‫الصايب ِيئ ِ َي‬
‫ُ ّ َ‬
‫لي‬
‫ص ي‬ ‫ك ِنيف ِ‬ ‫ييفيالس َوا ِ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ ْ َُ ْ ً َُْ ً‬
‫الصاب ِ ُئونييييييييييييي***يييييييخذيوهزؤايوكفؤا‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْييال ْ َه ْم َز َ‬
‫يو َّ‬ ‫يفيالصابئ َ‬‫َّ‬ ‫‪َ 22‬و‬
‫ِِ‬
‫‪Warsh adds hamzah and reads some with‬‬ ‫‪6 vowels madd muttaṣil‬‬
‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َٓ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َّ َ َ َّ ٓ‬ ‫ُ ُ ً ُ ُ ً ُ ُ ً ُ ُ ً َ َ َ َٰ َ َ َ‬
‫لي‪ -‬ٱلَبِيةِي‪:‬‬ ‫ِيكئ ِ ي‬‫ِيك يل‪:‬يم ي‬ ‫وصي‪ -‬زك ِريا‪:‬يزكرِيياءي‪ -‬م ي‬ ‫ص‪:‬ي يويأ ي‬ ‫{هزوا‪:‬يهزؤاي‪ -‬كفوا‪:‬يكفؤاي‪ -‬يو يو ي‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ٓ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ َۡ ٓ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫لَّ يب ِيٓئ ِ َي‬
‫ْي}‬ ‫ب َيءيي‪ -‬ٱلَّب ِ ِييۧ َي‬
‫ن‪:‬يٱ ي‬ ‫لَّ ِ ٓي‬ ‫ٱلۢنب ِ َيئيا َيءي‪ -‬ٱ ي‬
‫لَّ ِ َّي‬
‫ب‪ :‬ٱ ي‬ ‫لُّ ُيب ٓيو َيء يةي‪ -‬ٱْلۢنب ِ َيا َيء‪ :‬ي‬ ‫ٱل ََبِيٓ َئةِيي‪ -‬ٱ ي‬
‫لُّ ُيب َيوية‪:‬يٱ ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َ ُ ٌّ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ََْ ً ََْ ً‬
‫ليي‬‫ّيينا يف ِعيياب ْ َد ي‬ ‫ييفيالَّ ِبءِيي َويفييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييالُّ ُبوء ية ِيالهمزيُكيغ‬ ‫وُجعايوفردا ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ َ ُْ ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ َ َ َّ ُ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ّييش ْع َبةيال َّو ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫حابيورفعيغ‬ ‫يُجِيعهِييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييص َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وقليزكرِيايدونيهم ِز‬
‫َ‬
‫َ ً ُ َّ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ُج ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يلي َوال َه ْم َزيقبْل ُهيييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييَعيحجةيواَلاءيُيذفييأ ي‬ ‫ِيكئ ِ ي‬ ‫ودعيياءيم ي‬
‫‪7. Two Consecutive Hamzahs In A Word 23‬‬

‫‪If 2 successive hamzat qaṭ˘ appear in a word, the 1st questioning‬‬
‫‪(interrogative, hamzat istifhām) will only carry a fatḥah and has‬‬
‫‪. Warsh‬ء ‪to be pronouncedَ muḥaqqaqqah‬‬ ‫‪reads the 2nd hamzah‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َْ َْ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ َّ‬
‫نزلي{ ‪}, maḍmūmah‬ءأنذ يرته يم{ ‪(maftūḥah‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫}أ‬ ‫‪maksūrah‬ي‪or‬ي‬ ‫{‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪}) with‬أءِيين‬
‫‪tas-hīl. He makes ibdāl also, if it is maftūḥah.‬‬
‫َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َّ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ َْ ْ َ َ ْ َ ََ‬
‫ليي‬‫ايأ ُيءن ِز ي‬
‫ْييثلثةيييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييي يء يأنذرتهميأميلميأئ ِين ي‬ ‫وأْضبيُجعِ يالهمزت ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ ُ ُ َْ َ ََْْ‬
‫لي‬
‫اتيالفتحِ يخلفيِلِ جم ي‬ ‫كلمةييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييسما وبِذ ِ‬ ‫ْييب ِ ِ‬‫يليأخرىيهمزت ِ‬ ‫وتس ِه ي‬
‫َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ َّ َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ُِص َيت َب َّدل ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َُْ َ‬
‫اد يروى مسه ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫تيييييييييييييييييييي ي***ييييييييل ِورشييويفيبغد ي‬ ‫يع ْنيأ ْهليم ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِفا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وقليأ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ indicates the first 3 qurrā’ of Shāṭibiyyah, recite the‬سما ‪The word‬‬
‫‪words of double hamzahs with tas-hīl of the 2nd hamzah. Warsh‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪Sūrat al-A˘rāf, al-Kahf, ash-Shu˘arā’, at-Tawbah, al-Baqarah‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 460, 458, 553, 473, 195, 183, 184‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪Al-Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh‬‬
ُ َ ُ ََُ َ ْ َ َ َُْ ْ َ ُ َُْ َ َ َ َُ َ َ َ َ
} ‫ُن ّب ِئُك ْيم‬.‫ َيء‬:‫ءيؤنبّ ِ ُئك ْمي‬-‫ي‬ ‫ُل ِِق‬.‫ يء‬:‫ ءيؤل ِِقي‬-‫ُش ِه ُدواي‬.‫ء‬:‫وا‬ ‫أؤش ِهد ي‬-‫ُنزِلي‬.‫ يأ‬:‫نزلي‬ ِ ‫أء‬-‫ُِذاي‬.‫ يأ‬:‫{أءِذا‬
َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ ٓ ََ ٓ ٓ ُ ‫{أَ َء‬
‫ َءا ِ ُي‬-‫دليي‬
‫دل}ي‬ ‫يي َء۬انذ ۡرت ُيه ُيم ٓيۥ أ يمي–ي َءأ ِ ُي‬-‫ َس َواءيعل ۡي ِيه ُيم ٓيۥي َءيانذ ْرت ُه ْيميي‬-‫ َيءيانتُ ْيميي‬-‫نت ْيمي‬
‫ َء۬ا ِ ُي‬:‫دل‬ ُ ‫ي َء۬ا‬:‫نت ْيم‬
If the second hamzah carries a fatḥah, Warsh also changes it into
an alif, then lengthens it either to 6 ḥarakāt if it is followed by a
sākin letter or 2 ḥarakāt if it is followed by a mutaḥarrik letter.
Exceptions: ibdāl is not allowed waṣlan and/or waqfan only.
(a) He reads the 2nd hamzah with tas-hīl only, waqfan as ibdāl is
forbidden; it causes a gathering of 3 sākin letters ‫ءيآ‬-‫ي‬ َ ‫۬ايت‬ْ ‫ َء َير‬- ‫۬انت‬ ‫ء ْي‬. َ
َ ْ ً َ ُّ ُ ُْ َ َ َ َ ُّ َ َْ
‫ِليي‬
‫اِلايابد ي‬
ِ ‫ِلكيث‬ِ ‫ايءآمنتميل‬ ‫افيوالشعراييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييبِه ي‬ َ َ
ِ ‫طهيويفياْلعر‬ ِ ‫ َو‬24
َٰ َ
(b) The ibdāl is not allowed in: {‫نـتم‬ ُ ‫ي َء۬اا َم‬:‫نـت ْيم‬
‫ام ُي‬ ‫} َء َء َي‬,{‫ي َيء۬اال َِه ُت َنـا‬:‫}ي َءأل َِه ُت َنـا‬.
1- It will convert the meaning from a questioning to a wrong
proclaiming confirming which is forbidden here. 2- The meeting
of 3 alifs; the 1st is the questioning hamzah, the 1nd is a hamzah
maftūḥah, and the 3rd is a sākin hamzah which has been changed
into an alif. The tas-hīl only is allowed for the 2nd hamzah.
Note that the 2nd hamzah has a madd badal (that is changed by
tas-hīl), can be elongated to 2, 4, and 6 ḥarakāt. {‫نت ْيم‬ ُ ‫ي َيء۬اا َم‬-‫{ َيء۬اال َِه ُت َناي‬
َ َ
(c) {‫يأ۬ َّمة‬-‫يأئ ِ َّمة‬-
 } wherever it occurs in the Qur-ān, tas-hīl, only.
There are 3 nouns repeated in the Qur-ān with 2 different
hamzahs in the beginning: The 1st hamzah is an interrogative
hamzat ul-qaṭ˘, the 2nd is hamzat ul-waṣl. All the qurrā` read
hamzat ul-waṣl in 2 ways: (a) tas-hīl (b) ibdāl: by turning it into a
long 6 ḥarakāt alif (madd lāzim), this is the preferred way.
َ ُ ُْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ّ َ ََْ ْ َ ُْ َ ْ
‫يمبْد ي‬
‫ِل‬ ‫اميفامدده‬ ِ ‫كنييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييي َو َه ْم َزة ِيالِستِفه‬ ِ ‫يم َس‬ ُ ‫يلم‬ ‫ِإَونيهمزيوصليبْي‬
ّ ُ َ َ ُّ ْ َ ُ ّ َُ َّ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ّ ُ ْ َ
‫يمثِل‬ ‫يُكيكٓالن‬ ِ ‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬) ‫ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ه‬
ِ ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ( ‫ي‬‫ييي‬‫ييي‬ *** ‫يي‬‫ييييييييييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ييييييي‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ياَّل‬ ‫كيذايأوَّليويقُصه‬ ِ ‫فل ِل‬
َّ َ ْ َ َّ ٓ َ َّ ُ َّ ٓ َ
1-{‫كريْن‬ َ ‫۬اَّل‬ ‫ء‬-‫ن‬ ‫ {ءاَّلكري ِي‬2-}‫۬اّلِل‬ ‫ َء ُي‬-‫ّلِل‬
‫ {ءا ي‬The rule in these words is called
madd lāzim kalimī muthaqqal (heavy compulsory madd),
because hamzat ul-waṣl is followed by a mushaddad letter.
24
Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 189, 192, 193, 176 / Sūrat Al-A˘rāf, Ṭā-Hā, Ash-Shu˘arā’. Az-Zukhruf:
58, Sūrat ul-An˘ām: 144, Sūrat Yūnus and An-Naml,
‫صلي‬ ّ ُ ‫ج َه‬ َ ‫كونيال ْ َوقْ ِف‬

ْ ‫يو‬ ُ ُ َْ َ َ ّ َْ ْ ُّ ْ َ َ
َ ‫ايقبْ َل‬
ِ ‫انيأ‬
ِ ِ ‫كنيييييييييييييييييي***ييييييوعِنديس‬
ِ ‫يسا‬ ‫وعنيك ِ ِهميبِالمدِيم‬
ۡ َ
َ ‫آل‬
3- Warsh reads (‫ـَٰٔـني‬ ‫( )ء‬10:51, 91): in 7 ways waṣlan: All the
reciters read the 2nd hamzat ul-waṣl (that is followed by a sākin
aṣli) with tas-hīl and ibdāl into 6 ḥarakāt alif of madd lāzim
َٰ َ‫ء۬ايل‬-‫ي‬
َ ‫يـ‬ َ ‫يـ‬ ۡ َ َ ‫آل‬ ۡ َ
kalimī mukhaffaf, light. )‫يـني‬ ‫ين َي‬ََٰ ‫يآل‬
‫(ء‬. The 3rd hamzah (‫ئَٰـني‬ ‫ )ء‬is a
madd badal that Warsh changes by naql of hamzah’s fatḥah to
the sākin lām and drops the hamzah. This requires the ibdāl of
the 2nd hamzat ul-waṣl to be limited to 2 ḥarakāt alif‫ـديي‬ ۡ َ‫ييوق‬
َ ‫ــن‬
َ ‫يـ‬ َٰ َ‫يءيايل‬.
َ
This is the 3rd way that warsh reads. So, both ibdāl in 6 and tas-
َ
hīl are read with 3 madd badal lengths of‫ني‬ ‫ يل َٰـــ َي‬. Ibdāl in qaṣr is
َ
read with qaṣr of madd badal. The last syllable ‫ن‬ ‫ يل َٰـــ َي‬is read with
either madd ul-badal waṣlan or ˘āriḍ to the sukūn waqfan.
ۡ
‫( ) َءآل َ ي‬10:51, 91): with 9 ways.
Warsh stops on the word (‫ئَٰـن‬
2nd hamzah 3rd hamzah, Waṣlan Waqfan Naql, madd ˘āriḍ
Ibdāl, madd 6 Naql, badal 2, 4, 6 into 2, 4 and 6 ḥarakāt
Tas-hīl madd badal 2, 4, 6 madd ˘āriḍ 2, 4 and 6
Ibdāl madd 2 madd badal into 2 ˘āriḍ 2, 4 and 6
8. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar) 25

If an interrogative occurs twice in an āyah, (i.e., a hamzah of
istifhām carries a fatḥah, and the 1nd hamzah carries a kasrah),
َ َ َ َ
such as: {‫}أءيِنا‬.....{‫}أء يِذا‬, then this double questioning is called
Istifhām Mukarrar. There are 11 of these in the Qur-ān.
Warsh recites 9 repeated questions with only 1 question in the 1st
position, )the 2nd hamzah with tas-hīl, between hamzah and yā).
He recites in the 2nd position with a declarative (Ikhbār) by
dropping the 1st hamzat istifhām, thus making the phrase a
statement (proclamation). Warsh reads 2 places in an opposite
25
Al-Iḍā'ah fi Bayān Usūl al-Qirā-ah: 44
‫‪ and an‬إِذا ‪way, meaning, with a proclamation for the 1st position,‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫‪(.‬أ ي۬نا) ‪istifhām in the 2nd position (i.e. with 2 hamzahs):‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َّ َ‬
‫{أءِذا يكنا يترَٰبا يأءِنا يل ِِف يخلق يجدِيدي} ‪Ḥafṣ reads the way it is written.‬‬
‫َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ ُ ٓ ْ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ َٰ ً َّ َ َ‬
‫يخ ۡلق َ‬
‫يجدِيدي} ‪Warsh: ar-Ra˘d 5‬‬ ‫{ِإَونيتعجبيفعجبيقوله يمويايأ۬ذايكنايتربايانايل ِِف‬
‫َ َّ َ ُ ْ ْ َ ْ ُ ُّ َ َّ َ‬ ‫‪َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ّ ُ َ َ 26‬‬
‫لييي‬‫ام ُهيَن ُويآئِذايييييي ييييييييييييي ييي***ييييييييييييأئِنايفذوياستِفهاميالكيأو ي‬ ‫ومايك ِررياستِفه‬
‫َ ْ َ َََ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ ْ َ َّ ِ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫تيمعيإِذايوقعتيوِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫خ يييييييييييييييييي***ييييس َِوىيالَّازَِع ِ‬ ‫امي ُم ي‬‫ليوالش‬ ‫س َِوىيناف ِعيي ِيفيالم ِي‬
‫َّ َ َ َ ً َ َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ك ُب ِ ُ ْ ً‬ ‫َْْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ايو ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫اِني يأَتيراشِد‬
‫وتيُم َِبايييييييييييييييي ***يييييييييييوهوييفياِل ِ‬ ‫َودونيع َِناديع َّيم ِيفيالعن‬
‫‪The Qurān has 11 places of repeated questions‬‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ٓ ْ َ َ ُ َّ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ‬ ‫يخلْق َ‬ ‫‪َ َ َّ ً َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ 27‬‬
‫يو ُرفاتايانايل َمبْ ُعوث ي‬
‫ون}ي‬ ‫يجدِيدي} ‪{3/1‬يقالويايأ۬ذايكنايعِظاما‬ ‫‪{ 1‬يأ۬ذايكنايت يرابايانايل ِِف‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ٓ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ‬
‫يوعِظامايانايل َمبْ ُعوث ي‬
‫ون}يي‬ ‫‪4‬ي{يقالويايأ۬ذايمِتنايوكنايترابا‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ُ ٓ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ ُ َ َّ َ ْ‬
‫ون}يييييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬ ‫يوءابَاؤينٓايأ۬ينايل ُمخ َر ُج ي‬ ‫‪{1‬وقالياَّلِينيكفروايإذايكنايترابا ي‬
‫َ َّ ُ ْ َ َ ُ َ ّ َ َ‬ ‫َّ ُ ْ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ال}ي‬
‫يالرج ي‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫ي‬
‫يِل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬
‫ن‬ ‫۬‬ ‫أ‬‫{‬‫ي‬‫‪-‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫ي‬
‫ة‬ ‫يِلاتونيالفاحِش‬ ‫‪{6‬إ ِينكم ي‬
‫يجدِيدِي}يي‬ ‫يخلق َ‬‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ َ َ‬
‫اييفيال ۡر ِضيإِنايل ِِف‬ ‫َ َ ُْٓ َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ۡ‬
‫ي‪{7‬وقالوايأ۬ذايضللن ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ ً َّ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ون}ي‬‫ِين ي‬ ‫ون‪ /‬وعِظامايانايلمد‬ ‫وث ي‬ ‫‪{9/8‬أ۬ذايمِتنايوكنايترابايوعِظامايانايلمبع ي‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ‬
‫ون}‪-‬يي‬ ‫اماييا ِنايل َمبْ ُعوث ي‬‫‪{11‬وكنواييقولونيأ۬ذايمِتنايوكنايترابايوعِظ‬
‫َ ً َّ ً‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ييف ْ َ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ َ ََ ُْ ُ َ‬
‫ياۡلاف َِرية ِ}{يإِذايك َّنايعِظامايَّن َِرية}يي‬ ‫‪{11‬يقولونيأ۬نايلمردود ِ‬
‫ون‬
‫‪9. 2 Adjacent Hamzahs Between 2 Words 28‬‬

‫‪When two hamzahs appear next to each other in two consecutive‬‬
‫‪words, (i.e. the first hamzah is the last letter of the first word and‬‬
‫‪the second hamzah is the first letter of the second word), these‬‬
‫‪words are read in different ways depending on the ḥarakāt of‬‬
‫‪their hamazāt (pl.). Rules regarding these hamazāt:‬‬
‫‪26‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 789-791/Sūrat al-Ra˘d: 5, al-Isrā’: 49, al-Mu’mnūn: 82, an-Naml: 67,‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫‪al-˘Ankabūt: 28, 29, as-Sajdah: 10, aṣ-Śaffāt: 168, 53, al-Wāqi˘ah: 48, an-Nazi˘āt: 10, 11‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫‪Al-Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 209‬‬
Rule 1: The 2 adjacent hamzahs in 2 words have an opposite

relationship with the 2 narrators of Nāfi˘. They oppose one
another; when one pair is in agreement (ittifāq), the other is in
disagreement, (ikhtilāf) and vice versa. The 2 hamzahs either
differ or agree in their ḥarakāt, and the 2 narrators either differ or
agree in dealing with each hamzah or the second hamzah.
(A) When The 2 Hamzahs Differ In Their Ḥarakāt

If the 2 hamzahs differ in their vowels, (ikhtilāf ḥarakāt), then
the 2 rāwīs (narrators of Nāfi˘) agree (muttafiqān) work together,
apply rule #2 on the 2nd hamzah. (applicable to 9 rāwīs: 6 from
the Shāṭibiyyah, the 1st 3 qurrā’ ‫ سما‬and 3 rāwīs from Ad-Durrah)
a complementary poem of the 10 Qirā-āt by Ibn Al-Jazari, the
great imām of this science. They make tas-hīl and/or ibdāl of 2nd
hamzah, depending on where the hamzah maftūḥah is. Either the
1st hamzah is maftūḥah, the 2nd, or neither.
َ ْ ً َّ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ََْ
‫لييي‬
‫مايييييييييييييييييييييي ي***ييييييسمايت ِِفءيإَِليمعيجاءيأمةيانزِ ي‬ ‫وتس ِهيلياْلخرىييفياختِلف ِ ِه ي‬
َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ َْ ُْ َْ
)1(‫س ِّيهليء‬
‫ييوكذال ِكي َي‬‫يأبْدِل‬:‫ك‬
‫ّيي يذايل ِ ي‬
‫غ ي‬‫ي ي‬/ )1(‫ي يأيب ْ ِيدليء‬:‫ي يف يتحِيياِلانية‬/ )1(‫س ِّيهليء‬
‫ي َي‬:‫ْلوَّل‬
‫يف يتحِييا ي‬
Rule 1: (a) If the 1st hamzah is maftūḥah, they soften the 2nd one
َ َٰ َ َ ٓ َ ً ً ُ ٓ
‫ُ۬ َٰي‬
which will have a kasrah: {‫َل‬ ‫ي‬-‫َل‬ ‫ }يت ِيفي ي‬or ḍammah: }‫ُ۬ َّم ية‬-‫{ َجا َءييأ َّم ية‬
‫ئيإ ِ ي‬
(b) If the 2nd hamzah is maftūḥah, they make ibdāl of it to a yā
to match the 1st maksūrah of or to wāw if the 1st is maḍmūmah:
ً ً ٓ َّ َ َ َ ٓ َ َّ َ َ ٓ َ ُّ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ٓ َ َ ْ َ
/‫يَايَ ية‬-‫الس َماءِي َيءايَ ية‬ ‫ِني‬
‫م ي‬/‫يو‬-‫ِنيالسماءِييأو‬ ‫م ي‬/‫ي َيول‬-‫السفهيا ُءييأل‬ ‫ يوصبن ي‬-‫}ل يوينشا ُءيييأصبناه يم‬
/‫اه يم‬
ۡ َۡ ٓ َ ۡ َۡ َُْ ۡ َ َ ٓ ْ ْ َ ُ
‫ َيوقل ِ ي‬:‫ِع‬
‫ِع{ي‬ ‫ي َيوف ُت ِ ي‬:‫ون‬
‫ َوي َٰ َس َما ُءييأقل ِ ي‬-‫ون‬ ‫ي ي‬:ِ‫ وِ ََعءِييأخِي يه‬/‫ع َمال ِهم‬
‫ ٱل َملؤاييأف ُت ِ ي‬/ِ‫يِي يه‬ ‫ي َيو ي‬:‫ع َمال ِهم‬
‫س ٓيو ُءييأ ي‬
‫ي‬
If Neither is Maftūḥah, Then Make Ibdāl & Tas-Hīl of The 2nd
(c) If there is no hamzah maftūḥah )i.e. the 1st hamzah has a
ḍammah and the 2nd has a kasrah), (the opposite does not exist in
the Qur-ān), they change the 2nd hamzah into wāw and soften it.
َ َ ُ ٓ َ َ ُ ۡ َّ َ ُ ٓ َ َ ُ ۡ َّ َّ ُ ٓ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ ُ َ َ َٰ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ
}‫َل‬
‫ ي‬.-‫َّل‬
‫يٱلفقراءي يوِ ي‬:ِ‫يٱّلِل‬
‫ناي{ٱلفقراءيإَِل ي‬.-‫َل}يازك ِيريا يءي يوِنا‬ ‫اء يوِ َٰي‬
‫يُ۬ ي‬-‫َّل‬ ‫{ َي ْهدِييمنييشاءيإ ِ ي‬
‫ يش ي‬:‫َل‬
Warsh makes tas-hīl and ibdāl of the 2nd hamzah into a wāw
َ َ َ ٓ ُ
maksūrah. The ibdāl is preferred, muqaddam‫يُ۬ذا}ي‬-‫ يوِذا‬:‫شهديا ُيءيإِذا‬ ‫{ال ي‬.
When the 2 Hamzahs Agree in Their Ḥarakāt

If the 2 hamzahs agree (ittafaqata) in their ḥarakāt, then the 2
rāwīs of Nāfi˘ differ (yakhtalifān) in regards to changing each
hamzah. The 1st rāwī, (Qālūn) changes the 1st hamzah. The 2nd
rāwī, (Warsh) changes the 2nd hamzah.
Ibdāl of 2nd Identical Hamzah Between 2 Words 29
َّ َ َ ُ ٓ َ َ َ ٓ ُ َ َ ََٓ ْ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ
‫ن}ي‬ َّ { }‫ك‬
‫الس َيمٓاءِيييإ ِ ي‬ ‫جل ُه ْيم} { َجيا َءييأ ْم ُرنا} {أ ِي‬
‫وَلَيا ُيءييأ ْو َٰٓلئ ِ ي‬ ‫ن} {جا يءييأ ي‬ ‫هؤلءِييإ ِ ي‬ {
َّ َ َ ٓ َ َ َٰٓ َ ُ ٓ َ َ َ ٓ ٓ َ ٓ
.}‫ن‬‫يال َّس َيمٓا يءِيُ۬ ي‬-‫ن‬ ‫يي ِ َّي‬6‫الس َيمٓا يءِ~ي‬َّ {}‫ك‬ ‫وَلَيا ُيءيُ۬ َٰٓلئ ِ ي‬
‫أ ِي‬-‫ك‬
‫لئ ِ ي‬ ‫ يا ْيم ُرنا}{أ ِي‬6‫ َجا َيء‬-‫{ َجيا َيءي۬ا ْم ُرنا‬
‫ و ي‬1‫وَليا يء‬
Warsh makes tas-hīl and ibdāl of the 1nd hamzah. He alters it
into a madd letter that follows the preceding hamzah’s ḥarakah.
If 1st hamzah is (a) mafatūḥah, then he turns the 2nd into an alif.
(b) maḍmūmah, then he turns the 2nd into a wāw maddiyyah.
(c) maksūrah, then he turns the 2nd into yā maddiyyah. (d) He
elongates the mubdal madd letter into: (a) 2 ḥarakāt if followed
by a َ mutaḥarrik letter (b) َ 6 ḥarakāt if followed by a sākin letter.
َ َ ‫احدي}{ َشيا ٓ َيء يأ‬
ُ}‫نَشيه‬ َ 1‫ َجا ٓ َيء‬-‫حدي‬ َ ‫۬ا‬-‫اكم}{ َجا ٓ َء ييأ َحدي‬ ُ َّ ٓ ِ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ ۡ ُ َّ ِ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ َ
‫ يي‬6‫أه يؤلءي يۦ‬-‫ُ۬ياك يم‬:‫{أهؤلءي يإِياك يم‬
Apply both lengths 6 and 2 ḥarakāt: if the following letter is:
(c) a sākin, then it acquires a ḥarakah: This occurs in 3 cases:
1- To prevent the meeting ofَ 2 sākin letters between two words.
َّ ُ ‫ييٱت َق ۡي‬
َّ ٓ َ ّ ْ ٓ َ ّ َ ّ َ َ َّ ُ ۡ َ 30
}‫َتفي‬ ‫ين‬
ِ ِ ‫يٱلنِساءِيا‬/‫ {لسَتيكأحدييمِنيٱلنِساءِياِيني‬. 2- As a result of Naql.
َ َ ۡ َ ْ َٓ ۡ ََ ُ َ ْ ُ ۡ ُ ََ َ َ َ ْ
‫نيا َردنيَتَ ُّص ٗينا}يي‬ ‫ييا ِ ي‬1/6‫وايف َت َيَٰتِك ۡميَعيٱْلِغاءِيۦٓي‬
‫ ييا ِ ي‬/‫ني‬ ‫ليتكرِه ي‬ ‫و ي‬-‫اد‬
‫نيار ي‬ ‫ يا ِ ي‬1/6ٓ‫بءِي يۦ‬
‫ يا ِ ي‬/‫ن‬ َّ {‫يي‬
‫للن ِٓي‬
3- if the following letter carries a sukūn and it is a madd letter.
َ ٓ
There are 1 ways to read ‫ َجا َءي َيءا يل‬: 3 tas-hīl with madd badal: 2,4, 6
ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ َٓ َ َ ُ َ ْ ُْ ُْ َ َٓ َ
and 2 ibdāl‫ي‬with madd: 2, 6 ‫نيالُّذ ُير}ي‬ ‫ا يليف ِرعو ي‬.‫جا يءي‬-‫ون‬
‫{جاءيآ يليلوطيالمرسل ي‬
Explanation of why Ibdāl has 1 lengths, only of madd ul-badal:
When the 2nd hamzah is changed into an alif and it is followed
ٓ
by an original alif, ‫ياال‬/‫ َجا َيءيال‬either drop one or insert one in
between, to prevent the meeting of two sākin letters. Dropping
results in ibdāl with 2 ḥarakāt. Inserting results ibdāl in 6 ḥarakāt.
29
Sūrat Al-Baqrah: 30, Al-Ḥijr: 61, Al-Qamar: 41, R.
30
Al-Aḥzāb: 32, An-Nūr: 33, Al- Aḥzāb: 50, Al-Ḥijr: 61, Al-Qamar: 41
Special cases: In addition to tas-hīl and ibdāl, Warsh adds an

extra ibdāl of the 2nd hamzah into a yā maksūrah for 2 words.
َ ۡ َ َٓ ۡ َ َۡ َ ٓ َ ۡ ْ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ ْ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ ْ ٓ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ ْ ٓ َ ُ َٰٓ َ
}‫ن‬‫ني َرد ي‬
‫ٱْلِغاءِيي ِ ي‬-‫ن‬ ‫ي ي‬6/1ٓ‫يٱْل ِ يغاءِي يۦ‬/‫ن‬
‫نيرد ي‬ ‫هؤلءِي ي ِ ي‬-‫ن‬
‫هؤلءِي۬ ي‬-‫ن‬ ‫ ي ي‬6‫هؤلءِي يۦ‬-‫ن‬ ‫{هؤلءِييإ ِ ي‬
َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ
‫س َيب ْعض ُه ْميت ي‬
‫لي‬ ِ ‫يفيالك‬ ِ ‫يواْلِغايإِنييل ِ َو ْر ِش ِه ْيميب ِ َياءِيييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييخ ِف‬ ‫َويفيهؤليإِن‬
10. An-Naql of Hamzah’s Vowel Between 2 Words 31

َ ْ
If hamzat qaṭ˘ ‫ ييأ‬mutaḥarrikah is precedrd by a sākin ṣaḥīḥ letter ‫يد‬
ََْ َ َْ َ
‫{ يق ْيدييأفل َي‬, then Warsh makes naql‫ح}ي‬
in }‫ح‬ ‫ي{ق َديافل َي‬transfers the ḥarakah
of any hamzat qaṭ˘ to the last sākin letter of the preceding word,
then drops hamzat ul-qaṭ˘. It is forbidden to make naql ḥarakah to
mīm ul-Jam˘, madd letter or (within the same word, except (‫)ر ْد ًءا‬. ِ
َ ْ ُ ُْ ْ ْ ْ َ َ َّ ُ
َ ‫َو َح ّر ْكيل َِو ْرشييُك‬
‫كيال َه ْمزِيواحذِفهيمس ِه ي‬
‫لي‬ ِ ‫حيحييبِش‬
ِ ‫ك ِنيآخِريييييييييييييييييييي***يييييص‬
ِ ‫يسا‬ ِ
There are 4 conditions of transferring:
1- The hamzah’s ḥarakah is transferred to a ṣaḥīḥ letter (only).
ُ ُ َ ٓ ُ ُ
2- (i.e. the letter can’t be a madd letter). }‫كم‬ ‫س ي‬ ‫نف ِي‬‫ ِيف ييأ ي‬-‫ام َّينا ي‬
‫ول ٓيوا ي َيء َي‬
‫ { يق ي‬.‫ي‬
3- The letter can’t be a mīm al-Jam˘. If mīm ul-Jam˘ is followed
by hamzat ul-qaṭ˘, then Warsh makes ṣilah, waṣlan (i.e., connects
this mīm َ ٓ ُ with a long 6 ḥarakāt wāw), as in al-madd al-munfaṣil.
َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ُّ ّ ُ ٓ ُ ُ ْ َ َٰ َ َٰ َ ٓ ُ ُ َٰ َ ۡ َ َ َ ْ ُ َّ ٓ ُ ُ ُّ َ ْ ُ َٰ َ َ ٓ َ َ
}‫اجا‬
‫اك يم يۥيأ يز يو ي‬
‫خ يل يق ين ي‬
‫ يو ي‬-‫ون‬
‫ومِن يه يم يۥأمِي ي‬-‫يصرطي‬
ِ ‫وهدين يه يم يۥإَِل‬-‫خذِينيمايءاتىهمي ير يب يه يم يۥإِنه يم‬ ِ ‫{ َءا‬
4- The sākin letter has to be the last letter of the 1st word and the
hamzah mutaḥarrikah has to be the 1st letter of the 2nd word.
ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ِ ‫يل‬ ُُ
The naql goes to the letters a- Ŝaḥīḥ sākin }‫ييٱوِتي‬ ِ ‫مين‬-‫مينييامني‬-‫ييٱوۡحي‬ ‫{ق‬
َ ْ ّ َ َ ْ ّ
ۡ َ ُ ۡ ُ َٰ َ ۡ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َٰ َ َ َ
َ َٰ ْ َ َ
b- Līn letter -}‫ِّي َيوايٱع َمَٰل ُه ۡيم‬ ‫يل‬:‫ل ِّيوايأعمله يم‬-‫ ٱبَنياد يم‬:‫ٱبَنيءاد يم‬-‫َل‬ ‫يخ يلوِيا ي‬:‫َل‬ ‫{خ يلوييإ ِ ي‬
ُّ َ ُ
ً َ َٰ ۡ ً َ
c-The sākin nūn of the tanwīn, pronouncing it, }‫ل‬ ٍ‫َعدايٱ يلو ى‬ ‫ ي‬-‫وَّل‬
‫{َعدايٱْل ي‬
ْ ‫ني‬َ ٓ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ُُ َ ً ُُ
َٰ ٍ‫احو‬
}‫ىي‬ ‫ج َعل ُهيغثا ًيء ي‬ ‫مِنياياميي ي‬-‫ يأيا ِيم ينخ ير‬-‫ع يذ ُياب َينل ِيمي‬
‫ ف‬-‫نياخ يري‬ ‫احديي– ي‬َ ‫ني‬ ‫ك يف يؤ ي‬-‫{ك يفؤييأ َحديي‬
Warsh merges the nūn of tanwīn into the sākin lām to mushaddad
lām, then transfers the ḍammah of hamzah to the sākin lām.
31
Al-Iḍā'ah fi Bayān usūl al-qirā-ah - Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 207, 226
d-The identification article (al at-Ta˘rīf), is a separate word. The

nouns can be read in 2 ways (after naql) with or without hamzat
َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ
al-waṣl {‫لزِفةِي‬ ‫ل ْر ي‬-‫ض‬
‫ ٱ ي‬-‫ض‬ ‫ٱل ير ي‬-‫ان‬ ‫يل ِنس ي‬-‫ان‬
‫نس ي‬‫ {ٱلِي ي‬because the lām acquired
a ḥarakah. Nouns cotainning madd badal can be read in 4 ways: 3
madd (2,4, 6) with hamzat waṣl and 1 without hamzah or madd.
ُ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ‫َُْ ى َُٓ ى َُٓ ى ُ ى‬ َ ََ ََ َ َ ََ
ِ ‫أَلِيييميان‬-‫أَلِييماني‬-‫ أيَلِيماني‬-ٍ‫لول‬-ٍ‫أيليويل‬-ٍ‫أيليويل‬-ٍ‫أيليويل‬-‫ليخرةي‬-‫أيليخرة‬-‫أيليخرة‬-‫يرةِي‬
}‫َلماني‬-‫ي‬ ‫خي‬
ِ ‫يل‬
‫{أ ي‬
Note: The rule of preventing the meeting of 2 sākin letters

between 2 words is applicable, even after a sākin ṣaḥīḥ acquires
the ḥarakah by naql. (a) If there is a madd letter before it,َ then
َ ُ َ َ ۡ ْ ُ َ َ ۡ
the 1st sākin letter is dropped {‫ن‬ ‫ قالي يل َٰيــ َي‬:‫ن‬ ‫يٱل ۡر ِ ي‬
‫ق يالويايٱ يلَٰٔـ ي‬, ‫ض‬ ‫ي ِيف ي‬:‫ۡرض‬ ‫{ ِيفيٱْل ِ ي‬
(b) If there are 2 ṣaḥīḥ sākin letters meeting, the 1st sākin has to
ْ َ
get a ḥarakah {‫ِنس‬ ‫نيل ِ ي‬ ‫ي ِيم َي‬:‫نس‬ ‫{ ِيم ي‬. The naql’ ḥarakah is ˘āriḍah.
‫نيٱإل ِ ي‬
َ َ
‫ضهِييف ي‬
‫ل‬ َ ًَْ ُ ‫ت‬ ُ ْ
َ ْ‫يكن‬ ُّ ْ
‫ص ِلييفيالَّق ِليك ِ يهِييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييِإَون‬ ْ ‫ َو َتبْ َدأْيب َه ْمزيال ْ َو‬32
ِ ِ‫يمعتدايبِعار‬ ِ ِ
‫ييي‬Naql ul-ḥarakah (transferring) is Forbidden to 3 Sākins.
(1) mīm ul-Jam˘ (2) a madd letter (3) sākin in the same word:‫ي‬
ْ
‫{قر َيءيآن}ي‬, except in sūrat Al-Qaṣaṣ: 34 }‫يَني} {رِد ٗءيا‬
ۡ ٓ ِ ْ‫يدياييُ َص ّدِق‬
ً
‫ير‬ ‫ع‬ َ ‫{فَأَ ۡرس ِۡل ُه‬
‫يم‬
ِ ِ
َ َّ َ َ ُّ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ ً ُْ
‫كنيعنيورشييأصحيتقب ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ‫اإلس‬
ْ ‫يهيييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييب‬
ِ ِ ‫َونقليرِدايع ْنيناف ِعيي َيوك َِتاب ِ ْي‬
َ ََ
Warsh has 2 ways of reading‫ك}ي‬ ‫يهل ي‬٢٨‫اَلَ ۡۜۡهي‬ ِ ‫} َم‬33, depending on how
ّ َ
he reads }‫ِن‬ ‫يإ ِ ِ ي‬١٨‫كِتَٰب ِ َي ۡهي‬ ‫} ي‬, he stops on both or connecting in both.
َُ ّ َ َ ّ َ ْ ۡ ُٓ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ‫{فَأَ َّم‬
‫يملَٰقيح َِساب ِ َي ۡهي}ي‬ ُ ‫يظ َن‬
‫نتيأ ِِن‬ ‫يإ ِ ِِن‬١٨‫يياوِتيكِتَٰ َب ُهۥيب ِ َي ِمينِهِۦف َيقوليهاؤ ُميٱق َر ُءيوايكِتَٰب ِ َي ۡهي‬ ِ
ُ ‫ايم‬
‫ين‬
ۡ َ ۡ ّ َ َ َ
ُ ‫يهلكيعَن‬٢٨‫اَلَ ۜۡهي‬َ ۡ َ ّ َ َ ۡ َ ٓ َ
‫يسلطَٰن ِ َييهي}يييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬ ِ ِ ‫َنيع َِنيم‬ َٰ ‫ي{مايأغ‬Accordingly,
ّ َ َ ََ
If he stops on ‫يإ ِ ِ ي‬١٨‫ }كِتَٰب ِ َي ۡهي‬He makes sakt
}‫ِن‬ ‫يهل ي‬٢٨‫اَلَ ۡۜۡهي‬
‫ك}ي‬ ِ ‫} َم‬
ّ َ َ َ َ
joins with naql }‫ِن‬ ‫{كِتَٰب ِ َي يهِي ِ ي‬ Idghām 1 hā’s. ‫اَلَ َّيهل ي‬
‫ك}ي‬ ِ ‫}م‬
32
33
Sūrat Al-Ḥāqqah: 28,29 -18,19, an-Najm, Sūrat Yunus: 51,91.
11. Fatḥ and Taqlīl of The Alifs of Dthawāt ul-yā 34

The Fatḥ: is to open the mouth straight up to read a standing alif.
The Imālah kubrā (idjā˘): is to read the alif in a twisted way,
which you hear the alif sound as being 50% alif and 50% yā. The
Taqlīl: imālah ṣughrā (minor deflection) is when you hear a
slight turning of the alif from the fatḥ sound towards the the
kasrah sound as being 75% alif and 25% yā. A taqlīl’s mark is a
ٓ
circle: }ٍ ‫{الر‬. Warsh reads all dthawāt ul-yā with fatḥ and taqlīl,
according to the length of madd ul-badal, with some exceptions.
Madd ul-badal Dthawāt ul-yā Dthawāt ul-yā

Qaṣr (2 ḥarakāt) Fatḥ Taqlīl at 10 Sūrahs
Tawassuṭ (4 ḥarakāt) Taqlīl Taqlīl at 10 Sūrahs
Ṭūl (6 ḥarakāt) Fatḥ and taqlīl Taqlīl at 10 Sūrahs
Dthāt ul-yā is a noun or verb ending with a līn alif maqṣūrah that
written on a yā and can be read with taqlīl. To verify alif in noun,
use a dual form. If alif is reverted to yā, then it’s dthāt yā. ْ
ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ‫َ ى ُ ى ُ ى َ ى‬ ْ َ ْ ُْ ْ
ٍٍٍٍ)‫انيل ِف يتيي يه‬
ِ ‫وساي‬
‫م ي‬-‫ان‬ َ
‫ يه يوي ِي‬-‫ان‬
‫وسٍل ِفتٍى ٍه}(ه يدي ِي‬
ٍ ‫م‬-‫ى‬ ٍ ٍ‫ ٍهو‬-ِ‫أعم‬-ِ‫ٱلقصوِى‬-ِ‫{ٱل َمأوِى‬
ٍ ٍ‫هد‬-‫ى‬
َ ْ َ َ َْ َ َْ ْ َ َْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ‫َويتَثْن َِي ُة‬
‫هلي‬
‫يمن ي‬ ‫هايِإَونيييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييرددتيإَِلكيالفِعليصادفت‬
‫ي‬ ‫ياْلسماءِيتكشِ ف‬
Put the verb in the first-person singular past-tense form, by

ّ َ َ َ ‫َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َّ ُ َ ى‬
adding tā al-mutakallim {‫ل‬ ٍ‫رو ى‬ ‫ت‬-ٍ‫رم‬-‫ى‬ ٍ ٍ‫نراد‬-‫ت‬ ‫َل ي‬‫ت يو ي‬- ‫ت‬ ‫ ير يميـ ي‬-‫ت‬ ‫اديـ ي‬ ‫{ن ي‬. If the
َ ُ ْ َ َ ‫َ ى َ ى ى‬ َ
alif reverted to yā, then it is dthāt yā. }‫ِن‬ ‫عصِا ِ ي‬ ِ -‫ت‬ ‫صي ي‬‫ع ي‬-‫ت‬ ٍ ‫ٍأ‬-‫ع‬ ٍ ‫س‬-‫ق‬ ٍ ‫{س‬
Alif ut-Ta-nīth almaqṣūrah can be written as an alif madd or yā.
If alif is written on yā at the end of a thulāthī verb, then this is the
َ
only case it can be read with taqlīl, except {‫ك‬ ‫{ َز َٰي‬. No taqlīl
َ َ ْ ُ َ َّ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ‫ّي َيدل‬ َ َْ
َ ْ ‫ِيغ‬
‫يَعيي‬
‫يوقل ي‬ ‫ىيو َماييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييي َزكيِإَوَليمِنيبعديحَّت‬ َ ‫َو َم‬
‫اير َس ُموايباَلاء‬
َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َّ َ َٰ َ َٰ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ َٰ َ َ َ َ
‫ َوع ي‬-‫ل‬
-‫ل‬ ‫خ ي‬-‫سنا‬-‫حدي‬ ‫ايأ ي‬
‫يأيب ي‬-‫لص يفا‬ ‫نيٱ ي‬ ‫يإ ِ ي‬-‫شفا‬-‫صا يه‬
‫ع ي‬‫ ي‬-‫ص يفا‬ ‫ٱل ي‬-‫ضا‬ ‫ يرِ ي‬-‫َل‬‫إ ِ ي‬-‫ك‬
‫مايز ي‬-‫َع‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ى‬ ‫دل ي‬-‫{دلا‬
َ ۡ َ ُ َ ْ ّ َ ََ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ
‫ ك ِمشك َٰوةي}يي‬-‫ ِلِكه َما‬-‫ٱلر َب َٰويا‬ ‫ َم ۡرض ِي‬-‫ َيو يدينا‬-‫يبَ َيدا‬-‫نَا‬
ِ -‫ات‬ ‫ َيو ي‬-‫ـفا‬
‫ع ي‬ ‫ح َٰي‬-‫س يما‬
‫ ي‬-‫َّت‬ ‫ ي‬-‫غ يزا‬
‫ ي‬-‫ل‬
ِ ‫ِت‬-‫َع‬‫يو يد ي‬
34
Nailu al-Wattar fil-Qirā-āt al-Arba˘ ˘Ashar / Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 315, 292, 296
‫‪No taqlīl of any alif of a thulāthī noun or verb originating from‬‬

‫َ َ َٰ َ‬
‫ت} ‪wāw:‬‬ ‫ك‪َ -‬ز يك ْيو ُي‬
‫‪{; unless adding one of the letters (in blue), then it‬ز ي‬
‫‪becomes thulāthī mazīd, (more) written on yā and gets taqlīl.‬‬
‫يم َعيابْتَىليي‬ ‫ايوأن ْ ََج َ‬‫يد)يفَذنَّ ُهي( ُم َمالي)ييي ييي ي***يييييييييييييييييي َك َز َّك َه َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪َ ُ ُّ ُ َ 35‬‬
‫لِّ‬
‫ثي(يِزِ ي ِ‬ ‫يوُكيث‬
‫ى‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ََ َْ ى ْ َ َْْ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫َ َ ى ُ َْ ى ْ ى ۡ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ل‪ٍٍٍٍّّ-‬‬ ‫ت‪-‬ٱستغنِ‪-‬ٱستسقِ‪-‬ٱست ٍع ٍ‬ ‫ي‪-‬ٱس ٍ‬ ‫ل‪-‬ي‪-‬وَلَي ٍ‬ ‫ن‪-‬ت‪ٍ -‬تت ٍ‬ ‫ك‪-‬أد ٍ‬‫ل‪-‬أز ٍ‬ ‫{ء‪-‬أجن ٍىكم‪-‬ٱبت ٍ‬
‫ُ ُ ۡ ى َ ُّ ۡ ُ ۡ َ ُّ ْ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ َّ ى َ َ َ ّ ى َ َ ّ ََّ‬
‫اك‪-‬ٱدلنيا‪-‬ٱلعليا}‪ .‬ي‬ ‫ي‪-‬ل ِلر يءيا‪-‬رءيِ ِ‬ ‫اهم‪-‬رء ٍ‬‫سيمٍ ٍ‬
‫ي‪-‬م‪-‬ي‪-‬فأحيا‪ٍِ -‬‬ ‫ن‪َ-‬تلِ‪-‬ن‪ -‬يوَن ىٍ‬ ‫ك‪-‬تم ِ‬ ‫زك ٍىها‪-‬تز ٍ‬
‫ْ ُّ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫يم َّي ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ك‬‫ِ‬ ‫يال‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ي‬
‫ِ ِ‬‫ي‬
‫ِيث‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ياِل‬ ‫وىيوهداه ُيميييييييييييييييييييييي ي***يييييييو ِيفيأ ِ‬
‫ِف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫يوال َه‬ ‫هدىيواشَتاه‬
‫‪Alif ut Ta-nīth almaqṣūrah is feminine alif that indicates a literal‬‬
‫‪or figurative feminine word. It is written at the end of dthāt ul-yā‬‬
‫‪as an extra small alif on yā. It is the 4th or 5th letter in any word.‬‬
‫ْ ُ َّ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ ّ َ‬ ‫َََْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫لي‬
‫ص ي‬ ‫ايو ُجودهايييييييييييييييي***ييييييِإَوني(ضميأوييفت ي‬
‫ح)يفعاَليفح ِ‬ ‫وكيفيجرتيفعىليففيه‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُۡ ْ ى ُۡ‬ ‫ُ ْ ى ُ ى ُْ‬ ‫ُّ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ىٍ‪ -‬ٱلق ۡربِ‪ٍٍ-‬أ ىٍ‬
‫نث‪-‬‬ ‫سطٍ ٍ‬‫بٍ‪ٍ ٍ-‬دٍنيٍاٍ–ٍ ِٱل ِو ٍ‬
‫طو ٍ‬ ‫ىٍ–ٍ ٍ‬ ‫وسٍ–ٍٱلقصوٍ ٍ‬ ‫ثٍ–ٍ ٍُم ىٍ‬ ‫ل ىٍ‬ ‫دلٍنيٍا‪ٍ-‬ٱ ٍ‬
‫ىل‪{ :‬ٱ ٍ‬ ‫ي يف ْع َٰي‬
‫ُّ ْ ى ُ ْ‬ ‫ُْ ْ ى ُ ْ ى َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُّ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُّْ ى ْ ْ‬
‫ع ٍقبٍ}‪ٍ.‬‬‫عٍ‪ٍ ٍ-‬‬‫ج ٍ‬‫اها‪ٍ-‬ٱل ٍ ٍ‬
‫س ٍقيٍ ٍ‬
‫ف‪ٍ ٍ-‬و ٍ‬‫ل‪ٍ ٍ-‬زٍل ٍ‬ ‫ل‪-‬ٱ ٍل ٍُع ٍليٍاٍ‪ٍ-‬ٱٍل ٍم ٍث ٍ‬
‫لس ٍف ىٍ‬ ‫ن‪-‬ٱٍل ىٍ‬
‫ول‪-‬ٱ ٍ‬ ‫س ىٍ‬‫ل ٍْ‬‫ق‪-‬ٱ ٍُ‬ ‫ى‪-‬ٱٍل ٍُوٍث ىٍ‬
‫وٱ ٍل ٍع ٍز ٍ‬
‫َّ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َّ ۡ‬ ‫َّ ْ ى ۡ َ ْ ى ْ َ ْ ى َ ْ ى َ ْ ى َ ّ ى َ ۡ ى َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ٱلسلوِىِ} ‪.‬‬ ‫َي ىٍ‬
‫ي‪ٍَّ-‬نوِىه ِم‪ِ-‬و‬ ‫ىٍ‪ٍ ٍ-‬‬ ‫تٍ‪ٍ-‬جنوٍ ٍ‬ ‫ش ٍ‬ ‫ض‪ٍ -‬‬‫ع‪ٍ -‬م ٍ ٍ‬ ‫ص ٍ‬ ‫ت‪ٍ -‬‬ ‫ل‪ٍ -‬ٱل ٍم ٍو ٍ‬‫ى‪-‬ٱل ٍقت ٍ‬ ‫ٱل ٍقوٍ ٍ‬‫ل‪ٍ {ٍ:‬‬ ‫ٍف ْع ىٍ‬
‫ٍيسٍ} ‪Dthāt yā Fi˘lā with kasrah on fā‬‬ ‫ٍاهمٍ–ٍضٍي ى‬

‫ٍىٍٍ‪ِ ٍ-‬ع ى‬ ‫ىلي‪ۡ :‬‬
‫{إحدِىِ‪ِ -‬سٍيم‬ ‫فْ‬
‫يع َٰ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ َ َٰ ُ َ ى ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ٍالٍ‪-‬أ َسار ى‬
‫ٍىٍ}‬ ‫ٍ‪-‬ك َ‬
‫ٍس ى‬ ‫امٍٍ–ٍٱلَّ َصار ى‬
‫ٍىٍ}ٍ‪ .‬فيعاَلي‪{َ:‬ف ادٍى‬ ‫الٍ‪{ :‬ٱَلَ َتى َ ى‬
‫مٍٍ‪ٍ-‬ٱَلَ ى‬ ‫‪ٍ.‬ف َ‬
‫ٍع ى‬
‫َ ى َ‬
‫ع} ٍ‪Any alif that is written with yā gets taqlīl‬‬ ‫ع‪-‬ٱل ٍَم ٍْ ىٍ‬ ‫ج ىٍ‬ ‫ى‪-‬ٱل ُّ ٍۡ‬
‫غ‪-‬نادٍ ىٍ‬ ‫ط ٍ‬ ‫‪ٍ {,‬‬
‫َ ََ‬ ‫َّ َ َ ََۡ ى َ‬
‫ف} ‪even that of unknown origin‬‬ ‫ت‪-‬ياأس ىٍ‬ ‫س ىٍ‬ ‫ح ٍْ‬ ‫ت‪-‬عسِ‪-‬بَلِ‪-‬يَاٍ ٍَ‬ ‫ن‪-‬متِ‪-‬يويل ِ‬ ‫‪{.‬أ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ ۡ َ ُ َ ۡ َ ُ ّ َّ َ ۡ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ي‪٧‬يٱّلِلي} ‪No taqlīl, waṣlan‬‬ ‫َّ ُ‬ ‫يوأخيِف‬ ‫يٱلس‬‫ي‪-‬سديى‪٣٦‬يالمييكي‪-‬يعلم ِ‬
‫يال ُ ً‬ ‫يويى‪٥٨‬يق‬ ‫{م َكنًاي ِس ً‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ ً ُّ َ ً ُ‬ ‫ُ ً ًَ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ ً ُّ َ ً ُّ ْ َ ً َ ْ ً َ ً ُ‬
‫ِف‪-‬ق ًرى‪-‬ه ًدى‪-‬‬ ‫ّم‪-‬مص ي‬ ‫َّت‪َ -‬مث ًوى‪-‬ع ي‬ ‫ح‪-‬ف ي‬ ‫َّل‪-‬أذى‪-‬غ ًزى‪-‬ض ي‬ ‫ّم‪-‬مفَتى‪-‬مو ي‬ ‫ىل‪-‬مس ي‬ ‫{م ص ي‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َ َْ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َۡ ُ َۡ َْ‬
‫ارِ}‪.‬‬ ‫ْي‪-‬وذِك ٍَى ٍ ٍّ‬
‫ٱدل ٍ‬ ‫ٱۡل َّنت ِي‬ ‫وج َ ي‬
‫َن ي‬ ‫ٱۡل ُّير‪َ -‬ي‬
‫ىل ي ُ‬ ‫اء‪َ -‬يوٱلقت ي‬‫اب‪-‬طغايٱلم ي‬ ‫كت ي‬ ‫س ي يٱل ِي‬
‫ن يم يريم‪-‬مو ي‬ ‫ىس يب ِي‬ ‫عي ي‬ ‫ِي‬
‫ى َ‬ ‫َّ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ ْ َ َ ى ُ‬ ‫َۡ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬
‫س‪-‬ت ٍَر ىءٍا}‪.‬‬ ‫ى‪-‬ق ٍ ىٍ‬
‫ى‪-‬عِي ٍ‬ ‫ىياّلِل‪-‬فَتىي يٱلق يو يم}{ٍن ٍ ٍ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫س‪ٍَ -‬رءََايٱلق َم َير‪-‬ين َير‬‫ل ْم َعان‪ٍَ -‬ر َءاٍٱلش ْم َ ٍ‬ ‫ت َِر ى َءا ٱ َِ‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyah: 297, 293, 294‬‬
Taqlīl Waṣlan & Waqfan, regardless of madd ul-badal’s length.

Dthāt ul-yā at the āyāt’s end of 11 sūrahs that don’t end with ‫ها‬.
The sūrahs numbers are: 20, 53, 80,75, 79, 70, 87, 91, 92, 93, 96.
َّ -َ‫ ۡٱلك ِفرين‬-َ‫ {كفِرين‬Dthāt ur-Rā ending with alif maqṣūrah

}ٍ‫ٱل ۡورٍى ى ِة‬ ِ ِ
preceded by rā
ٓ ٓ ٓ ُ ۡ ‫َ ى ُ ۡ ى ُۡ ى َ ۡ ى‬
ٍ ٓ ‫كهٍيٍ ٓع‬-‫ح ٍٓم‬-ٍ ‫ٱل ّ ٍٓم‬-ٍ ‫{ٱل‬
َ}َ‫طَه‬-‫ص‬ ٍ‫كبٍ ى‬
}‫ى‬ ٍ ‫ٱل‬-‫ى‬
ٍ ٍ ‫وذِك‬-‫ى‬
ٍ ٍ ‫ٍٱلق‬-‫ى‬
ٍ ٍ ‫أخ‬-‫ى‬
ٍ ٍ ‫{ت‬
(imālah of hā)
Dthāt ur-Rā ending in rā majrūrah with kasrah, preceded by an
alif of taqlīl
َ َ
ٍ‫ رأٍٍ ى‬-ٍُ‫ارٍِ– رٍءٍا ٍه‬
}‫ى‬ ٍّ ٍ–ٍِ‫ار‬
ٍ ‫ٱدل‬ ٍ ‫ٱلَّ ٍّه‬ ٍ ّ‫ٱل‬
ٍ ٍ–ٍِ‫ار‬ ٍ –ِ‫ٍمِنٍديِرهم‬-ِِ‫اتيقرار‬
ِ ‫{ذ‬
12. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (III) Allīn Al-mahmūz

In madd al-līn al-mahmūz hamzat ul-qaṭ˘ follows a sākin līn
wāw or yā (that is preceded by a fatḥah) in the same word.
َ َ َ َ ََ َ َ َ َ ۡ ‫ٱس َيت‬
‫شي ًئاي– ٱ َّي‬
}‫لس ۡيوءِي‬ ‫شءيي– ك َه ۡي َئةِيي– ي‬ ‫ َي‬-‫س ۡيويأةيأخِي يهِي‬
‫س ۡيو َيءآت ِ ِهماي– ي‬ ‫ي ي‬-‫سي– َول يت ۡي يأ ُسواي‬
‫يي َ ي‬ ۡ {
َ ُّ َْ ََ َ َْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ 36
‫ليي‬
‫ُج ي‬
‫اني ِي‬ ِ ‫ِإَونيتسك ِنياَلَايبْييفتحيوهمزةيييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييبِكل ِمةيأويواويفوجه‬
َ ْ ُ ُّ ْ ْ َْ ُ ُ َْ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ ‫ُصي َو ْي‬ ََ
‫لي‬ ‫كيأع ِم ي‬ ِ ‫ونيالوق ِفيل ِل‬ِ ‫صليورشييووقف يهيييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييوعِنديسك‬ ‫يوق ْ ي‬ ‫ب ِ ُطول‬
Ash-Shāṭibī means that Warsh reads with ṭūl (ishbā˘), (qaṣr of
ṭūl), meaning shorten the ṭūl by 2; which is tawassuṭ, 4 ḥarakāt.
In Madd al-līn al-mahmūz a līn letter and hamza qaṭ˘ appear in

the same word, but if they are in 2 words, then only naql ofَ the
َ َ َ ۡ َٰ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َ َۡ َْ
ḥarakah will occur: }‫َنياد َيم‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ايَل‬
‫ٱب‬ ‫خلوِ ي‬-‫لا‬ ‫ٱ ۡيب َ ۡي‬-‫َل‬
‫لويٱنز ي‬-‫َني َءادم‬ ‫خ يل ۡيوايإ ِ َٰي‬-‫لَا‬
‫{لويأنز ي‬
Note: If you stop on madd al-līn which has a hamzah at the end
or the one without hamzah, then it will become as ˘āriḍ lis-Sukūn
(stronger madd), all the qurrā` allow qaṣr, tawassuṭ and ṭūl.
36
َ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ‫ {ٱ‬Qaṣr means reading a letter of madd or
}‫خ ۡوفي‬-‫ق َريشي‬-‫شءي‬-‫شءي‬-‫لس ۡوءِي‬
līn without any extra lengthening. The exception that in al-līn al-
mahmūz, Warsh has 2 lengths of madd, tawassuṭ and ṭūl, waṣlan
َ َ
and waqfan of a hamzah that is not at the end {‫ش ۡي ًئا‬ ‫ ي‬-‫{ك َيه ۡي َيئ يةِي‬.
َ َ ُ َْ َ َ ُ َْ ْ ُ ُ َُ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ ‫وطيال ْ َم ّدِيفِيه َي‬
ُ ‫يس ُق‬
ُ ‫ َو َعنْ ُه ْم‬37
‫يم ْدخ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ييفيحيثيليهمز‬ِ ‫ِيوورشه يميييييييييييييييييي***يييييييواف ِق يهم‬
The 2 Exceptions of Madd ul-līn Al-mahmūz
I. Warsh reads 2 words with the qaṣr of ul-līn al-mahmūz: which
ٗ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ۡ َ ۡ َ 38
means no elongation at all: {‫ل‬ ‫ { َيم ۡيوئ ِ ي‬and‫ت}ي‬
‫يسئِل ۡ ي‬‫{ِإَوذايٱلم يو يءۥدة‬
َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َُ ُْ َْ ُ ْ َ َ َ
‫اوِي َس ْوآتييخِلفييل ِ َو ْير ِش ِه ْيم يييييييييييي ي***ييييييييوعنيُكيالموءود يةياقُصيوموئ ِ ي‬
‫ليييي‬ َ ‫ي َويف‬
‫يو ي‬ ِ
َ ۡ َۡ
Note: }ُ‫ـو ُيءۥد ية‬
‫ {ٱلم ي‬contains 2 madd: līn mahmūz, before the hamzah
and badal after it, so Warsh reads it with no elongation at all for
līn mahmūz, but with tathlīth ul-badal, (3 lengths), 2, 4 and 6.
II. The word: }‫ { َس ْو َءة‬, in dual and plural form, include a pronoun:
ُ ُ
‫ َي‬-‫س ۡيو َيءات ِكما‬
{‫س ۡيو َيءات ِ ِهما‬ ‫ َي‬-‫س ۡيو َيءات ِكم‬
‫{ َي‬, contains both madd: al-līn al-mahmūz
and al-badal). Since the badal is stronger** than the līn, so Warsh
reads it with 2 permitted ways: (i) No elongation of the līn {‫س ۡيو َيء‬ ‫{ َي‬
ُ
with tathlīth ul-badal of }‫{ َيءات ِكم‬. (ii) Tawassuṭ of both. These
are 4 ways, (iii) If there is dthāt ul-yā, will be read in 5 ways.
ۡ َّ ُ َ َ ٗ َ ۡ ُ َ ۡ َ ُ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َ ٓ َ َٰ َ
‫يٱِلق َيو َٰي‬
}‫ى‬ ‫يشايوْلِ اس‬ ‫اييُ َوَٰرِ ي‬
‫ييس يو يءات ِكميورِ ي‬ ‫لَايعل ۡيك ۡميْلِ َ ٗي‬
‫اس ي‬ ‫َُٰ{يب َِنيءادميقديانز ي‬
1- Qaṣr 2 badal {‫{ءادم‬
َ َ
1 līn / qaṣr {‫يويَٰءت ِك ۡمي‬
ُ َ
ۡ ‫ي{س‬fatḥ َٰ ‫{ٱِل ۡق َو‬
dthāt yā }‫يىي‬ َّ
2-Tawassuṭ 2 badal {‫{ءادم‬

َ َ
0 līn / 4 badal{‫يويَٰءت ِك ۡ فمي‬
ُ َ
ۡ ‫ي{س‬, ‫{ٱل ۡقو ى‬
taqlīl }ٍ‫ٍى‬ َّ
3-Tawassuṭ 2 badal {‫{ءاديم‬

َ َ
4 līn / 4 badal {‫يويَٰءت ِك َُۡمف‬
ُ َ taqlīl }ٍ‫ٍى‬
ۡ ‫ي{س‬ ‫{ٱل ۡقو ى‬ َّ
َ َ
4- Ṭūl of 2 badal {‫{ءادم‬,
ُ
0 līn / 6 badal {‫يويَٰءت ِك ۡمي‬ ۡ ‫{س‬, َٰ ‫{ٱِل ۡق َو‬
َ fatḥ ‫يىي}ي‬ َّ
َ َ
5- Ṭūl of 2 badal {‫{ءادم‬,
ُ
0 līn / 6 badal {‫يويَٰءت ِك ۡ فمي‬ َ
ۡ ‫ي{س‬, ‫{ٱل ۡقو ى‬
taqlīl }ٍ‫ٍى‬ َّ
37
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 181, 182
38
Sūrat al-Kahf: 8, at-Takwīr: 58, al-A˘rāf: 25, 26, ṬāHā: 118
13. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (IV). Madd ul-Badal 39

After discussing the rules of hamzah following madd or līn letter,
Shāṭibī is mentioning an opposite; madd letter following hamzah,
which is the substitute madd. Madd ul-badal: is a hamzat qaṭ˘
followed by a madd letters. ‫ي‬It is called madd badal ْ due to the
َ ُْ ْ
ibdāl of its 2nd sākin hamzah into a madd letter {‫ أأ َيم ُينوا‬-‫ِت‬ ‫يأؤ ِ ي‬-‫{إِئ َمـان‬
ُ َ ُ ً َ
that matches the ḥarakah of 1st hamzah- }‫يإ ِيمـ يانكم‬-‫ِت‬ ‫يأو ِ ي‬-‫يإ ِي يم يانا‬-‫{ َيءامنوا‬.
َ َ َ ‫َ ى‬
It is called aṣlī, true original badal. -‫ْي‬ ‫كئِـ َي‬ ‫ ُيم َّيت ِي‬-‫ْي‬ ‫ط يئ ِ َي‬
‫خا ِي‬‫ ي‬-‫ْي‬ ‫س يئ ِ ي‬ ‫خا ِي‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ى‬ ٍ ‫نأ‬-‫{رءا‬
َ َ َ َ ُ َ ٓ ٓ ُ ُ ُ َ َ ََ ُ َ َ
‫ون}ي‬‫ي يف َيماِلِيُ ي‬-‫ون‬ ‫س َيت ْيه ِيز يؤ ي‬
‫يأن يب ِ ُيئ ِ ي‬-‫ون‬ ‫ ُيم ْي‬-‫ون‬
‫يُ َيرا ُيء ي‬-‫ َجا َءواي‬-‫ٓاءوا‬‫يبَ ُي‬-‫ول‬
ٍ‫ٱَل ى‬-ُ‫ود يه‬ ‫ل يييَ يؤ ي‬ ‫ يو ي‬-‫ُش يكيئ ِي‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ادم‬ ‫يء ي‬
There is another type included in madd ul-badal that follows the
same madd rules of elongation as the aṣlī one. It looks like madd
ul-badal, as it is a long vowelled hamzat qaṭ˘ followed by one of
the madd letters, but the madd letter was not originally a sākin
hamzah. How to differentiate between them?
The madd letter is present in most of the word’s derivatives in
}‫نت‬‫ام ُ ي‬ ‫ام َّيناي–ي َيء َي‬
‫ي َيء َي‬-‫ام ُينواي‬
‫ { َيء َي‬the aṣlī madd ul-badal, while in the other, the
madd letter is not present in most of a word’sَ derivatives:
َ َ‫اءواي–يف‬ ُ َ‫ يب يئْ َيناي–يف‬-‫تي‬ َ ََ َ َ ََ َ
‫اءي–ييَ ِِف ُءي–يف ِئْ َنا}يييييييي‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ي‬ ْ‫اءواي–ييب يئ‬ُ
‫ي‬ َ ‫ي‬
‫ب‬ ‫ي‬– ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬
‫س‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ – ‫ي‬‫ي‬
‫ت‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬
‫س‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬ - ‫ي‬‫وا‬ ُ
‫ي‬
‫اء‬ ‫ي‬
‫س‬َ ‫}يأ‬
Madd ul-badal can be thābit (Pronounced hamzah muḥaqqaqqah)
َ َ ُ ُ َُ َ
}‫يإِيمانا‬-‫يأوتوا‬-‫ {ءامنوا‬or Changeable, the hamzah is not pronounced.
َ َ ِ ‫ييوقَ ْدييُ ْر َوىيل‬ َ ‫يق ُْص‬ ََ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ َ َ 40
ُ ‫يو ْر‬
‫شيم َط َّوليي‬ ‫يمغ َّّييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييف‬ ‫ايب ْع َديه ْمزيثابِتيأو‬ ‫ي وم‬
َ ُّ َ ْ ًَ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َّ َ َ
‫يمث ِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ان‬
ِ ‫ويوسطيهييقوميكٓامنيهؤليييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييييييءِيآل ِهةيآَتيل ِِْليم‬
‫ي‬Warsh reads both types of madd ul-badal waṣlan and waqfan,
with 3 lengths: (qaṣr, 2, tawassuṭ, 4, and ṭūl, ishbā˘, 6 ḥarakāt).
39
40
3 Forms of Madd ul-Badal Almughayyar/Changeable

The altered madd ul-badal is changed with naql, ibdāl or tas-hīl.
Tathlīth of madd ul-badal to (2, 4 and 6) is applicable for them.
(1) Madd ul-badal that changed by an-Naql: If madd ul-badal is
preceded by a sākin letter (identification article) lām ut-Ta˘rīf, al,
ۡ
{‫خ َيرة‬ ‫ٱ يل َي‬-‫خ َيرة‬
‫ـءا ِي‬ ‫{ َيءا ِي‬,Warsh transfers the ḥarakah of hamzat al-qaṭ˘ to
the previous sākin, then drops the hamzah. These nouns can be
read in either 2 or 4 ways: with or without hamzat waṣl َ (the lām
َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ ََ
acquired a ḥarakah) { ‫ان‬ ‫ل ِنس ي‬-‫ان‬
‫ٱلنس ي‬ ِ -‫ ِل ْس ِيم‬-‫ال ْس ِيم‬
ِ -ِ‫ َۡلك ية‬-‫أ َۡلك ية‬-‫ض‬ ‫يل ۡر ي‬-‫ض‬‫لر ي‬‫{أ ي‬
Nouns cotainning madd badal can be read in 4 ways: 3 madd (2,
4, 6) with hamzat al-waṣl and one without hamzah orَ madd.
ُ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ‫َُْ ى َُٓ ى َُٓ ى ُ ى‬ َ َ ََ َ َ ََ
}‫َلماني‬-‫ي‬ ِ ‫أَلِيييميان‬-‫أَلِييماني‬-‫ أيَلِيماني‬-ٍ‫لول‬-ٍ‫أليويل‬-ٍ‫أليويل‬-ٍ‫أيليويل‬-‫ليخرةي‬-‫أيليخرة‬-‫أيليخرة‬-‫يرةِي‬ ‫خي‬
ِ ‫يل‬
‫{أ ي‬
ُ َ ٓ ََ َ ِ ‫يييقُ ُليآ ْو‬-‫وِتييي‬
َ ‫يي َم ُنيآ‬-‫نيي‬ َ َ َ َ
}‫ل‬ٍ‫خ َيرةي َيوٱيلو ى‬
‫ل ِي‬
‫ يل ي‬-‫ۡحيي‬ ِ ‫يييي َم َنيآ َم َي‬-ٍٍٍِ‫ – ٱَلزِفة‬-‫ِنيآ ِليف ِرع َونيييي‬ ‫{م َي‬
Ibdāl Switching: (2) Madd ul-badal that changed with Ibdāl

If there are 2 adjacent hamzahs in 2 words, and the 2nd is
maftūḥah, then Warsh changes it into a madd letter that matches
the ḥarakah of the 1st hamzah with thrice madd ul-badal.
ً ً ً ٓ َ َٰٓ َ َ ‫هؤ َلٓء‬ َ ً ً ً ً َ َ َّ
}‫يَااايل ِ َيه ية‬-‫يَاايل ِ َيه ية‬-‫هؤلءِييَايل ِ َيه ية‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ِيءالهة‬ ‫ي َٰٓي‬/‫يَااايَ ية‬-‫ياايَ ية‬-‫نيالس َيماء يِييَايَ ية‬
‫َّي‬ ‫ ِيم‬-‫ِيء يايَ ية‬ ‫نيالس يماء‬
‫ي‬ ‫{ ِيم‬
Tas-hīl, softness, (3) Madd ul-badal that changed with Tas-hīl 41

a) Warsh reads 3 madd al-badal of 2nd hamzah with tas-hīl (i.e.,
between a hamzah and the madd letter that matches its ḥarakah)
ُ ‫ي َء۬اا َم‬-‫{ َيء۬اال َِه ُت َنا‬, the ibdāl of 2nd hamzah is forbidden here.
{‫نت ْيم‬
َ َ ْ َ ََٓ ُ َ ٓ ََ
b) Tas-hīl and ibdāl of 2nd hamzah }‫ون‬ ‫ع ي‬‫ا يلي يف ِ ير ي‬.‫جا يءي‬-‫ا يلييلوطي‬.‫ي{ يف يل َّماي َجا َيءي‬
ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ َٓ َ َ ُ َ ْ ُْ ُْ َ َٓ َ
}‫نيالُّذ ُير‬ ‫جا يءيآ يليف ِرعو ي‬-‫ون‬ ‫{جاءيآ يليلوطيالمرسل ي‬if the following letter carries a
َ ٓ
sukūn and it is a madd letter. There are 1 ways to read ‫ َجا َءي َيءا يل‬: 3
َ ٓ
as-hīl with madd badal: 2,4, 6 and 2 ibdāl‫ي‬with madd 2, 6 ‫{ َجا َيءيآ يل‬.
41
Sūrat Az-Zukhruf, Al-A˘rāf, Al-Ḥijr, Al-Qamar
There are 5 Exceptions of Madd ul-Badal

Warsh doesn’t elongate madd ul-badal at all, neither 4 nor 6
َ
ḥarakāt in some words. Which are 2 words: {‫ل‬ ‫}إ ِ ۡس َير َٰٓءِي ي‬, any form of
َٓۡ ُ َ
{‫ }ليتيواخِذناي‬and 3 Usūl in rewāyat warsh.
َ َ ْ ً ُ ْ َ َ ْ َُ َ ‫يساكنييييييييييييييي***ييييييييي‬ َ ‫ليأَ ْوي َب ْع َد‬ َ َ ْ َ 42
‫اسأ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ولي‬
‫يومسئ ي‬ ‫آن ي‬
ِ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫يح‬
‫ي‬ ‫ح‬
ِ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫ْساءي ِ ي‬ ِ ‫سِوىيياءِيإ‬
َ َ ً ْ َ ُ ُ َ
‫إيتي َوبَ ْعض ُه ْيميييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييُؤاخِذك ُيمي ي‬
‫آلني ُم ْستَف ِهمايت ي‬
‫لييي‬
ُ ْ ‫يه ْمزيال ْ َو‬ َ ََْ ََ
ِ ‫لي‬ ‫ص ِي‬ ِ ‫ي يومايبعد‬
َ ََ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ‫ون‬ َ ُْ َ ُ ْ َ ُْ ً َ َ
‫لي‬‫يوق َّو ي‬ ‫ُصيُجِيعِ ياْلَابيقال‬
ِ ِ ‫ق‬ ‫ب‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يييييييي‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫ي‬ ***‫يي‬ ‫ييييييييي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫ي‬‫يي‬ ‫ِر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫يط‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ ‫يغ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وَّل‬‫وَعدياْل‬
1-Any madd badal that is preceded by a sākin ṣaḥīḥ letter in the

same word is an exception of madd ul-badal: In 4 examples:
ُ ُ ۡ َ ٗ ُ ۡ َ ُ َ ۡ َّ ُۡ ٗ ُ ۡ َ
}‫ولون‬
‫ي يمسي ي‬-‫ي يم يذءو يماي‬-‫اني‬
‫ٱلظمي ي‬ ‫ل –ٱل يق ۡير َءا ِي‬
‫ي ي‬-‫ني‬ ‫سيو ي‬ ‫{ يم‬
ّ َ َُۡ
2-In connected recitation, all reciters read the following: ‫ـؤدِي‬ ‫ي{فلي ي‬
ُۡ َّ َّ ّ ۡ َ
‫ٱؤت ِم َي‬
}‫ن‬ ‫ٱَّليي ي‬
‫{ ِي‬, except Warsh. He reads with ibdāl: {‫ن‬ ‫َّلييٱ ۡي ُت ِم َي‬
‫ي{فل ُي َيودِيٱ ِي‬.
When starting with the verb, all read it the same way:{‫ـني‬ َ ‫ {أُ ۡويتُ ِم‬,
َ
This is an exception of madd al-badal for Warsh {‫ت‬ ‫ييإ ِي ِي‬,‫ ييإ ِي يذن‬,‫ي{إِيت ِ َناي‬.
Any madd badal that starts with hamzat ul-waṣl followed by a
switched sākin hamzat qaṭ˘ in the beginning of a verb, should not
ْ َ ُ ُ َ
be elongated when starting with the verb. {‫يإِييذيني‬-‫يتي‬ ِ ِ ‫يإ‬-‫ أ ۡويت ِم َني‬,‫ {يإِيتِناي‬.
َ ۡ َ َ ۡ
.{‫ت‬
‫ يإ ِي ِي‬:‫ت‬
‫نيٱي ِي‬
‫ييأ ِي‬:‫ت‬
‫ٱئ ِي‬
‫ن ي‬‫يإِيتِناي{{يأ ِي‬:‫ٱوت ِنَا‬
ْ ‫ح‬ ‫ييَ َي‬:‫اصا يل ِ ُحيٱئت ِ َناي‬
‫اصا يل ِ ُي‬ ‫{ي َ َ ي‬
There are 1 steps to begin a verb that starts with hamzat ul-waṣl
followed by a sākin hamzat qaṭ˘ , one for each hamzah.
(a) Convert hamzaht ul-waṣl to a hamzat qaṭ˘, which has to carry
َ ُ ُۡ
a ḍammah if the third letter has an original ḍammah‫أ‬:{‫ {أويت ِمـني‬,
َ
otherwise it will start with a kasrah{‫ت‬ ‫يإِي ِي‬,‫ ييإ ِي يذن‬,‫* ي{إِيت ِ َناي‬
(b) Convert sākin hamzat qaṭ˘ to a madd letter wāw in {‫ـني‬ َ ‫ {أُ ۡويتُ ِم‬or
َ
‫يإِيـ ِي‬,‫ ييإ ِيـ يذن‬,‫ي{إِيت ِ َنــاي‬that matches the new ḥarakah of the
yā in {‫ت‬
42
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 173, 174, 175
converted hamzat ul-waṣl. This verb will be switched to a word

that looks like it has a madd badal, as a hamzat qaṭ˘ followed by
a madd letter. In fact, it’s just an exception because the new
hamzah qaṭ˘ was originally hamzaht ul-waṣl and the madd letter
is a temporary one.
3- The badal that results waqfan, when stopping on a hamzat qaṭ˘
that has tanwīn fatḥ will be replaced by the alif of madd ul˘iwaḍ
ٓ َ ٗٓ َ
2 ḥarakah. It is a madd letter followed by a hamzah. }{‫ي‬-‫ـاءا‬ ‫يم ي‬:‫{ما يء‬
َ ً َ َٓ ً َ َٓ ُ ًَٓ ُ
}‫شيْ َيئا‬
‫ ي‬:‫يئا‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ين يِدياءا‬:‫اء‬
‫ش‬ ‫ن ِد ي‬-‫َعءا‬
‫يد ي‬:‫َع يء‬
‫ {د ي‬It is an exception of madd ul-badal.
(iii) Warsh reads madd ul-badal of 2 words in 2 ways: normally

‫(ي‬qaṣr, tawassuṭ and َ ṭūl)
َ and as exceptions: (without lengthening).
ُّ ً َ َ َ ۡ َّ ُۡ ً ُّ ً
4-}‫ل‬ٍ‫ـه ٓۥيأهلـكيَعدايٱلر ٍْو ى‬ 43
‫ { ََعدا ٱْلو َٰي‬Warsh reads {‫ل‬
ُ ‫ { َوأن‬.}‫َّل‬ ٍ‫ { ََعداٍٱلر ٍْو ى‬with
idghām of the tanwīn into the sākin lām, which will make the lam
mushaddad. Then, he transfers the ḍammah of the hamzah to
the sākin lam, omitting the hamzah and reading without it. So, it
ُّ ً
reads as: {‫ل‬ ٍ ‫ { ََعد‬Warsh reads it in both ways: tathlīth madd ul-
ٍ‫اٍٱل ٍْو ى‬
badal and shortening (no madd badal). He starts the 2nd word
ُ
ٍ‫ {ٱلر ٍْو ى‬hamzat ul-waṣl pronounced with fatḥah, followed by
(a) {‫ل‬
ُ
lām with ḍammah. (b) {‫ل‬ ٍ‫{ٍل ٍْو ى‬: since the lām acquired a ḍammah.
ۡ َ َ ۡ َ
‫ي‬5- {‫َٰٔـن‬‫ي َءآل َي‬-‫َٰٔـني َوق ۡيد‬
‫ }ء۬ال ي‬Warsh transfers the fatḥah of the 3rd hamzah
ۡ َ
‫آلَٰٔـ َي‬
}‫ن‬ ‫ { َء ي‬to the sākin lām, and omits it, pronouncing: }‫ن‬ ‫{ َيءا ي يل َٰيــ َي‬.
Warsh reads }‫ـني‬ َٰ َ‫يء۬ا يل‬-‫يي‬
َ ‫يـ‬ َ ‫ـن‬ َٰ َ‫ َءا ٓ يل‬-‫ييوقَ ۡديي‬
َ ‫يـ‬ َ ‫ـن‬ َٰ َ‫{ءا يل‬
َ ‫يـ‬ َ in 7 ways waṣlan: 1.
َ
Tas-hīl hamzat ul-waṣl with tathlīth madd ul-badal in {‫ن‬ ‫ } يل َٰيــ َي‬2.
Ibdāl hamzat ul-waṣl into a 6 ḥarakāt alif with 3 madd ul-badal
3. Ibdāl hamzat ul-waṣl into a 2 ḥarakāt alif with qaṣr madd ul-
badal. Warsh reads in 9 ways waqfan. 3 madd ˘āriḍ to sukūn in
1,2 and 3. (See explanation on pg. 11, Two Consecutive
Hamzahs in a Word)
43
Sūrah An-Najm: 50 , Sūrah Yūnus: 51, 91
Relation Between Madd Ul-badal and Dthawāt Ul-yā

There are 4 ways to read dthawāt ul-yā with madd ul-badal if
they come together in one āyah, depending on which one comes
ََٰ َ َ ۡ ٓ َّ ْ ٓ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ۡ َ َٰٓ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ ُ ۡ
first. }‫ب‬
‫ِيس يأ ي‬
‫( }ِإَوذيقلنايل ِلملئِكةِيٱسجدوايٓأِلدميفسج يدوايإِليإِبل ي‬i) If madd ul-
badal comes first, then we go in order: 2, 4 then 6.
َ ََ
1- Qaṣr of madd badal {‫{ٓأِلد َيم‬, in 2, with fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā, {‫ب‬ ‫} يأ َٰي‬
َ َ َ
2- Tawassuṭ madd badal {‫ {ٓأِلد يم‬4, with taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā ٍ}‫ب‬ ‫ى‬
ٍ ‫{أ‬
َ َ ََ
3- Ṭūl madd badal {‫ {ٓأِلد ٍَم‬6, with fatḥ and taqlīl dthāt yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫أ ى‬-‫ب‬
ٍ‫}أ ى‬
(ii) Dthāt yā comes 1st, then it is read in fatḥ 1st with qaṣr and ṭūl
ُ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ ّ َّ َ َ َٰٓ َّ َ َ َ
‫يٱلرح ُي‬
of madd badal ‫}ي‬٣٧‫ِيم‬ َّ ‫اب‬ ‫يءاد ُميمِنيربِهِۦيك ِمتييفت ي‬
‫ابيعل ۡيهِيإِن ُهۥيه َو َّي‬
ُ ‫يٱِل َّو‬ ‫{فت يلِق‬
ََ َ
Then the taqlīl of dthawāt ul-yā ‫ق‬ ٍ‫رتل ى‬ ‫ ف‬goes with 4 and 6 counts
َ
madd ul-badal. {‫ { َءاد ُيم‬. As in sūrat Al-Baqarah: 37
Words Containing Dthāt yā and Madd Badal in the same word:

َ َ َ َ َ ُّ {
}‫ى‬ ٍ‫رٍٍأٍ ى‬- ‫يت ِر ى َءا‬-‫ َونِا‬-‫} رٍءٍايك ۡوك ٗيبا‬-‫ىييأن}ي‬ ِ‫ٱلسوِأِ ى‬
َ ‫يى‬ ََ
Warsh reads this verb } ‫ر َيءيا‬- ‫{ريأ َٰي‬ with the taqlīl of the 3 letters: rā,
َ َ
hamzah and alif, if it precedes a vowelled letter: { ُ‫يرٍءٍا ٍه‬-‫{ٍرٍءٍايك ۡوك ٗيبا‬
َ
‫ىييأن}ي{ َءآ ّم َي‬
alif falls ‫ِـْي}ي‬ ُّ { ‫ي‬Note: Is this madd badal or what?
ِ‫ٱلسووِأِ ى‬
between 2 hamzahs, where 2 types of madd, (i.e., when 2 reasons
of madd come together on the same madd letter, which type of
madd should be applied?). The same question arises in an
opposite case. When a hamzah comes between 2 letters of madd
ٓ ََ
, This also, when both cases are included in the same }‫ـا ُيءون‬ ‫{يش ي‬
َ َ ُّ ُ َ ٓ ْ ُ
. The strongest madd is }‫ىييأن‬ ‫ َو َجـا ُيء ٓيوايأبَـاه ۡيم }{ٱلس ٓي‬- ‫ {بُ َر َءآؤيا‬example:
‫ـويأ َٰٓي‬
applied. Apply munfaṣil, muttaṣil madd or lāzim that is stronger
than the badal, Waṣlan. Apply madd ul badal َ or a ˘āriḍ lis-Sukūn. َ ُّ
}‫اب‬ َ َ ‫ي ۡيٱل‬-‫ رٍءٍآيأيۡد َِي ُهم‬, ‫اي َو َجا ٓ ُيء ٓيو‬,‫ى‬
‫مي ِي‬ ‫ٱلس ٓيويأ َٰٓي‬{
ْ َ َُ َ َّ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫يأق َوىيالمدودِيلزِميفمايات َصلي*يف َعارِضيفذويانفِصاليفبَ َدلي‬:‫الس َّيم ُّينودِيي‬
‫الي َي‬
‫يق ي‬
ُ ُ
‫واللْييأضعفيالمدوديقديأَت‬ ‫َي‬
‫ييايفَّتيييييييي*ي‬ َ ‫يالطبيع‬
‫يول ِْي‬ ُّ ‫يييييييييييييييييييث َّم‬
The madd in the order of strongest** to weakest is as follows:
1. Madd lāzim (strongest), 2. Muttaṣil. 3. Madd ˘āriḍ lis-Sukūn.
4. Munfaṣil . 5. Badal. 6. Natural madd. 7. Madd līn (weakest)
Relation Between Madd Ul-badal and ˘Āariḍ to the Sukūn
If the madd letter of madd ul-badal comes before the last letter,
َ َ ُ َُ َ ُ َۡ ۡ ُ َ ٓ َ
‫س يئ ِ َي‬
}‫ْي‬ ‫خا ِي‬
‫ ي‬-‫ون‬
‫اء ي‬
‫ ي ير ي‬-‫ون‬
‫س يت يه ِيز يؤ ي‬ ‫{يَشا ُيءو ي‬
‫ي يم ي‬-‫ َيم َيئابي‬-‫ني‬
then we stop on the word as a madd ˘āriḍ to the sukūn, which is

stronger than madd ul-badal. It is called badal ˘āriḍ to the sukūn.
(i) Warsh reads it in a descending order, 6, 4 then 2 (to
differentiate between it and madd ul-badal) when he reads madd
ul-badal in qaṣr. He reads it in 6, 4 when he reads madd ul-badal
in tawassuṭ and reads in ṭūl when he reads madd ul-badal in ṭūl.
(ii) This āyah contains both badal and badal ˘āriḍ to the sukūn.
ۡ َ َّ ُ َّ ْ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ‫وا ْي َّٱَّل‬
‫ِيني َءا َم ُنوايقال ٓواي َءا َم َّنايِإَوذايخل يوِاييا ِ ََٰليش َيَٰ ِطين ِ ِه ۡميقال ٓوايإِناي َم َعكم ف ٓيۥيإِن َمايَن ُني‬
َُ َ
‫}ِإَوذايلق ي‬44
َ
}‫ن‬ ‫ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬
َ
1- Qaṣr badal {‫ َءا َم ُنوا‬-‫{ َءا َم َّناي‬, madd badal ˘āriḍ {‫ن‬ َ ‫ { ُم ۡس‬6, 4, 2
‫ـت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬
َ
2- Tawassuṭ badal {‫ َءا َم ُنوا‬-‫{ َءا َم َّنا‬, madd badal ˘āriḍ {‫ن‬ ‫ { ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬6 , 4
َ
3- Ishbā˘ madd badal {‫ َءا َم ُنوا‬-‫ { َءا َم َّنا‬, madd badal ˘āriḍ {‫ن‬ ‫ي{ ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬6
(iii) If dthāt yā is exposed to madd ˘āriḍ, then 6 ways to read this:

Fatḥ dthāt ul-yā with 2, 4 and 6 ḥarakāt al ˘āriḍ to the sukūn, then
read dthāt ul-yā in taqlīl and the ˘āriḍ in 2, 4 and 6 ḥarakāt.
44
Sūrat al-Baqarah: 14
Relation of Madd Ul-badal with Al-līn El-Mahmūz

2-(ii) Madd ul-līn al-mahmūz: {‫س‬ َ ۡ ْ ‫ييَا‬-‫الس ْوءِي‬
‫يي ِ ي‬ ‫ي َّي‬-‫شي ْ ًيئا‬
َ َ ْ َ
‫ي ي‬-‫ك َيهيْ َيئةِي‬
‫ي ي‬-‫شءي‬
‫{ ي‬, is a
līn sākin wāw or yā preceded by a fatḥah, followed by a hamzah.
Warsh reads madd ul-līn al-mahmūz with 2 allowed lengths:
tawassuṭ: 4 and ṭūl 6 ḥarakāt, in both waṣlan and waqfan. If madd
ul-badal and al-līn el-mahmūz come together, there are 4 possible
ways of reading them, depending on which one comes first.
َ َ َ َّ ْ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َ َ ّ ُ ۡ َ ٓ ُ ُ َٰ َ ۡ َ ّ ۡ َ ۡ ُ َ َ
‫تيا ۡز َيو َٰ ُج ُهمي‬
‫ِينيذه َيب َ ي‬ ‫ارِيفعاقبتميفياتوايٱَّل‬ٍ ‫جك يم يۥيإَِليٱلك ٍف‬ِ ‫نياز يو‬ ‫{ِإَونيفاتكميشءيي ِيم ي‬45‫ي‬
ٓ َ َ ُ ۡ َّ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ٓ َ ۡ َ ْ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ٓ َ َ ۡ ّ
‫يولي‬ ‫يمايعبَ ۡدنايمِنيدونِهِۦيمِنيشءييَنن‬ ‫يوقاليٱَّلِينيأُشكوايلويشاءيٱّلِل‬/‫مِثليمايأنفق فواي‬
ْ ً َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ َّ َ ُ َّ ُ ُ ً ْ َ َ َّ
َ ُّ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َّ َ ُ ٓ َ َ
‫خ َيرية ِ}يي‬
‫ال ِي‬
‫اييفي ي‬ِ ‫ءابياؤناي(إِنهميلنييُضواياّلِليشيئايي ِريدياّلِليأليَيعليلهميحظ‬
(i) If al-līn el-mahmūz comes first, then its tawassuṭ comes first
with tathlīth badal (qaṣr, tawassuṭ, and ṭūl). The ṭūl of al-līn el-
mahmūz comes only with the ṭūl madd ul-badal.
ُ ُ َ َ ً َ ۡ َ ّ ُ َٰ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ ٓ ُ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َٰ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َٰ َ َ َّ َ
‫فياتوه ۡيم‬ ‫يُكيشءييش ِهيدا}ي‬ ِ ‫يٱّلِليَكنيَع‬‫منكميفياتوه يميين ِصيبه يم يۥ إِن ي‬ ‫تيياي ي‬ ‫يعق يد ي‬ ‫{وٱَّلِين ي‬
(ii) If madd ul-badal comes first, then it is read in order: 2, 4, 6.
With 2 and 4 counts madd badal, līn mahmūz will be 4 counts.
With 6 counts madd badal, līn al-mahmūz can be 4 and 6 counts.
1- Qaṣr madd badal }‫وه ۡيم‬
ُ ُ ََ
‫فيات ي‬ {‫ي‬with madd līn mahmūz 4 {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ {.
َ
2-Tawassuṭ badal ‫ َءا َم ُنو‬-‫ َءا َم َّناي‬, madd badal ˘āriḍ ‫ن‬ ‫ ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬in 6 then 4
َ
3- Ishbā˘ madd ul-badal ‫ َءا َم َّناي– َءا َم ُنوا‬, madd badal ˘āriḍ ‫ن‬ ‫ ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِيز ُءو ي‬6
(iii) If madd ul-badal comes between 2 words of al-līn al-

mahmūz, with waqf on the second līn, it will be read in 5 ways.
َ ‫ايو َل‬
َ َ‫يو َلٓي َءابَيا ٓ ُؤن‬ ۡ َّ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ٓ َ ۡ َ ْ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ َ َ
‫يح َّر ۡم َناي‬ َ ‫َن ُن‬ ‫يمايعبَ ۡدنايمِنيدونِهِۦيمِنيشءيي‬ ‫{وقاليٱَّلِينيأُشكوايلويشاءيٱّلِل‬
ۡ َ ‫ِنيدونِهِۦيمِني‬
}‫شءي‬
ُ
‫م‬
45
Sūrat an-Naḥl: 35, al-Maidah: 33
Application
َ
ۡ { 1with qaṣr ul-badal and tawassuṭ of 2 {‫شءيي‬ ۡ َ { ‫ييي‬
1-Tawassuṭ {‫شءي‬
2-Tawassuṭ {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ {1with tawassuṭ badal and al-mahmūz 2{‫شءيي‬ ۡ َ {
3-Tawassuṭ {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ { with ṭūl ul-badal and tawassuṭ līn 2 {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ {
4-The 4 length of 1st līn mahmūz {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ { comes with ṭūl ul-badal
and ishbā˘of 1nd līn mahmūz {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ { because of the ˘āriḍ to the
sukūn is stronger ** than the badal. Then the ˘āriḍ comes in the
same length and longer than the weaker, which is badal. In
general, the stronger madd has to be equal and longer than the
weaker. 5- Ishbā˘ 1st {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ {, ul-badal and līn mahmūz 2 {‫شءي‬ ۡ َ {
Relation of Dthawāt ul-yā and Madd ul-līn El-mahmūz
If they come together in one āyah, there are 4 possible ways of
reading them. These 4 differ according to which one comes first:
(i) Al-līn el-mahmūz comes first, then read:
َّ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ٗ ۡ َ ُ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ َ ٓ َ َ َٰٓ َّ َ ً ٓ َ ُ َ ۡ َّ ُ ُ ۡ َ
46
‫ِندهُۥيف َوفى َٰ ُهييح َِسابَ ُهۥي}ي‬
‫ييايووجديٱّلِليع‬
‫يَيدهيش ي‬
ِ ‫ميانيماءيحَّتيإِذايجاءهۥيلم‬ ‫{ُيسِبهيٱلظ ي‬
ٗۡ َ َّ َ
1- Tawassuṭ of līn mahmūz {‫ي{شييا‬with fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā‫ُُ ي{ف َوفى َٰ ُيه}ي‬
ّ َ
2- Tawassuṭ of līn el-mahmūz with taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā }‫ره‬ ٍُ ‫{ف َو ٍفى ى‬
َّ َ
3- Ṭūl of al-līn el-mahmūz with the fatḥ of dthawāt ul-yā‫ي{ف َوفى َٰ ُيه}يي‬
ّ َ
4- Ṭūl of al-līn el-mahmūz with the taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā {‫ٍ{ ٍف َو ٍفى ى ٍُه‬
(ii) If dthāt ul-yā comes first, then it is read as:
َ ۡ َ ّ ُ َٰ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َٰ َ ۡ َ ۡ ۡ ُ ُ َّ َ َ ُّ َ ۡ َ ُ َ َّ َّ َ َ َ
٦}‫شءييقــدِيريي‬ ‫يُكي‬
ِ ‫ِتيوأنــهۥيَع‬ ‫ــو ي‬
‫ــحيٱلم ي‬ ِ ‫{ذَٰل ِــكيبِــأنيٱّلِليهــويٱۡلــقيوأنــهۥيي‬
َ ۡ ۡ َ {
1-Fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā {‫ِت‬ ‫ {ٱل َم ۡيو َٰي‬with tawassuṭ of līn mahmūz {‫شءيي‬
َ ۡ َۡ ۡ َ {
2- Fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā {‫ِت‬ ‫ـو َٰي‬ ‫ {ٱلم ي‬with the ṭūl of līn mahmūz {‫شءي‬
3- Taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā {‫ت‬ ۡ ‫ {ٱل ۡ َم‬, tawassuṭ of līn mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ٍ‫رو ى‬ ۡ َ {
ۡ ۡ َ {
4- Taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā {‫ت‬ ٍ‫ {ٱل َم ۡو ى‬with ṭūl of al-līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
46
Sūrat an-Nūr: 39, Sūrat Al-Ḥajj: 6
Madd Ul-badal, Al-līn El-mahmūz and Dthawāt Ul-yā

8- If they come together in one āyah, there are 6 possible ways of
reciting the āyah. These 6 ways differ according to which one
ً ۡ ‫ارايفَ َل ييتَا ُخ ُذواْيم ِۡن ُهي َش‬
comes first: 47‫يييا ف}ي‬ ‫ِنط ٗي‬
َ ‫ن يق‬ ‫ح َديى َٰ ُه َّي‬
َ
‫ { َيو َءات ۡي ُت ُيم ٓيۥيإ ِ ۡي‬٢٠
(a) Madd ul-badal is the 1st, then it will be read in order: 2, 4, 6.
َ ٗۡ َ
1- Qaṣr badal }‫{ َيو َءات ۡي ُت ۡيم‬, fatḥ dthat yā, ‫ن‬ ‫ح َديى َٰ ُه َّي‬ ‫إ ِ ۡي‬, 4 līn mahmūz {‫{شييايف‬
َ ٗۡ َ
2- Tawassuṭ badal }‫{ َيو َءات ۡي ُت ۡيم‬, taqlīl of ‫ن‬ ٍَّ ‫إ ِ ۡحدٍى ى ٍُه‬, 4 līn mahmūz {‫{شـييا‬
ُ ‫{ َيو َءاتَ ۡي‬, fatḥ of ‫ن‬ ٗۡ َ
3- Ṭūl ul-badal }‫ـت ۡيم‬ ‫إ ِ ۡحـ َديى َٰ ُه َّي‬, 4 līn al-mahmūz {‫{شـييا‬
ُ ‫{ َيو َءاتَ ۡي‬, taqlīl of ‫ن‬ ٗۡ َ
4- Ṭūl ul-badal }‫ـت ۡيم‬ ٍَّ ‫إ ِ ۡحردٍى ى ٍُه‬, 4 al-mahmūz {‫{شـييا‬
ُ ‫{ َيو َءاتَ ۡي‬, fatḥ of ‫ن‬ ٗۡ َ
5- Ṭūl ul-badal }‫ـت ۡيم‬ ‫إ ِ ۡحـ َديى َٰ ُه َّي‬, 6 līn al-mahmūz {‫{شـييا‬
َ ٗۡ َ
6- Ṭūl ul-badal }‫{ َيو َءات ۡي ُت ۡيم‬, taqlīl of ‫ني‬ ٍَّ ‫إ ِ ۡحدٍى ى ٍُه‬, 6 līn al-mahmūz {‫{شييا‬
َّ َ ٗ ۡ ُّ َ َ ۡ ُۡ َ
(b) Dthāt yā comes first as ‫خ َيرة ِيإِنـاي‬ ‫ِيٱدل ين َياي َح َس َن يةي َو ِيفيٱ ي‬
‫ل ِي‬ ‫بيلَ ِ ي‬
‫اييفيهَٰ ِذه‬ ‫{وٱكت‬
َ َ ۡ َ َّ ُ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ ُ ٓ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َۡ َٓ ۡ ُ
ۡ
‫شءييف َسأك ُت ُب َها}ي‬ ‫يورَح َِّتيوسِعتيُكي‬
‫نيياشاء ي‬
‫يبيبِهِۦيم ي‬ ُ ‫ص‬ ٓ ‫يع َذ‬
ِ ‫ابيأ‬ ‫يقال‬‫هدنايإَِلك ف ي‬
ِ
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
1- Fatḥ }‫ٱدلن َيـا‬ {, qaṣr ul-badal }ِ ‫لخِـ َيرية‬ ‫{ٱ ي‬, 4 al-līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
2- Taqlīl {‫ٱدلنيا‬ {, 4 madd ul-badal }ِ ‫خ َيرية‬ ‫ل ِي‬‫{ٱ ي‬, 4 līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
3- Fatḥ of }‫ٱدلن َيـا‬ {, 6 madd badal }ِ ‫لخِـ َيرية‬ ‫{ٱ ي‬, 4 līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
4- Taqlīl of {‫ٱدلنيا‬ {, 6 madd badal }ِ ‫خ َيرية‬ ‫ل ِي‬ ‫ي{ٱ ي‬, 4 līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
5- Fatḥ of }‫ٱدلن َيـا‬ {, 6 madd badal }ِ ‫لخِـ َيرية‬ ‫{ٱ ي‬, 6 līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ۡ ُّ َ ۡ َ {
6- Taqlīl of {‫ٱدلنيا‬ {, 6 madd badal }ِ ‫خ َيرية‬ ‫ل ِي‬ ‫{ٱ ي‬, 6 līn al-mahmūz {‫شءي‬
ُ َ‫ِياّلِليأ‬
‫نيي َط ّ ِهـ َيري‬
ُّ
‫ـرد‬ُ ْ َ َ َّ َ ‫يٱّلِلِي َشيْئيا ًيا ُ ْيو َ َٰٓي‬
َّ
‫يُلۥيم َِن ي‬ ُ َ ‫نيت ۡمل َِك‬
َ َ َ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ
‫{ َو َمنييُ ِردِيٱّلِليف ِتنتهۥيفل‬
ِ ‫لئِكياَّلِينيلـميي‬
َ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُّ ْ َُ ْ ُ َ ُ ُ
{‫خ َيرية ِيعذابيع ِظيمي‬ ‫ل ِي‬
‫ييفيٱ ي‬ِ ‫ييفيادلنيايخِزييولهم‬ ِ ‫قلوبهميلهم‬
Try to practice by yourself.
47
Sūrat an-Nisā’: 20, al-A˘arāf: 156, al-Māidah: 41
‫‪14. Alfarsh (Different Pronunciation) of Warsh 48‬‬

‫‪Alfarsh: words spreading all over the Muṣḥaf, mentioned‬‬
‫َ ‪once or multiple times, that do not follow a certain rule.‬‬
‫َ ُ ْ َ ُّ ُ َ ْ َ ً َ ْ َ َ َّ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ليييي‬‫يرت ي‬ ‫كنييييييييييييي ***يي يييوقليضمهيعنيزا يهِديكيف‬ ‫يسا ِ‬ ‫اء َ‬ ‫َتيخ ُط َواتي َّ‬
‫الط ُ‬ ‫‪َ 49‬و َحيْثيأ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َََْ َ ُُ‬ ‫َ َّ ُ ً َ‬ ‫يك َِمات ُّ ْ‬‫َ َ‬
‫ليي‬ ‫ىهيف ً ي‬
‫َّتيييي ي ييييي ي***ييييييييييييييييوكيفيأَتيأذنييبِهِيناف ِعييت ي‬ ‫تيع يمين‬
‫يالسح ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و ِيف‬
‫َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َّ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ضفيح ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫نازِييبِياءيوافتحِ يالزاييوالكفوريرفعييييييييييي***ييييسمايكميصابيأكليييأ ِ‬
‫‪Warsh reads 3 words with sukūn, while Ḥafṣ reads with ḍammah.‬‬
‫َ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ََُ ُ َ ُ َ ُ ْ ُُ ْ ُ َ ۡ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫{خ ْ‬
‫يط َ‬
‫يني‪-‬أيذين يوَٰعِيةي‪-‬ويقولون يهو يأيذينف يقل ياذين يخّيييلكمي‪-‬أيكيل‪-‬أيكيلهاي‬ ‫اتي‪-‬وٱليذينييبِلليذ ِ‬
‫يو ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ َ َ َّ َّ ُ َ َ َٰ ُ َ ّ ۡ ٗ َ َّ َٰ َ ۡ ُ ۡ ٗ ُ ّٗ ُ ّٗ ُ ّٗ َ َ ۡ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫يح َيتكم }‬ ‫ا‪-‬صل ِييا‪-‬فييس‬
‫يا‪-‬عتِي ي‬
‫ا‪-‬جثِي ي‬
‫ي‪ُ-‬ملِيص ي‬ ‫َني‪-‬نِيسييا‪-‬تيسيقيط ي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‪-‬ي‬‫ون‬ ‫ر‬ ‫يك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ي‪-‬ت‬
‫نك‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‪-‬ولُي‬ ‫يُك‬ ‫‪-‬ٱل‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ْ ُ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫يم ْس َت َ‬
‫يالسِْي ُ‬ ‫س ّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ب يك ْ ُ‬ ‫َو َي ْ‬
‫س ُبهم}يييييييييييي‬ ‫س ُبون‪ -‬ي‬
‫ُي ِي‬ ‫ُي ِي‬
‫ب‪ -‬ي ي‬
‫س ي‬ ‫قبل ي َس َما ي ي ي ي ي ي ي*** ي ي ي ي ي ي{ ي‬
‫َت ِي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ح َس ُ‬
‫‪Warsh reads the sīn of it’s present tense with a kasrah while‬‬
‫‪Ḥafṣ reads with a fatḥah. Warsh reads these 3 words with a‬‬
‫‪َ َ َ ُ ّ َ َ ّ َ َ َ 50‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ون‪ -‬ل يت َيع َّد ُوا} ‪fatḥah on:‬‬ ‫صم ي‬ ‫ي ِي‬
‫يي يهدِي‪ -‬ي‬
‫ع ‪} , While Ḥafṣ reads‬ل ي‬ ‫{ليت ْع ُيدواي{ ي‬
‫َ َّ َ ۡ‬
‫يخ ‪with sukūn and the‬‬ ‫ف} ‪Warsh reads‬ي ‪ both with kasrah.‬يهـِ ِي‬ ‫‪{.‬يت يلق ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َ ُ ٌّ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫يوفَ ْرداًييفيالَّبء َ‬
‫َو َُجْعا ً َ‬
‫ليي‬ ‫ّييناف ِعياب ْ َد ي‬ ‫الُّ ُبوءة ِيالهمزيُكيغ‬‫ِيويفيييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييي ي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ ّ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َُ ْ ً َُ ْ ً‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َّ ُ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫لي‬‫ص ي‬ ‫ك ِنيف ِ‬ ‫َويفيالصابِئِْييالهمزيوالصابِئونيخذييييييييييييييييي***يييييوهزؤايوكفؤاييفيالسوا ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ َ ُّ ُ ُ ً َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ ُّ َ َ َ‬
‫ـلي‬
‫ييفينــديح ي‬ ‫ومايكسه ِ‬ ‫يِلالـِثييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييضميلز ي‬ ‫وضمكيأوَّليالساكِنْي ِ‬
‫‪If 1 sākin letters meet between 1 words, then waṣlan, the 1st‬‬
‫‪sākin is either given a ḥarakah or it is dropped if it is a madd‬‬
‫َ َ ُّ َ ُ َ‬
‫يالسـاك َِنْي ‪letter. Warsh reads the 1st sākin with ḍammah‬‬
‫وَّل َّ‬ ‫‪,‬يوضمك ييأ‬
‫‪on the condition that the 1nd sākin is an imperative verb which‬‬
‫‪starts with hamzat ul-waṣl and its third letter (counting starts‬‬
‫‪from hamzah), carries a permanent ḍammah, aṣli (lāzimah,‬‬
‫‪otherwise, he reads like Ḥafṣ, with a kasrah.‬‬
‫‪48‬‬
‫‪Al-Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 494, 617, 979, 538, 458, 460, 495‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Sūrat an-Nisā’: 153, Yūnus: 35, Yāsīn: 48‬‬
َ ْ َ ْ ‫يم ْعيقَد‬ ْ َ ْ ُْ
َ ‫ياعبُ ُدوايي ي*ي َو ََمْ ُظوراًيانْ ُظ ْر‬ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ 51
‫ِياس ُت ْه ِزئياع َت ي‬
‫ـلي‬ ‫تياخرج ييأ ِن‬ ِ ‫يق ِليادعوايأوِانقصيقال‬
َ َ ُ ُ ً ُ ْ َ َ َّ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ َ َٰ َ ۡ َّ ُ ْ ُ َ َ َّ ُ ْ ُ ُ
}‫ئ‬‫اس ُيت ْيه ِيز ي‬
‫ يق ُيدي ْي‬-‫نظ ْير‬
‫َمظوريايا ي‬-‫اّلِل‬ ‫نياع ُب ُدواي ي‬ ‫أ ي‬-‫ج‬
‫تياخر ي‬ ‫ق يال ي‬-‫ن‬ ‫عوايٱلرحم ي‬ ‫اد ي‬
‫ّلِلييأ يوي ي‬
‫عوايا ي‬
‫اد ي‬
‫لي ي‬
‫{ يق ي‬
َ ْ َ َ ‫يَك َن‬ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫يراوِيهِي يأنبَ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يييي***ييييييييييو ِسءيوسِيئت‬ ‫اير َساييييييي‬
َ ‫يك َم‬ ‫وحِيليبِذِشماميوسِيق‬
Nāfi˘ (Qālūn and Warsh) reads 2 words with ishmām, 1- ٓ‫سء‬ ٓ‫ ّ ِ ي‬, 2-ٓ
‫ي‬
ٓ ِِّ‫ ّس‬. ishmām: is pronouncing the 1st letter with a combination
‫يتٓي‬
of 2 ḥarakāt: (collect/round the lips as in pronouncing ḍammah at
the same time of pronouncing the kasrah ḥarakah of the letter ‫)س‬
The sound that is produced is about 25% ḍammah at the
beginning and 75% kasrah without elongating ḍammah to wāw.
15. Iṫĥhār (Clarity) and Idghām (Assimilation)

The Small Idghām: Al-Idghām Aṣ-ṣaghīr occurs when merging
the mudghām (a sākin letter) into the following mutaḥarrik letter,
so they become one mushaddadd letter.
َ َْ َ َ َ
‫َعُشيدغف ي‬
‫ل‬
ْ
ِ‫ياإلف َرا يد‬‫يف‬ َ ‫اياَتَ ْذ ُت ْيمييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييأ َ َخ ْذ ُت ْم‬
‫يو‬
َ َ َ ْ ْ
‫َوطس عِن َديال ِميميفاز‬
ِ ِ
1. Warsh reads with idhgām of dthāl into tā in the following:
ُ َ َ َ َّ ُّ َ َ َّ ُ ُ ُّ َ َ َ ْ ْ ُ َٰ َ َٰ َ َ ْ ُّ َ َ َ َّ َ َّ َ ُّ َ َّ
}‫ك يف يروا‬
‫يني ي‬
‫اَّل ي‬
‫تي ِي‬
‫خذ ي‬
‫ يث يمييأ ي‬-‫خذ يت يهم‬
‫ يف يأ ي‬-‫صي‬
‫ك يمييإ ِ ِي‬
‫َعي يذيل ِ ي‬
‫خذ يت يمي ي‬
‫ يويأ ي‬-‫ت‬
‫نياَتذ ي‬
‫يل يئ ِ ِي‬-‫{اَتذتم‬
2. Warsh reads with idghām of dāl into Ḍād and ṫĥā:
َ َّ َ َ َ ْ َ َّ َ َ َ ُّ َّ َ َّ َّ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َّ َ َ َْ
}‫ظ يل َيم‬
‫ يف يقدي ي‬،‫ْض يب ينا‬
‫ي يو يل يقدي ي‬-‫ضلوا‬
‫ يقدي ي‬- ‫ل‬
‫ضي‬ ‫ام َت ي‬
‫لييي***يي {ف يقدي ي‬ ‫َوأدغ َمي َو ْرشييْضيظمٓانيو‬
3. Warsh reads with idghām of tā-ut-Ta-nīth into ṫĥā:
ُ ُ ُ ُّ َ َ َ ً َ َّ َ َ ُ ُ ُّ َ ُ
}‫ور يه َيما‬‫ظه‬‫َح يلتي ي‬
‫ ي‬- ‫ظال ِم ية‬
‫َكنتي ي‬-‫ورها‬‫ظه‬‫}ح ِر يمتي ي‬
Note: I. The 4 obligatory sakatāt of Ḥafṣ, are specific to him. The
reciters do not make sakt, rather they join recitation and merge.
َ ً ْ َّ َ ََ َ َ َْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ 52
‫ييفيع َِوجايبَ ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ‫ين‬
ِ ِ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ياِل‬‫ِف‬
ِ ‫ل‬ ‫يأ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫يييييي‬‫ي‬ ***‫يييي‬ ‫ييييييي‬ ‫ييييييييي‬ ‫ة‬
‫ي‬ ‫يف‬‫ط‬ِ ‫يل‬ ‫ع‬‫ط‬ ‫يق‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ص‬
‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وسكتةيح‬
51
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 496, 448, 283/ Sūrat Hūd: 77, al-Mulk: 27, al-An˘am, al-Anbyā’
َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ََْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ
‫وصلي‬ ‫لييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييرانيواْلاقونيليسكتيم‬ ‫يول ِيميبَ ي‬ ‫و ِيفينونيمنيراقيومرقدِنا‬
َ ‫ُيي َهَٰ َذ‬ َ َ َّ َ ْ ّ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ
}‫ن‬ َّ ‫ايو َع َد‬
‫يٱلر ۡح َم َٰ ُي‬ َ ‫ايم‬ ۡۜ ‫ِنيم ۡرقدِنا‬ ‫ايَلُنذ َِر ييبَيأ ًسا}{ َم ۢن َيب َعث َنايم‬
ِ ‫جۜۡيا ق ّي ِ ٗم‬
‫{ولميَيعليُلۥيعِو ي‬53
َ َّ ‫ { َيم‬/‫ن َراقي}ي‬ َ َ ۡۜۡ َ َّ َ
}‫ان‬‫ يبَل َّر ي‬, ‫نيراقي‬ ‫يم ۡۜۡي‬‫ان}ي { َوقِيل َي‬ ‫لي َر ي‬
‫{لِكيب ي‬
1. Warsh merges the sākin ‫ ن‬at the end of the word ‫ْي‬ ‫ يس ْي‬into the
following wāw ‫ و‬of: {‫يٱۡلكِي ِمي‬ َ ۡ ‫ان‬ َُۡۡ َ
ِ ‫يويٱلقرء‬١‫{ييسيي‬.
ٓ
َ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُْ َ ‫َّتيح ُق ُهيبَ َدايييييي يييييييييييي***يييييي َو‬ َ َ‫عنيف‬ ْ ‫َويسي(أ ْظه ْير)ي‬
‫لي‬
‫هميخ ي‬ ‫ِياْللفيعنيور ِي‬
‫ش‬ ‫نيوفيه ي‬ ِ
َ ُ َۡ ََ َ َۡ َ ٓ
3. Warsh reads‫ي‬١‫ـط ُروني‬ ‫ينيويٱلقلـ ِميومـاييس‬in ‫ف‬ 2 allowed ways waṣlan,
ٓ
joining the separated letter ‫ن‬ ‫ في‬with the following word. Iṫĥhār and
ٓ
idghām of the sākin ‫ ن‬at the end of the letter‫ني‬ ‫ ف‬into the wāw .
َ َ ْ ََۡ ْ ‫ييٱر َك‬ َُّ َ
4. Warsh makes iṫĥhār in both ‫ييذ َٰل ِكي}ي‬ ‫ {يلهيث ي‬and ‫يع َناي}ي‬ َ ‫يم‬
َ ‫يب‬ ۡ ‫يَن‬
ِ ‫{يَٰب‬
َ ُ َ َُ ْ َْ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫بيهدىيبَريقَريبيِبُلْفِه‬ ُ َ ْ َ
‫يج َّه ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ‫ار‬ ‫يد‬ ‫يُل‬ ‫ث‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫يي‬ ‫يجا‬ ‫ع‬‫ايضا‬‫م‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ييي‬‫يي‬ *** ‫ي‬ ‫ييي‬‫ي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ي‬
‫م‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫و ِيفيارك‬
16. Tafkhīm And Tarqīq of The Letter Rā

Dthāt ar-Rā is noun or verb that either end with (a) feminine alif
of taqlīl (alif maqṣura that is written on a yā), preceded َ by rā.
َ َ ۡ ُ ۡ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ ۡ ۡ ُ ۡ ۡ ُ َ
ٍ‫ َيتوىرٍ ى‬-‫ى‬
}‫ى‬ ٍ‫س ى‬ ٍ‫كرٍ ى‬
ٍ ‫ل ِلي‬-‫ى‬ ٍ‫س‬ٍُ -‫ى‬
ٍ‫ش ى‬
ٍ ‫ب‬-‫ى‬ٍ‫ب ى‬
ٍ ‫ك‬ ٍ‫ َوذِك ٍ ى‬-‫ى‬
ٍ ‫ٱل‬-‫ى‬ ٍ‫ٱلق ٍ ى‬-‫ى‬
ٍ‫أخ ٍ ى‬-‫ى‬ ٍ‫يُ ٍ ى‬-‫ى‬
ٍ‫ َوأرٍ ى‬-‫ى‬ ٍ‫{ت ٍ ى‬
(b) rā majrūr with kasrah, preceded by an alif of taqlīl at the end.

َ َّ َۡ ۡ َ َ ُّ ۡ ْ َ َ َ َ
{‫ٱل ۡو َرٍى ى ٍة‬ ٍ ‫ٱ ٍل ٍق ٍّه‬-ِ‫ار‬
-ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ٍ‫لَو‬
ٍ ‫ارَٱ‬
َ ‫ َد‬-‫بِدِينٍاري‬-ِ‫ار‬
ٍ ‫ٱلك ٍف‬-‫هار‬-ٍ‫بِقِنطٍار‬-ِ‫ار‬ ٍ‫ش‬ٍ ‫اَل‬ ٍ ‫ل ِل ْب‬-ِ‫ٱلّا ٍر‬-ِ‫ار‬
ٍ -ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫اتٍق‬ ِ ‫{ذ‬
Warsh makes taqlīl in the alif that is between 2 rā`s, in a
َّ
condition that the last rā` has to be majrūr in a kasrah: ‫ب‬ َ َ ‫كِّ ََتا‬
َ َ‫إن‬
َ }54َ
‫د‬ َ ْ َ َْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َّ َ ْ َ
ََ ِّ ‫ارَِل ِِّفَعِّل دِّي‬
}‫ي‬ ٍ ٍ ‫اَلب‬ٍ {ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ٍ ‫} يد َاريال ٍق‬, {‫يسخ ِر ًيا‬ ‫ارِيأَتذناهم‬ ٍ ‫}م َِنياَل‬.
ٍ‫ش‬
52
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 830, 831, 320, 281, 284/ Sūrat al-A˘rāf: 178, Hūd: 42
53
Al-Kahf: 1,2 -YaSīn: 54, Al-Qiyāmah: 37 and Al-Muṭṭaffifīn: 14
54
Sūrat Al-Muṭaffifīn, Sūrat Ibrāhīm, Sūrat Ŝād
Warsh reads dthawāt ar-Rā with taqlīl and tarqīq of their rā,
waṣlan and waqfan regardless of madd ul-badal.
(c) Even if dthāt-ar-rā contains a possessive pronoun attached at
the end, it’ll still have taqlīl and tarqīq. So it’ll not affect the rule.
َ ُۡ ۡ ‫ى‬ َ َ َٰٓ َ َ َ
}‫ك‬ٍَ ‫حار‬
ٍَ ِ -ٍ‫م ىٍها‬
ٍ ‫ي‬-ٍ‫يمِن دِيٍ ٍر ٍِك ٍم‬-ٍ‫ مِنيدِيٍ ىٍر ِه ٍِۡم‬-ٍ‫َعيأبۡص ى ٍه ٍِۡم‬ ‫{و‬
Exceptions of the taqlīl: Warsh reads some of dthawāt ar-rā with

fatḥ only, like Ḥafṣ in both waṣlan and waqfan.
(1) Rā has a kasrah }ِ‫ار‬ َ ْ { but its narration never read with taqlīl.
‫ٱۡل َو ي‬
(2) A sākin rā separates between the alif of taqlīl and rā majrūr
ٓ َ ٓ َ
by idghām: {‫ ُمضا ّير ف‬-‫ي{يب ِضا ّير يهِ ْيمي‬, rather it’s read with madd lāzem.
(3) The rā has kasrah ˘āriḍah to match the following yā' al-iḍāfah,
but not for a grammatical purpose. }‫ي‬ َ َ ‫ـن يا‬
‫نصـارِ َي‬ ‫( { َم َي‬is not majrūr).
ُ َ ُ ََ
(4) The rā is not at the end (a) }‫ق‬ ‫ { ين َيمارِ ي‬or (b) {‫ل ت َمارِي‬ ‫{ف ي‬, the yā after
ُ
rā is eliminated for a grammatical purpose }‫( }ت َمارِى‬majzūmah).
17. Tarqīq of The Letter Rā in Warsh’s Recitation

Warsh is the only reciter who reads the maftūḥah or maḍūmmah
rā in tarqīq waṣlan and waqfan: when it is preceded by (a) sākin
yā. (b) or permanent kasrah and is not followed by an isti˘lā’
letter, in the same word. The tarqīq is in both waṣlan and waqfan.
َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ ً َ َّ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َّ ُ ْ َ َ َّ َ َ 55
‫لييي‬
‫سيموص ي‬ ِ ‫ورققيورشييُكيراءيوقبلهايييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييمسكنةيياءيأوِيالك‬
َ ‫كب‬ۡ َ ُّۡ َ َ ٗۡ َ َ ّ َُ ً َ ُ ٗ َ َ َ ُّ ُ ّ َ ُ ۡ ُ ُ َٰ َ َ
‫ّيۢا}ي‬ِ ‫ت‬- ‫ي‬
‫ه‬‫َب‬
ِ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬- ‫ا‬‫ي‬
‫ّي‬ ‫خ‬- ‫ي‬
‫َش‬ِ ‫ب‬ ِ‫ِل‬- ‫ا‬‫ُص‬ ِ ‫نت‬‫م‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬
‫ّي‬ ‫ع‬
ِ ‫س‬ - ‫ة‬‫ِر‬
‫خ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ل‬ - ‫وه‬ ‫ِر‬ ‫وهيوتوق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫تعز‬
ِ ‫و‬- ‫ي‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُص‬
ِ ‫يب‬-‫ّي‬
‫{أس ِط ي‬
Note: If the rā is sākin or the letter before it, the letter before the
sākin is used to decide if the rā will be read with tafkhīm or
tarqīq. The rā is read with tarqīq if a sākin letter separates
between the maftūḥah or maḍūmmah rā and a kasrah
ْ ْ ّ ْ
‫ج َير ِ ي‬
}‫ام‬ ‫إ ِ ْي‬-‫اب‬ ‫ِحر ٱيل ِم ْي‬
‫ح َير َي‬ ‫ٱلس‬-‫خ َيراجي‬‫}إ ِ ي‬
55
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 343, 349, 345, 344, 352
‫‪There are 4 reasons why the Rā is read with tarqīq generally:‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ ً َ َ َۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬
‫اء‪َ -‬وٱلق َم ِيريإِذا{ ‪(1) A rā carries a kasrah:‬‬‫ال‪-‬رِ يئ ي‬
‫ج ي‬‫يئا‪ -‬يف ِ ِر ي‬ ‫يد‪ -‬يف ِريقي‪ -‬يق ِير ُي‬
‫ين ُيه‪َ -‬م ِر ًي‬ ‫‪}.‬ي ِر ي‬
‫ِلسبْ َعة َ‬ ‫تييا َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ك َن ْ‬ ‫َ ََْ َ‬
‫يك ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِيالمليي‬ ‫احيل َّ‬
‫يص ِ‬ ‫إِذايس‬ ‫سةيييييييييييييييييييي***‬ ‫َوليبُ َّديم ِْنيت ْرقِي ِ ِقهايبعد‬
‫‪(2) A rā carries a sukūn and is preceded by an original kasrah in‬‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ن ‪the same word and a letter of ista˘ala doesn't follow it:‬‬ ‫{قدِر‪،‬يف ِۡرع ۡو ي‬
‫ُ َ ۡ ُ ْ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ ّ َّ َ ٓ َ َ ُ َ ّ‬ ‫ْ ً َ ُ‬
‫يمذكِري}‬ ‫َثي‪-‬فذك ِيِريانمايأنت‬
‫ك ِي‬
‫س يت ي‬
‫َب‪-‬بِمصي ِطري‪-‬أوَّليل ِربةِي‪-‬يت ي‬ ‫عة‪-‬يأن ِيذ ْير يهم‪ْ -‬ي‬
‫اص ِ ي‬ ‫ِيم ْير َية‪ُِ -‬ش ي‬
‫‪(3) A rā carries a sukūn as a result of stopping and the letter‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ ْ َ َ‬
‫ِّي‪-‬كثِّيي‪-‬كبِّيي‪-‬قدِيري } ‪before it is an elongated yā:‬‬ ‫ّي‪-‬خ ْ ي‬
‫ّي‪-‬ي َسِّيي‪-‬ٱل ُمن ِي‬ ‫}ٱلس ي‬
‫‪(4) A rā carries sukūn due to stopping and is preceded by a sākin‬‬
‫‪letter of istifāl (thin), and the letter before this carries a kasrah:‬‬
‫ِحر‪-‬ي ّذِ ْكر ‪ ،‬ح ۡ‬
‫ِجري}ي‪.‬يييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬ ‫الس ْ‬
‫الش ْعر‪-‬ي ّ‬‫ّ‬
‫ي{ ِ‬
‫‪Exceptions in which the rā will have Tafkhīm, in general:‬‬

‫ّم ‪(1) In‬‬ ‫ج ِ ٌّي‬‫‪ name, that did not originate in the Arabic language:‬أَ ْع َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ان}ييييييييييييييييييييييييي‬ ‫يلي–يع ِْم َير ي‬ ‫ْس يائ ِ ي‬ ‫‪{ : Al-Fajr.‬يإ ِ َر َيم} ‪ -‬إِب يرا يهِ ي‬
‫يم‪-‬يإ ِ ي‬
‫َ‬
‫رىيم َت َع ّد ي‬
‫ِليي‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫كرير َه َ‬
‫ايح ََّّتييُ‬ ‫َْ ََ ْ‬
‫ت‬ ‫يو‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫إ‬‫ي‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫ييييييييي‬ ‫ييييييييييي‬ ‫ي‬
‫يف‬ ‫ّم َ‬
‫يو‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫خ َم َهاييفياْلَ ْع َ‬
‫ج‬
‫َ َّ‬
‫َوف ي‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫***‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََْ ََ َ ْ ً َ ً َْ َ َ‬
‫لي‬‫ىياْلايفك َّم ي‬ ‫ليس َِو‬‫سةيسِوىييييييييييييييي***ييييييي َح ْر ِفيالِ ْست ِ ْع ي‬ ‫يك ْ َ‬ ‫ولمييريفصليساكِنايبعد‬
‫‪, is following the rā, even if an alif comes‬قضـط ‪(2) An isti˘lā’ letter‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫{ ِّ َ‬
‫اطـيإِع َراض ُيهمي–ي يالفِ َراق}ي‪in between, it has no effect.‬‬
‫ص ي‬ ‫الُص َ ي‬
‫اطي–يإِع َر ي‬
‫اضاي‪-‬ي ِ‬
‫‪ comes between the‬خ ‪, other than‬يقصـطي‪(3) A sākin isti˘lā’ letter‬‬

‫‪letter that carries a kasrah, and the rā:‬‬
‫ُصي–ي ِيم ْ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُصاي}‬ ‫ُصي‪-‬ي ِيم ْ َي‬
‫تي–يق ِْط ًيرايي‪ -‬يب ِ ِيم ْ َي‬
‫ص يه ْيمي‪-‬ييف ِْط َر ي‬ ‫{وِق ًيراي–يإ ِ ْ ًي‬
‫صاي–إ ِ ي‬
‫‪)4) A sākin rā comes between the letter that carries a kasrah, and‬‬
‫‪an isti‘lā’ letter that has a fatḥah or a ḍammah. This is found in 5‬‬
‫ْ َ ْ َ ً َّ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ٗ‬ ‫َّ َ َ َّ َ َ‬
‫يَكنَ ۡ‬
‫‪words:‬‬ ‫طاسي}‬‫ير َّيبكيْلِال ِم ْر َصادِي‪-‬يق ِْر َي‬ ‫تيم ِۡر َصا يداي–ي يف ِ يريقةي‪-‬يإِرص ي‬
‫ادا‪-‬ييإ ِن‬ ‫{إِنيجهنم‬
‫ََ ّ ْ َ َ ُ ْ ُُ ُ ّ َ‬ ‫ْ َُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫يك ْس َ‬ ‫ََ ََْ َ‬
‫يم َت َبذِليي‬‫خميفهذايحكمه‬ ‫فف ِ‬ ‫يمف َّصلييييييييييييييي***‬ ‫يَعرِضييأو‬ ‫‪311‬ي‪-‬يومايبعد‬
‫(ي‬5) A separate kasr in a separate word: a sākin yā or a kasrah

ُ ْ ُ ُ
precedes rā like these ‫يل ِيـ‬-‫ ب ِيـي‬prepositions‫يريبي}ي‬ ‫ك ْيمي–ل َِر ُي‬
‫ ِ ي‬-‫س ْيوليي‬
َ ‫يف‬ ‫س ي‬‫}بِر يؤ يو ِي‬.
Olso, if rā follows a letter that has kasr ˘āriḍ, in a separate word. ٍ

َ
}‫نيٱ ْيريت يبْ ُيت ْيم‬ ‫ج ُيع ْيو ِي‬
‫يإ ِ ِي‬-‫ن‬ ‫بيٱ ْير ِي‬ّ َ ْ ُ ‫ٱ ْر َي‬-‫ك ُيب ْيوا‬
َ ٓ ۡ
‫ٱ ْر ي‬-‫ع‬
َۡ ّ ‫َ َۡ ى َ َۡ ى‬
ٍ‫ٱرت ى‬ ٍِ ‫{ٍل ِ ٍم‬
ِ ‫ر‬-‫ك يع يوا‬ ‫ج ِي‬
ِ ‫ٱر‬-‫ض‬ ٍ ‫َّلىي‬
‫ٱ ِي‬-‫ض‬
ٍ ‫نٍٱرت‬
ٍِ ‫م‬-‫ض‬ ٍ ‫ٱرت‬ٍ ٍ‫ن‬
(6) The yā that precedes the rā is carrying a fatḥah: }‫ِّية‬ َ َ ‫}اْل‬.
(7) 1 rā’s maftūḥah are separated with an alif. In 5 words: the 1st
ْ
rā is preceded by (a) kasrah, {‫ارا‬ ‫ْض ًي‬ ‫ ٱ يلفِ َير ُي‬-‫}ف َِر ًارا‬, or a (b) sākin then
‫ ِ َي‬-‫ار‬
kasrah {‫ارا‬ ‫يإ ِ ْ َي‬-‫}يم ِْد َر ًارا‬, so the 1st rā follows the 1nd in the tafkhīm.
‫ْس ًي‬
ُ ْ َّ َ َ ْ َ َ ُّ ُ ّ ْ َ َ َ َ 56
‫خي ِم َيب ْعضي‬ ِ ‫اِلف‬ ِ ‫انيب‬
‫وحّي ي‬ ***‫ُشريعن ُهييُ َرق ُِقيك ُه ْميييييي يييييييي ي‬ ‫ويفي‬
َ ََ
‫لي‬ ‫تق َّب ي‬
The 1st rā follows the 2nd in the tarqīq in {‫َشـري‬ َ َ ‫} ب‬57, waṣlan and
ِ
waqfan. The reason for tarqīq of the first rā is the hardship and
the heaviness of moving the tongue from tarqīq to tafkhīm to
ْ َ َ َّ
tarqīq { ِ‫ار‬ ٍ‫ش‬ ٍ ‫اَل‬ ٍ {ٍ, which rule is the opposite of this word: {‫}ٱلُضرِي‬.
(8) The rā carries a fatḥah or a ḍammah, and is not preceded by

sākin yā or permanent kasrah in the same word.
َ َ َ ُ ُُ ُُ ْ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َّ َ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ
‫يب َ ًي‬-‫ٱلرِنَٰمۡح‬
‫َشا}ي‬ ‫الر ْيو ِي‬
َّ -‫حي‬ ‫ح َي‬
‫يب ِ ُّي‬-‫ُض‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ل‬
‫سي‬‫ر ي‬-‫كروا‬
‫ يوٱ يذ ي‬-‫يت‬‫ َيو َر ِي‬-‫ك يف ُروا‬
‫ض ي‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ر يزِ يق ينا‬-‫ ير يب ينا‬-‫ون‬
‫{يرج ي‬
(9) The rā carries a sukūn and is precededَ by fatḥah or ḍammah

ُ َٰ َ ۡ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ‫أ ْر َي‬-‫ادليبُ َير‬ ُ َ َّ َ ُ ْ َ ََ
‫ يق ۡير َٰي‬-‫ض‬
{‫ب‬ ‫ يم ير ي‬-‫ان‬
‫لف يريق ي‬
‫ٱ ي‬-‫ان‬
‫ٱ يلقر يء ي‬-‫ك يم‬
‫جع ي‬
ِ ‫مر‬-‫مرسلي‬-‫س يل ينا‬ ‫ ُّي‬-‫ٱِلكث ُير‬ -‫وعةي‬ ‫} يأيل ْير ِ ي‬
‫ يم ير يف ي‬-‫ض‬
‫يي‬
(10) The rā carries a temporary ˘āriḍ sukūn as a result of stopping

(it is not an original sukūn), and the letter before it is not a yā and
carries a sukūn, and the letter before that has fatḥah or ḍammah.
ْ َ ُ َ َٰ َ َّ ۡ َُ
‫الص ْ ِي‬
}‫َب‬ َّ ‫ ب‬-‫ج يري‬ ‫لع ْ ِي‬
ِ ِ ‫سي– وٱلف‬ ‫نس َنيل ِِفيخ ۡ ي‬
ُ ‫س–ٱ‬ ‫غ يفوري َوٱل َع ۡ ِي‬
ِ ‫يإِني يل‬-‫ُصي‬ ‫ي{ َيوٱ ُّي‬
‫ ي‬-‫لط ْيو يرِي‬
56
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 347
57
Sūrat Al-Mursalāt: 32
Both Tarqīq and Tafkhīm of The Rā While Stopping

َ ْ َ َ َ ََْ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َّ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ 58
‫يسل َس ي‬
‫لييي‬ ِ‫يالمشايِخ‬ ‫يوخلف ُه ْمييي ييييييييي*** يب ِفِ ْرقيي َجرىيبْي‬ ‫ويجمعهايق ِظيخصيضغط‬
(1) When a sākin rā follows a kasr aṣlī, and precedes an isti˘lā’
letter has kasrah. As the word } ‫ }يف ِْرقي‬in.
(2) A sākin rā follows sākin isti˘lā’ letter which follows a kasrah,
َ َ ْ
This happens in two instances in the Quran: }‫ْييالقِ ْط ِيري‬ ‫ع َي‬
‫ي ي‬-‫ُِص‬
‫}م ي‬, the
َ
‫ }م ْ َي‬is preferred and the tarqīq for {‫ْييالقِ ْط ِير‬
tafkhīm for }‫ُِص‬ َ ‫ع‬
‫ ; { ي‬due
to the original ḥarakāt on the rā.
(3) When the letter yā after theَ rā is eliminated (for a
َ
grammatical purpose), }‫اْس‬ ‫ِْس ي– يف ْ ِي‬
ْ
ِ ‫ }أ ِن يا‬the sākin rā may be read
with tafkhīm that is preferred due to the fatḥah or ḍammah
preceding rā, or with tarqīq.
َ َ َ
(4) The word ‫ان‬‫ّي ي‬
‫ح ي‬
‫ ي‬in sūrat Al-An˘ām waṣlan and waqfan, while
the tarqīq is preferred, without any relation with madd ul-badal.
(5) Warsh reads the rā of 6 words in both tarqīq and tafkhīm in
qaṣr and ṭūl madd ul-badal but with tafkhīm only in it’s tawassuṭ.
ۡ ‫ َوح‬- ‫ ذ ِۡك ٗيرا‬-‫إم ًراي‬
}‫ِج ٗيرا‬ ‫ص ۡه ٗيرايي– ۡي‬
ۡ
‫ س ٗي‬-‫}وِ ۡز ًراي‬
ِ ‫ َو‬-‫َِتاي‬
َ َ ْ َ َ ‫ص‬ْ َ‫َِتاي َو َيبابَ ُيهييي ييييييييييييييي*** ي َدلىيج َّيلةِياْل‬ ً ْ ‫يم ُهيذ ِْك ًراي َوس‬ َْ
‫ابيأع َم ُريأ ْر ُح ي‬
‫ل‬ ِ ‫ح‬ ِ
ُ ‫خ‬ِ ‫َوتف‬
ۡ
Sixth: Madd ul-Badal’s Relation With 6 Words ‫ ذِك ٗريا‬and The Like
ۡ َ َ ُ ٓ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ْ ُ ُ ۡ َ 59
}‫يٱّلِليكذِك ِرك ُيم ف ٓيۥ َيءابَا َءك ُيم ف ٓيۥيأ َيوياش َّديذِك ٗيراي‬ ‫{فلذكروا‬
ُ ٓ ۡ
1-Qaṣr madd ul-badal {‫ { َءايبَا َءكم‬with tafkhīm and tarqīq of {‫ي{ذِك ًيرا‬
ُ ٓ ۡ
1- Tawassuṭ of madd ul-badal {‫ { َءابَا َءكم‬with tafkhīm {‫ي{ذِك ًيرا‬only.
ُ ٓ ۡ
3- Ṭūl of madd ul-badal {‫ { َءابَا َءكم‬with tafkhīm and tarqīq {‫ي{ذِك ًيرا‬
58
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 351, 346 / Sūrat Ash-Shu˘arā'
59
Sūrah al-Baqarah: 200, Al-Anfāl: 43, al-Māidah: 22, An-Nisā’: 36
Warsh reads 3 rā-words with fatḥَ and taqlīl, َ (taqlīl with tarqīq rā)
َ َ ۡ
‫(ي‬1)‫(ي‬fatḥ with tafkhīm rā) {‫يأ َريى َٰك ُه ۡيم‬- ‫ {أرٍىىك ُه ٍۡم‬and {‫ين‬ ٍَ ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫ َج ٍَّب‬-ٍِ‫ار‬ ‫{ي َو َي‬.
‫ٱۡل ي‬
َ ّ ُ ُ ْ ُْ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َُ ََ َ ‫ْي‬ َ ْ ‫ْي َيب‬ َ ْ ‫وايالراءِي َو ْرشيي َب‬ َّ ‫ َو ُذ‬60
‫لي‬
‫ُج ي‬
‫اتياَلايُلياْللفي ِي‬ ِ ‫يويفيييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييأراكه يميو‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
َ َُّ َ َ
‫ِلي‬
‫يمقل ي‬ ‫ابيَكن‬ َْ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َّ َ ‫اۡل ي‬ َ ْ ‫يني َيو‬ ‫يو َج َّبارِ َي‬ ‫بَ َدارِ َي‬
ِ ‫ارِيتمموايييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييي يوورشييُجِيعياْل‬
َ َ َّ َٰٓ َ ُ َٰ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ ُْ َ َ َ
‫(ي‬2)}‫ين‬ ‫ارِ َي‬‫ِيهايق ۡو ٗيما َج َّيب ي‬ ‫نيف‬ ‫يو َم َع ُهييفييييييييييييييييييي*ي{قالواييموسيإ ِ ي‬ َ ‫لف‬ ِ ‫انيعنهيبِاخت‬ ِ ‫وهذ‬
َ
fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫وس‬ ٍ‫ي{ي ى ُم َ ى‬- with fatḥ and taqlīl of ‫ين{ي‬ ٍَ ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫ين{} َج ٍّب‬ ٍَ ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫} َج ٍَّب‬
َ
taqlīl dthāt ul-yā‫وس}ي‬ ٍ‫ي{ي ى ُم ى‬- with fatḥ and taqlīl of‫ين{ي‬ ٍَ ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫ين{} َج ٍّب‬ ٍَ ِ‫ار‬ ٍ ‫} َج ٍَّب‬
َ ُۡ ۡ ۡ َ ََۡ َ َ ۡ ُۡ ۡ َ ٗۡ َ
(3)}‫ب‬‫ارِي يذِييٱلق ۡير َٰي‬ ‫ِْييي َو َي‬
‫ٱۡل ي‬ ‫سك ِي‬ َٰ َ ‫ّمي َيوٱل َم‬
‫تَٰ َٰي‬
‫بيوٱَل ي‬ َ ‫س ٗين‬
‫ايوبِذِييٱلق ير َٰي‬ َٰ َ ‫لل َو َٰ ِ َدليۡنيإ ِ ۡح‬ ِ ‫{يشيياييوب‬
ِ
3 Madthāhib: First: Equalizing between dthāt ul-yā and {‫ٱۡلارِي‬ َ ۡ ‫{و‬ َ
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
1-Al-līn ul-mahmūz 4 {‫{شييا‬- fatḥ dthāt yā {‫ب‬ ‫ {ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- {‫ار‬ ‫ٱۡل ِي‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
1-Al-līn ul-mahmūz 4 {‫ {شييا‬- taqlīl dthāt ul-yāٍ {‫ب‬ ٍ‫{ٱلق ۡ ى‬,{ِ‫{وٍاجلا ٍر‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
3-Al-līnul mahmūz 6 {‫{شييا‬- fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- fatḥ {ِ‫ار‬ ‫ٱۡل ي‬‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
4-Al-līn ul-mahmūz 6{‫{شييا‬-taqlīl both dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫{وٍاجلا ٍرِ{{ٱلق ۡ ى‬
Second: 8 possible independent ways and it is the preferred one.

ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
1- Līn mahmūz 4 {‫ {شييا‬fatḥ both dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬and {ِ‫ار‬
‫ٱۡل ي‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
1-Līn ul-mahmūz 4-{‫{شييا‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬taqlīl {ِ‫{وٍاجلا ٍر‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
3-Līn mahmūz 4 {‫ {شييا‬taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬fatḥ {‫ار‬ ‫ٱۡل ِي‬‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
4-Līn ul-mahmūz 4 {‫ {شييا‬taqlīl dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬and {‫{وٍاجلا ٍِر‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
5- Līn ul-mahmūz 6 {‫ {شييا‬- fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬and {ِ‫ار‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
‫ٱۡل ي‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
6-Līn ul-mahmūz 6 {‫ {شييا‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬taqlīl {ٍِ‫{وٍاجلار‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
7-Līn ul-mahmūz 6 {‫ {شييا‬taqlīl dthāt ul-yā ٍ{‫ب‬ ٍ‫ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬fatḥ {ِ‫ار‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
‫ٱۡل ي‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
8-Līn mahmūz 6{‫{شييا‬-taqlīl both dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬and {ِ‫{وٍاجلا ٍر‬
60
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 314, 324, 325
ۡ
A moderate way: of 6 ways of reading the āiyah with {‫ار‬ ‫ { َو َي‬.
‫ٱۡل ِي‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
1- Līn ul-mahmūz 4 {‫ {شييا‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- fatḥ {ِ‫ار‬ ‫ٱۡل ي‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
1- Līn ul-mahmūz 4{‫{شييا‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- taqlīl {ِ‫{وٍاجلا ٍر‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
3-Līn ul-mahmūz 4{‫ {شييا‬taqlīl both dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫{وٍاجلا ٍرِ{ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
4- Līn ul-mahmūz 6{‫شييا‬ ‫ { ي‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- fatḥ {‫ار‬ ‫ٱۡل ِي‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
ٗۡ َ َ ُۡ ۡ
5- Līn ul-mahmūz 6{‫ {شييا‬fatḥ dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ‫ ي{ٱلق ۡير َٰي‬- taqlīl {ِ‫{وٍاجلا ٍر‬
ٗۡ َ ُۡ ۡ
6- Līn ul-mahmūz 6{‫ {شيياي‬taqlīl dthāt ul-yā {‫ب‬ ٍ‫ {ٱلق ۡ ى‬- fatḥ {ِ‫ار‬ ‫{ َو َي‬
‫ٱۡل ي‬
18. Taghlīṫĥ )Thickening) of The Lām

The terms tafkhīm and taghlīṫĥ are synoneyms, rather taghlīṫĥ is
a major tafkhīm. The scholars tend to use it for velarization of the
letter lām, and the word tafkhīm for velarization of the rā. 61
َ ُّ َ َ ُ ْ َ َّ ْ َ َّ َ َ َ َْ َ ‫ َو َغ َّل َظ‬62
‫ليي‬‫ْن ي‬ ‫أوِيالطاءِيأويل ِلظاءِيقبليت‬ ***‫يو ْرشيفت َحيلميل َِصادِيهاييييييي ييييييييي يي‬
َ َ ُ َ َّ َ َّ ً ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َّ ُ َْ ْ َ ُ َ
‫ليي‬ ‫وص ي‬ ‫ومطلعِ يأيضايثميظليوي‬ ***‫تيك َصلت ِ ِه ْميييي ييييييييييييي‬ ‫إِذايفتِحتيأويسكِن‬
َ ّ ُ ُ َّ َ ُ َ ً ْ َ ُ َّ َ ُ َ ْ َ ً َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ
‫لي‬‫ض ي‬ ِ ‫يسكنيوقفايوالمفخميف‬ ***‫يوعِن َدماييي يييييييييييييي‬ ‫ويفيطاليخلفيمعيف ِصال‬
Warsh makes taghlīṫĥ of the lām with the following 3 conditions
A. The lām to be maftūḥah, regardless mushaddadah, or not.
B. The lām has to be preceded by one of these letters: ‫ص‬, ‫ ط‬, ‫ظ‬.
C. The 3 letters (‫ص‬, ‫ ط‬, ‫ )ظ‬have to carry either fatḥah or sukūn.
(i) If the 3 conditions are fulfilled, then Warsh makes taghlīṫĥ of
ً َ َ َُ َْ َ ْ ُ ُ ۡ َّ َ َّ َ َ ۡ َّ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َٰ َ َّ
lām {‫طل يبا‬-‫لحي–يأظل يمي‬
‫يإ ِص ي‬-‫طلقت يم‬-‫بِظلميي‬-‫يوظللنا‬-‫يوماظلمونا‬-‫ل‬ ‫يوص ي‬-‫مطلعِي‬-‫{ٱلصلوية‬
َ َ ُ َّ َ
(ii) If any conditions is not fulfilled, then tarqīq: {‫يخل ُطوا‬-‫يظل ِمي‬-‫ل‬ ‫{ض ي‬
(iii) Warsh makes taghlīṫĥ )prefered( and tarqīq in 3 cases;
َ ً َ ََ
A. If alif separates lām from the taghlīṫĥ letter {‫يَ َّصاۡلاي‬-‫ال‬ ‫ف َِص ي‬-‫ال‬
‫{أف َط ي‬.
No taghlīṫĥ, with qaṣr ul-badal.
61
http://www.abouttajweed.com/kb/entry/447/
62
Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 359, 360, 361/ Sūrah: ṬāHā, Al-Baqarah: 233, an-Nisā'
B. When stopping on the lām at the end of a word with a sukūn

َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َّ َ
‫يف ْص ي‬-‫لي‬
˘āriḍ. This occurs in 6 words: {‫ل‬ ‫ي يفص ي‬-‫لي‬
‫يوبطـ ي‬-‫ل‬
‫ييوص ي‬-‫ل‬
‫فص ي‬-‫ل‬
‫}ظ ي‬.
C. The lām is one of the letters of dthāt ul-yā, so the taghlīṫĥ of

the lām accompanies fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā, and the tarqīq of the lām
َ ۡ َ َ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ َ َ
accompanies the taqlīl of dthāt ul-yā:1-}‫صل يى َٰ َها‬ ‫ص َٰي‬
‫ي ي‬-‫ىل‬ ‫ص َٰي‬
‫ يوي ي‬-‫ىل‬ ‫}سي ي‬.
This rule is not valid to the 10 sūrahs that have taqlīl only, tarqīq
of the lām. {ٓ‫ل‬
ّ َ َ ًَۡ
ٍُ ‫اٍص‬ ‫ير ّبِهِۦيفَ َص ّ ى‬
‫لٍ}{يعبداياِيذ‬ ۡ ‫ٍ}ي{و َذ َك َر‬
َ ‫يٱس َم‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫يو َل‬
‫يٍص ّ ى‬ َ ‫{فَ َل‬63
َ ‫يص َّد َق‬
َ ّٗ ُ
‫يَ ۡصىل يٱلَّ َي‬-‫{م َصيىلِۖي‬
6 words get taqlīl only, like } ‫ار‬ (i) taghlīṫĥ of lām
waṣlan, as tanwīn, drops the alif of dthāt ul-yā, or is not
pronounced due to the rule of preventing meeting of 2 sākin.
(ii) when stopping (a) fatḥ of dthāt ul-yā with taghlīṫĥ of lām,
ّ َ ُ َٰ َ ۡ َ
(preferred) (b) taqlīl with tarqīq {‫ل‬ ٍ ۡ َ‫يٍي‬-‫ل‬
ٍ‫ص ى‬ ٍ َ ‫{ ٍُم‬-‫ىل{ ي‬
ٍ‫ص ى‬ ‫ص َٰي‬‫م ي‬-‫ىل‬
‫صي‬ ‫ي{ي ي‬.
The Tafkhīm and Tarqīq of the Lām for all the Qurrā’
The only time the letter ‘lām’ is mufakham is in Ism ul-Jalālah,
َ َ َ َ ْ ُ
i.e. the name of Allāh ‫اَل‬ ‫ح يان ُيه ي َيو يت َيع ي‬
‫س يب ي‬ ‫ ي ي‬referring to the word itself:
“Allāh”. This occurs when the Ismul Jalālah is preceded by
a fatḥah‫ي‬or a ḍammah, or when you start your‫ي‬recitation with it:
َّ َّ َ ُ َّ َ ْ َ َ َّ ُّ ّ َ ُ َ َ َّ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َّ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ َّ
}‫ٱلل ُه َّيم‬-ِ ‫اّلِل‬
‫ني ي‬ ‫ ِيم ي‬-‫ياّلِل‬
‫حس ِب ي‬-‫واياّلِل‬‫ي‬ ‫وِلِ ك َِب‬-‫َل‬ ‫ففِ ُّروايإ ِ ي‬-ِ ‫ياّلِل‬
‫حان ي‬ ‫س يب ي‬‫ ي‬-‫اّلِل‬
‫ضي ي‬ ‫ ير ي‬-‫ق‬ ‫يخا يل ِ ي‬
‫اّلِل ي‬
‫{ ي‬
If Ism Allāh is preceded by kasrah, then its lām is said in tarqīq
َّ ُ ُ َّ َ َّ َّ َّ َ َّ ّ َّ َّ ُ
‫يُيَادِد َي‬-‫ياّلِل‬
}‫ِياّلِل‬ ‫يأم ي‬ ِ ‫خّي‬ ‫ي‬-ِ ‫فاسجدوايّلِل‬
‫ِي‬ -ِ ‫يٱّلِل‬
‫عن ي‬ ِ -ِ ‫ي‬
‫اّلِل‬ِ ‫ب‬- ‫ي‬
‫ياّلِل‬ ‫اتق‬
ِ - ِ ‫ي‬
‫يٱّلِل‬ ‫م‬
ِ ‫بس‬- َّ ‫يٱلل ُه‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬ ‫ي}ق ِل‬. ‫ييي‬
‫ييي‬In all other words, the lām is read with tarqīq regardless it’s
َّ ُ
ḥarakh. This rule still applies in example {‫ليٱلل ُه َّيم‬ ‫ي ي{ق ِي‬
“Allāhumma” is another form of ism ul-Jalālah, is used in do˘ā’.
َ َّ ُ َ ُ َ َّ َ َ ُ ّ َ ُ
‫يم َرت ي‬
‫ليي‬ ‫يرقِقهايحَّتييروق‬ ***‫يي‬ ‫سةيييييييييي‬
َ َْ ْ
َ ْ ‫ِيك‬ ‫ىياس ِمياّلِل ِيمِنيبعد‬ ْ ‫يدل‬ َ َ ‫ َو ُ ُُّك‬64
َ َ َ ً ْ َ ْ َّ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ ُ َّ َ َ َ
‫يوفيْ َص ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يي*** ي يين ِظاميالشم ِليوصل‬ ‫يوض َّمةيف َت َّيمييييييييي يي‬ ‫كمايفخموهيبعديفتح‬
63
Sūrat Al-˘Ālq: 10, Al-A˘ala: 15 , Al-Qiyāmah: 31, Al-Baqarah:125
64
19. Yā-āt al-Iḍāfah 65

Yā-āt il-iḍāfah is yā il-mutakallim, can be added to the end of a
noun, verb or particle. It can be replaced by a kāf, hā, any other
pronoun or deleted. It’s an extraneous letter that is not part of the
root letters, fā, ˘ayn or lām ul-kalimah.
ُ ْ َْ
َ ْ َُ ُ َ‫ل ِميال ْ ِف ْعليي‬
َ ِ ‫اءيإ ِ َضافَةيييييييييييييييييييي***ييي َو َم‬
‫ايِهيم ِْنينف ِسياْل ُصو ِليفتش ِلِكيي‬
َ ْ َ ْ َ َ 66
ِ ِ ‫وليستيب‬
َ َ َ َ ْ َ َْ َ َ ُّ ُ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ َّ َ
‫يم ْدخ ي‬
‫لي‬ ‫ِيوالك ِف‬ ‫يمايتل ِيهِييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييييُرىيل ِلهاء‬ ‫فيُك‬ ِ ‫ِيوالك‬ ‫ولكِنهايَكلهاء‬
The Differences Between Yā-Il-Iḍāfah And Yā-Az-Zawā-Id67
The Attached Yā-āt il-iḍāfah at The Extra Yā-āt az-Zawā-id

the end of:
َ
‫ييبَ ِ ي‬, verbs as ‫وني‬
1) Nouns as ‫يَّت‬ ‫ذ ُر ِ ي‬ 1) At the end of: nouns
ْ ََ as ‫ي‬
َ
َّ َ
َّ
‫ادل ِ ي‬
‫اىع‬ ‫ ي‬/‫ارِي‬ َ َ
‫اۡل يو ي‬
‫ي ي‬or verbs ‫َت‬ ‫ين يبْ ِ ي‬
‫ ي يأ ِ ي‬/ ‫غ‬
, and pronouns as ‫َِن‬ ‫ م ِّ ي‬/ ‫َل‬
‫ يإ ِ َّي‬/‫َعي‬
2) Recorded in the writing of 2) Deleted from the writing of
the Muṣḥaf the Muṣḥaf
3) The reciters differ in reading 3) The reciters differ in

it with a sukūn or a fatḥah. reading with yā or without it
4) Do not stem from the word. 4) One of the word’s ََ letters ‫ي‬
They denote a direct object or ‫اىع‬ َّ
‫ادل ِ ي‬
‫ ي‬/ ‫سي‬ ْ َ
‫ ي ِي‬/ ‫َت‬ ‫ ي يأ ِ ي‬or an extra
َ
‫ي َيو ِي‬/ ‫يرِي‬
possessive pronoun indicating
“me” or “my”. letter ‫عي ِيديي‬ ‫يين ِيذ ي‬.
5) They are pronouns 5) They are letters
65
Al-Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 183
66
67
Nailu al-Wattar fil-Qirā-āt al-Arba˘ ˘Ashar:
‫‪In general, Yā al-iḍāfah can be divided into 3 categories:‬‬

‫‪a. The yā-āt that reciters have agreed upon reading with sukūn:‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ ََ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫} َف َمنيتَب َعَنيفِذنّ ُهيم َِّن َ‬
‫يوي َ ْسقِ ِي‬
‫ْيي‬ ‫ِييه َو ُيي ْطعِ ُمَن َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اِن‪-‬اَّلِييخلق َِنيف ُه َو َيي ْهد ِي‬
‫ِين‪َ -‬واَّل‬ ‫يو َم ْنيع َص ِ ي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫يئا}‪.‬‬‫َني‪-‬ي َي ْع ُب ُدون َِني‪-‬ي ِبيش ي‬
‫‪-‬ي َواَّلِيييُ ِميت ِ ي‬
‫‪b. The yā-āt that reciters have agreed upon reading with fatḥah:‬‬
‫ْ َُ َْ ّْ َُ َ ّ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِين}‪.‬‬
‫ونياَّل ي‬
‫َّتي‪-‬يأر ِ‬ ‫َِبي‪-‬ين ِعم ِ َ‬
‫َّتيال ِ ي‬ ‫{بَلغ ِ َي‬
‫َن الك ي‬
‫‪c. 212 yā-āt‬‬
‫‪َْ ْ that‬‬ ‫‪reciters differ on reading with fatḥah or sukūn.‬‬
‫َُْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْْ ُ ُْ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ْييخلفيال يقو ِميأحكِيهِيُمم ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يي*** وث ِنت ِ‬ ‫يمن ِيفةييييي‬ ‫‪َ 68‬ويفيمِائَّتيياءيوعَش‬
‫ي‪-‬ءي‪Yā al-iḍāfah can be followed by 1 of 6 letters,‬‬ ‫ي‪-‬ء َ‬

‫‪-any letter‬ٱل‪-‬ٱ‪-‬ءِ ُ‬
‫‪If yā al-iḍāfah is followed by hamzat qaṭ˘, maftūḥah, maksūrah,‬‬
‫‪maḍmūmah, or hamzat waṣl, then Warsh reads yā with a fatḥah,‬‬
‫‪except some cases where Warsh reads the yā with a sukūn, then‬‬
‫‪elongates it to 6 ḥarakāt madd munfaṣil preceding hamzat al-qaṭ˘.‬‬
‫َّ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َّ َ َ ُ َّ َ ْ َ ُ َ ّ َۡ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ ُ َ َّ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫ل‪-‬ي‬
‫ِيِقيإ ِ ي‬
‫يب‪ -‬توف ِ‬
‫ص ي‬ ‫يذ يها‪-‬عذ ِابيأ ِ‬
‫ع ي‬‫ِن ييأ ِي‬
‫َنيأنياشك يري‪-‬ييإ ِ ِ ي‬ ‫ع ِي‬
‫بيأوزِ ي‬ ‫ع يل يم‪-‬ير ِ‬
‫ِنيأ ي‬
‫اف‪-‬يإ ِ ِ ي‬
‫خ ي‬ ‫ِن يأ ي‬
‫}يإ ِ ِ ي‬
‫ّ َّ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ّ َ َّ‬ ‫َّ َ ْ‬
‫َّلي }‬
‫ب ٱ ِي‬‫ل‪ -‬بعدِيياسم يهي‪ -‬ير ِ ي‬ ‫َنييإ ِ ي‬ ‫َلياّلِل ِ‪ -‬ين يف ِ َي‬
‫ىسييإ ِن‪ِ -‬يم ِ َي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ارِييإ ِ‬‫ني َ ي‬
‫انص ي َ‬ ‫َيم َي‬
‫‪1) There are 99 yā-iḍāfah preceding hamzat al-qaṭ˘ al-maftūḥah‬‬

‫ُ َ‬
‫اض َعيه َّم ي‬ ‫ما َ َفتْ ُ َ َّ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫فت ِ ْس ُعوني َم ْعيه ْمزيبِفتحي َيوت َِس ُعهاييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييي َس ي‬
‫َ‬
‫ل‬ ‫حهاييإ ِليم َو ِ‬
‫ُ ََْ َْ َ ُ ْ َََ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ّ َّ ْ ُ ُ ُ َ‬
‫يج ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يسكونهايييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييل ِكيوترَح َِنيأكنيولقد‬ ‫نيوتفت ِ َِنياتبِع َِن‬ ‫فأر ِ ي‬
‫‪Sama: Nāfī˘, Ibn Kathīr and Abū ˘Amr read it maftūḥah, with‬‬
‫‪some exceptions. Warsh reads 7 with sukūn, (4 as all the qurrā`).‬‬
‫ٱد ُعونيٓ‬‫‪ۡ ۡ ُ ۡ َ ٓ ُ َ َ ْ َ ٓ ۡ َ ُ َ ٓ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ ٓ ّ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ٓ َ 69‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ل‪-‬‬‫ونيأقت ي‬‫ِك‪-‬ذر ِ‬ ‫َنيأهد ي‬ ‫َنيأكن‪ -‬يفاتب ِ يع ِ ي‬
‫َح ِ ي‬
‫َنيألي‪ ،‬وتر ي‬‫ظ يرِياَلكي‪ ،‬وليتف يت ِ ِ ي‬ ‫نييأن ي‬ ‫{يأ يرِ ِ ي‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَ ۡس َتج ۡ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ونيأذك ۡرك ۡيم } ‪.‬‬ ‫ك ۡفيم‪-‬فَلذك ُر ٓ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫يل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ََ ََْ ْ َ ً َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ُُ َ َْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫جاديه َّط ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫حهاييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييدواءيوأ يوزِع َِنيمعاي ي‬ ‫ونيفت‬‫ونياذكر ِ‬ ‫ونيوادع ِ‬ ‫ذر ِ‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 389-392, 400 / Sūrat al-A˘rāf: 143, at-Tawbah: 49,‬‬
‫‪69‬‬
‫‪Sūrat Hūd: 47, Maryam: 43, Ghāfir: 26, 60, al-Baqarah: 152‬‬
‫‪1) There are 52 yā-iḍāfah preceding hamzat al-qaṭ˘ al-maksūrah‬‬

‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫سي َه ْم َ‬ ‫ِْيي َم ْعي َك ْ‬
‫يخْس َ‬‫‪َ ْ َ َ ْ 70‬‬
‫ِوىيمايت َع َّز ي‬
‫لي‬ ‫يحكميس‬ ‫وَّل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ي‬
‫أ‬‫ي‬ ‫حِ‬ ‫فت‬‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬‫ي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫***‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬‫يييييييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬
‫ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫انيمع‬
‫وث ِنت ِي‬
‫‪Nāfi˘ reads yā with fatḥah, except 9 that Warsh reads with sukūn.‬‬
‫َ ُُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫لييي‬‫ايفيال ُم ي‬ ‫ِّميييييييييييي***ييييييييييو ِيفيرس ِىلييأصليكسايو ِ‬‫وَّليح ًي‬‫و ِيفيإِخو ِِتيورشيييدِييعنييأ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ّ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ َّ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُّ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ ََْ‬
‫يوأخ ْرت َِنييإ َِلييي‬ ‫يوَّك ُه ْمييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييي(يصدِق َِنيان ِظر ِن‬ ‫ِيِقيظِلل‬
‫وحز ِنيوتوف ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َّ ّ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َو ُذ ّر َّيَّتييَ ْد ُعونََن َ‬
‫لِكيييييييييييييييييييي‬
‫يمش ي‬ ‫َشييل ِيهايالهمزيبِالض ِم‬
‫يوع ي‬ ‫يوخ َِطابُ ُيه)ييييييييييييييييييييييييي***‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪Yā-iḍāfah sākinah‬‬ ‫‪Sūrah:#‬‬ ‫‪Yā-iḍāfah sākinah‬‬ ‫‪Sūrah:#‬‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ٓ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ٓ َ َٰ َ ِ ُ ْ َ ُ َ‬
‫ومي ُي يبْ َيع يث ي‬
‫ون}ي‬ ‫نيإ ِ ََٰل يييَ ِي‬
‫ظ ير ِ ي‬ ‫{يأن ِي‬ ‫‪7: 14‬‬ ‫ون}ي‬
‫وميي يب يع يث ي‬ ‫نيإَِل ييي ي‬ ‫ظ ير ِ ي‬
‫‪ { 15 R‬يف يأن ِي‬
‫َّ َ ْ ُ ۡ َ ٓ َ‬ ‫ََْ َُۡ َ‬
‫َل يهِ }ي‬ ‫َنييإ ِ ي‬
‫عون ِ ي‬ ‫{ي ِيم يمايي يد ي‬ ‫‪12: 43‬ي‬ ‫َليٱلّا يرِ }ي‬ ‫عون ِ ٓي‬
‫َنييإ ِ ي‬ ‫{ي يويت يد ي‬ ‫‪40: 41‬‬
‫ً ُ َ ّ ْ ٓ َّ َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪28: 34‬ي‬ ‫َ َّ َ ْ ُ ۡ َ ٓ َ‬ ‫‪40: 43‬ي‬
‫اف}ي‬‫خ ي‬ ‫ِنييأ ي‬ ‫َنييإ ِ ِ ي‬
‫ص ِيد يق ِ ي‬
‫{ يرِ يدايي ي‬ ‫َل يهِ }ي‬
‫َنييإ ِ ي‬
‫عون ِ ي‬ ‫{ يأينماييت يد ي‬
‫ُ ّ َّ ٓ ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ َّ َ ٓ َ َٰ َ َ َ‬
‫ِن}ي‬
‫َّتييإ ِ ِ ي‬
‫ييفي يذ يرِي ِي‬ ‫َل ِ ي‬
‫حي ِ ي‬ ‫{ َيويأ ْي‬
‫ص يل ِ ْي‬ ‫‪46: 15‬‬ ‫جليي يق يرِيبي}ي‬ ‫َنيإَِل ييأ ي‬ ‫خ يرت ِي‬‫ولييأ ي‬‫‪{ 63:11‬يل ي‬
‫‪3) There are 10 yā iḍāfah preceding hamzat al-qaṭ˘ al-maḍmūmah‬‬
‫‪Warsh reads with fatḥah, except 2, that all reciters read (sākinah).‬‬
‫َََْ َُْ َ‬
‫يمقف ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ونيِلفتح‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫آت‬ ‫ِييو‬ ‫د‬ ‫يوأَ ْسك ْنيل ُِكِّه ْيمييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييييب َع ْ‬
‫ه‬
‫ََ ْ َ َ ْ‬
‫اف َت ْح َ‬ ‫فعنيناف ِعييف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ييعيلَييهِييق ِ ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َْ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ٓ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫يويفُيوايب َ‬‫َ‬
‫يط ً‬
‫يريا}‬ ‫يريغ‬
‫يونييأيف ِ‬
‫يه ِديكيمي‪-‬قيالييءيات ِ‬
‫يفييبِيع ي‬‫ييييأ ْ‬
‫يو ِ‬ ‫يع ْي‬
‫يه ِد ٓ‬
‫ِ‬
‫{ويأ ْ‬
‫‪َ 71‬‬
‫‪4) There are 14 yā-iḍāfah preceding hamzat waṣl of lām ut-Ta˘rīf‬‬

‫ُ َ‬ ‫َشةييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييفَذ ْس َك ُن َهايفَاش َ‬
‫يو َع ْ‬ ‫ََُْ َ‬
‫يع ْ َ‬ ‫َّ َّ ْ‬
‫ليي‬
‫يع ي‬‫ِيييف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو ِيفيالل ِميل ِلتع ِر ِ‬
‫يفيأربع‬
‫َ َ َ ُ َ ۡ َ َّ َٰ َ َ ّ َ َّ ّ ُ ْ‬
‫ي}ي ‪Warsh reads with fatḥah‬‬ ‫ييُي ِ ي‬
‫ياَّل ي‬
‫ب ِي‬‫ْيي‪-‬ي ير ِ ي‬
‫ِييٱلظل ِ ِم ي‬
‫{لييناليعهد ي‬
‫‪5) There are 7 yā-āt iḍāfah preceding hamzat ul-waṣl.‬‬
‫‪Warsh reads 3 yā with‬‬ ‫‪sukūn and 4 of these 7 yā-āt with fatḥah.‬‬
‫َ َ َ ّ َ َّ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ايو َفتْ ُ‬
‫صليفَ ْر ًد َ‬ ‫َو َسبْعيب َه ْمزيال ْ َو ْ‬
‫ح ُه ْمييييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييأ ِِخيمعيإ ِ ِِنيحقهيَلت َِنيح ي‬
‫ليي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َ ٗ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫{إ ِّنيا ْ‬
‫يل}ي‬‫يٱلر ُسو ِليسب ِ ي‬ ‫َنيٱَتذت َ‬
‫يم َع َّي‬ ‫ش ُدديبِهِۦٓيأزرِي‪-‬يَٰل ۡيت ِ ي‬
‫ك‪-‬هَٰ ُرونيأ ِِخي‪٣٠‬يٱ ي‬ ‫ص َطفيْ ُت ي‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 401-407, 411‬‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫‪Sūrat al-Baqarah: 40, 124, 258, al-Kahf: 96, al-A˘rāf: 144, al-Furqān: 27, ṬāHā: 30‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ّ َ‬ ‫َ َ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ْ َ َ 72‬‬

‫دى َيب ْعدِيي َس َماي َصف ُوهُيوِ ي‬
‫ليي‬ ‫يه ً‬ ‫يالرضاييييييي***ييييَحِيد‬ ‫ونف ِىسيسما ذِك ِرييسما قو ِم ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ۡ َ ٓ َ‬
‫يي‪٤٢‬يٱذه َبيايإ ِ ََٰلي‬ ‫يو َليتَنِيَاييفيذ ِۡكر َ‬ ‫يوأ َ ُخ َ‬
‫وكيأَِب َيََّٰت َ‬ ‫نت َ‬ ‫بيأَ َ‬‫ىسي‪٤١‬يٱ ۡذ َه ۡ‬
‫كيلِ َ ۡف ِ َ‬‫َ ۡ َ َُۡ َ‬
‫{وٱصطنعت‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫يٱس ُم ُيه ٓۥيأ ۡ َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َ ّ َّ َ ۡ َ َّ َ ُ ْ‬
‫َح ُيدي}يييييييييييييييييييي‬ ‫ِي ۡ‬ ‫َشۢايب َر ُسولييَأَتيمِ ۢني َب ۡعد َ‬ ‫َُّ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫واي‪٣‬ي‪ -‬ومب ِ ِ‬ ‫بيإِنيق يو ِميٱَتذ ي‬ ‫ني‪-‬يي َٰ ير ِ‬
‫ف ِرعو ي‬
‫‪6) There are 30 Yā-iḍāfah preceding a letter other than a hamzah.‬‬

‫َ َْ‬
‫ي{ ‪Warsh reads with sukūn, except 11 with fatḥah. He reads‬‬ ‫َم َيا َي‬
‫{ يو ي‬
‫‪in 4 ways, 2 with yā maftūḥah (waṣlan, with fatḥ and taqlīl) and 2‬‬
‫‪yā sākinah with madd 6 ḥarakāt light madd lāzim, waṣlan and‬‬
‫َ َ َْ ْ َ َ َْ َ َ َ ْ ْ َ َ ْ‬
‫اي} ‪waqfan, with fatḥ and taqlīl.‬‬ ‫ميٍ ٍَ‬‫ي‪/‬ي ٍو ٍ‬
‫ميٍآ ٍ‬
‫اي‪ٍ -‬و ٍ‬‫َمي ي‬
‫ي‪/‬ي يو ي‬‫َميٓا ي‬
‫{ يو ي‬
‫َْ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُْ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ ُْ‬ ‫ََ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ف)ي َوالفت ُحيخ ّوِ ي‬
‫لي‬ ‫باْلل ِ ي‬‫جي(‬ ‫ثْييخل يف ُه ْميييييييييييييييي***ييييي َوَميا َي‬
‫يي ِ ي‬ ‫ييفيثل ِ ي‬ ‫ومعيغّيِيهمز ِ‬
‫ً َ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ْ ً ُ َْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َّ ُ ً َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ِ َ‬
‫لييي‬‫حف ي‬ ‫وحيع ْنيييييييييييييي***يييي ييييييييييل ِوىيوسِواهيعدييأصل ِ‬
‫يَل‬ ‫ىهيوبي َِّتيبِن ي‬
‫لي يوج ِ ي‬‫يوع يميع ي‬
‫‪Yā-iḍāfah maftūḥah Sūrah:‬‬ ‫‪Yā-iḍāfah maftūḥah‬‬ ‫‪Sūrah:‬‬

‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬
‫ٓ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ٓ‬
‫ْي}ي‬ ‫ِلطيائِفِ َي‬ ‫َّتيل َّ‬ ‫نيط ِّيه َيرايبَ ۡي ِ َ‬
‫ْي}ي ‪{ 2:126‬أ َ‬ ‫يوٱلقائ ِ ِم َي‬ ‫ْي َ‬‫ِلطيائف َ‬
‫َّتيل َّ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ 22: 26‬ي { َو َط ِّيه َيرايبَ ۡي ِ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َّ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ۡ ُ ُ ْ َ َ َّ‬
‫ط َير}ي‬ ‫ليي يف َي‬ ‫ىهييل ِ ِي‬
‫جِي‬ ‫تي يو ي‬ ‫ج يه ي‬ ‫وني}ي ‪ { 3: 79‬يو ي‬ ‫بيل َعل ُه ۡيمييَ ۡرش ُد ي‬ ‫َلومِنواي ِ ي‬ ‫‪{ 1:181‬يو ي‬
‫‪6: 162‬ي َ َ َ َ َّ َ ّ ْ َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َّ‬
‫بي يال َيع يال ِيم َي‬
‫ْي}ي‬ ‫يّلِلِي ير ِي‬
‫َت ي‬ ‫{ يو يم يما ِ ي‬ ‫ن}ي‬ ‫يّلِلِي َيو َيم ِنيات َيب َيع ِي‬ ‫ىه ِ ي‬ ‫جِ‬
‫تي يو ي‬ ‫س يل يم ي‬ ‫‪3: 20‬ي {ا ي‬
‫ُ ۡ‬ ‫ِيهاي َ َ‬‫َّليف َ‬ ‫عيم َِنيال ْ ُمو ِمن َ‬ ‫يو َم َّ‬ ‫ن َّن َ‬ ‫‪{ 26:118‬ي َو َ ّ‬
‫ى }ي‬ ‫ميارِ ُبيأخ ٍ ىٍ‬ ‫ِْي }ي ‪{ 20: 18‬ي َو َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫نيم ِ َ‬
‫ِِ‬
‫َ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫اَّلي}‬ ‫ع يب يدي ِي‬ ‫اَليلييأ ي‬ ‫{ يو يم ِ ي‬ ‫‪36: 22‬‬ ‫ون}‬‫َتل ِي‬ ‫وايَليفاع ِ‬ ‫{ِإَونيل ْميتوم ُِن ِ َي‬ ‫‪45: 21‬‬
‫َ ُ ْ ِ ُ ُ‬
‫َّليدِي ِي‬
‫ين}‬ ‫ك ْيمي َيو ِ َي‬ ‫ين ي‬ ‫ك يميدي ي‬ ‫‪ { 109: 6‬يل ي‬
‫ْ َ َْ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫ياۡلذفيع ْنيشاكِري‬ ‫صفيو‬ ‫جاي َو َيايع َِباد َِيييييييييييييي***يي ييييي ِ‬ ‫ايَلييُؤم ُِن ِ َي‬
‫وايبي َي‬ ‫َو َم ْيعييتؤم ُِنو ِ ي‬
‫ُ ْ َ ُ َْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫يُش َكءِييم ِْن َ‬ ‫َو َم ْع ُ َ‬
‫ليي‬
‫ۡل ي‬‫يِبلفيُليا ي‬ ‫ِينيعنيهاد ِ‬ ‫َّليد ِي‬ ‫َ‬
‫ي يي***يييييو ِ‬ ‫يو َراءِييد َّونوايييييييي‬
‫َ ّ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ك ْنيفتَك ُم ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ييفييسيس ِ‬ ‫اَل ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫يي***ييييييييييوم ِ‬ ‫حف ِص ِه ْميييييي‬ ‫َوفت ُحي‪َ 7‬و َِّليفِيهاييل ِورشييو‬
‫‪72‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 412-415, 418, 419 / Sūrat al-An˘ām: 162‬‬
‫)‪21. Yā-āt az-Zawā-id (Extra‬‬

‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ َّ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اءاتيت ُ َس ّّم َ‬ ‫‪َ َ ُ َ 73‬‬
‫يم ْعزِ ي‬
‫لي‬ ‫يالم َصاح ِِف‬
‫يخ ّ ِط َ‬ ‫يز َوائ ِ َدايْلنييييييييييييييي ي***ييييييكنيعن‬ ‫كييَ َ‬ ‫ودون‬
‫َ َُُْ َ ُ َ َ َْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُُ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ َ َّ َ ُ‬
‫انيفاعقِ ي‬
‫ل‬ ‫يو ِيفيالوص ِليَحاديشكوريإِمامهييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييييييوُجلتهايسِتونيواثن ِ‬
‫‪ Warsh reads 47 words with the‬ۦ ‪Ya-āt az-Zawā-id are 62 in total.‬‬
‫ي‪extra “yā” َ waṣlan, but deletes them waqfan, as ash-Shāṭibī states:‬‬
‫ل يي‬
‫َ‬
‫َنيوِ ي‬
‫َْ َ ْ ُْ َ َ ْ ْ ُ ّ‬
‫يت َعل َِم ِ ي‬‫ِْييمعيأن ي‬ ‫نييؤت ي‬ ‫الم َنادِييييي يييييييييييي يي***ييييييييهدِي ي‬ ‫اري ُ‬ ‫اع ْ َ‬
‫ياۡل َو ِي‬ ‫ادل ِ‬‫فَيَ ْسييإَلي َّ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُّ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َْ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ َّ‬ ‫َ َّ َ‬
‫ِليي‬ ‫تي ِيفيهوديرف ي‬ ‫غييأ ِي‬ ‫ني َسماي َويفييييي يييييييييي ***يييي يالكه ِف ي‬
‫ينب ِ ي‬ ‫يوتتب ِ َع ْي‬ ‫َنيالْسا ي‬ ‫َيوأخ ْرت ِ ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َّ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َّ‬ ‫ما َي َيو ُد ََعءِيييفي َي َ ُ ْ َ ْ‬
‫لي‬‫يحق ُهيب ِ ي‬ ‫ونيأهدِكم‬ ‫جنايحلوِيهديِهِيييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييي ييويفياتبِع ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َس ي‬
‫َ َ ْ ُ َّ َ َ َ ً َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ً‬ ‫ْ ََ َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫لييي‬ ‫يح ي‬ ‫جنا‬ ‫اعيهاكي ي‬ ‫عيادل ِ‬ ‫َني َسمايف ِريقايييييييييي ي***يييييييييييييييويد ي‬ ‫نيعن ُه ْميت ِم ُّدون ِ ي‬ ‫ِإَون ييتر ِ ي‬
‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُْ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ ََ َ ُْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ليي‬ ‫يع َّديأع َد ي‬ ‫حذف ُهمايل ِل َمازِ ِن‬ ‫نييإ ِذيه َدىييييييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييييو‬ ‫َنيم يعهيأهان ِي‬ ‫يوأكرم ِ ي‬
‫َ‬
‫لي‬
‫ْ َ َ َْ ُ ُ ُ َ‬
‫ويح ي‬ ‫اإلْسايوَتتييأخ‬ ‫ُْ َْ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫جنايهما َي‬ ‫ۡل َو ِي‬‫يَك ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َو َم ْع ي‬
‫يو يييييييييييي***ييييييي ييالمهت ِيدي ِ‬ ‫ابياْلادِيحقي ي‬
‫ََْ َ َ ّ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اني َعنْ ُهماَيييييييييييييييييييي***يييييي َيوك ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫لي‬ ‫ح َم ي‬ ‫يَل‬
‫وني ِيفياْلعرافيحج ِ‬ ‫ِيد ِي‬ ‫ني ِيفيآ ِليع ِْم َر ي‬ ‫َويفيات َب َع ْي‬
‫ي‬
‫‪Yā- Zawā-id‬ي‬ ‫‪Sūrah:‬ي‬ ‫‪Yā- Zawā-id‬ي‬ ‫‪Sūrah:#‬ي‬

‫َّ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َُ ُ‬ ‫َّ ٓ ََٰ‬
‫اع يۦٓيإِذايد ََع ِي‬
‫نف يۦ{ ي‬ ‫}ٱدل ي‬ ‫‪2: 185‬‬ ‫ول{‬ ‫اعِۖۦييق ي‬ ‫َّ‬
‫َل‪-‬ٱدل ِي‬ ‫اع يۦيإ ِ ي‬‫‪} 54:6,8‬ٱدل ِي‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ َۡ ََ‬
‫نفۦي َوقل{‬ ‫} َو َم ِنيٱت َب َع ِي‬ ‫‪3: 20‬‬ ‫نۦي َمايليۡ َس ييلكيبِهِۦي}‬ ‫سي يل ِّي‬ ‫‪{ 11: 46‬فليت‬
‫َ َّ َ َّ َ َ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ َ َّ ُ َ ۡ‬ ‫‪11:105‬ي {يَ ۡو َمييَ‬
‫ت}ي‬‫نِۖ يۦٓيأف َع َص ۡي َ ي‬ ‫}أليتتبِع ِي‬ ‫‪20: 93‬ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫}‬‫ي‬
‫ٱل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫س‬
‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ين‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫يت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ۦ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬
‫ات‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ ۡ ََۡ ُ ْ‬ ‫نيي ۡهد َّ ُ‬ ‫َل}{ َم َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َّ َ‬
‫وا}‬ ‫عي ِيدۦ‪١٤‬يوٱستفتح ي‬ ‫{ َو ِي‬ ‫ِيٱّلِلي ‪14: 14‬‬ ‫ن يۦٓيإ ِ َٰي‬ ‫{لئ ِ ۡنيأخ ۡرت ِي‬ ‫‪17: 62‬‬
‫ََ ۡ ُ ٓ‬ ‫ََُ ۡ‬
‫{ َوتق َّبليد ََع يءِۦي‪٤٠‬ي َر َّب َنا}ي‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪17: 97‬‬
‫‪14: 40‬‬ ‫فهويٱلمهت ِيدِۖۦيومن}‪ R‬ي‬ ‫‪18: 17‬ي‬
‫َ ۡ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َُۡ َ َ َ‬
‫ِيوٱْلَادِيۦي َو َمن}‬ ‫{يفِيه‬ ‫‪22: 23‬‬ ‫ب}‬‫نۦير ِ ي‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ىسيأنييهدِي ِي‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫{وقليع َٰٓ‬ ‫‪18: 24‬‬
‫َُ َ‬ ‫خۡٗ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫بيأَنييُوت َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َٰ َ ّ‬
‫{أت ِم ُّدون ِنيۦ ب ِ َميالي}‬ ‫‪27: 37‬ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫}‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬
‫ّي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ۦ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ِْي‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ير ِ َي‬ ‫‪{ 18: 39‬فعىس‬
‫َ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫لرتَ َّدا} ‪22:42r‬‬ ‫اين ۡيبغِيۦيفَ ۡ‬ ‫َ َ َ َٰ َ َ ُ َّ َ‬
‫ّيۦ}‬ ‫ك ِي‬ ‫{فك ۡيفيَكنين ِ‬ ‫{يقاليذل ِكيمايكن‬ ‫‪18: 63‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ ُ ّ‬ ‫َ ُ ّ‬
‫ونۦ‪٢٣‬يإ ِ ِ ٓي‬
‫ِن}‬ ‫{ َولييُنقِذ ِي‬ ‫‪36: 22‬‬ ‫ت}‬ ‫ايعل ِۡم َ ي‬ ‫نۦيمِم‬ ‫{أنيت َعل َِم ِي‬ ‫‪18: 65‬‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ ُ َ ّ‬
‫{ك ۡيفينذ ي‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪67: 18‬‬ ‫‪28: 34‬‬
‫ِيرِۦي}ي‬ ‫ونۦ }ي‬ ‫{أخافيأنييكذِب ِي‬
‫‪73‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 420-432 (not 421,430), 436‬‬
‫قۦييَ ۡو َيم}‬
‫ُ َ َ ۡ َ َّ َ‬
‫يٱِلل ِي‬ ‫‪َِ { 40: 14‬لنذِرييوم‬ ‫ِيَٰتي}‬
‫ُ‬
‫ابۦي َوق ُدوريي َّراس َي‬ ‫لۡل َو ِي‬ ‫‪َ { 34: 13‬ك ۡ َ‬
‫يٱِل َنا يدِۦي‪٣٢‬ييَ ۡو َيم}ي‬

‫‪40: 32‬ي {يَ ۡو َم َّ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ارِۦي ِيفيٱْلَ ۡحريِ} ي‬ ‫ٱۡل َو ي‬ ‫‪َ ۡ { 42: 32‬‬
‫ينۦي‪}٥‬‬ ‫ِدتيلَ ُ ۡ‬
‫َت يدِ ِي‬
‫َّ‬
‫ونۦي ‪{ 37: 5‬إِنيك‬ ‫ُج ِي‬ ‫ك ۡميأَنيتَ ۡر ُ ُ‬ ‫ُ ۡ ُ َّ َ َّ ُ‬
‫{عذتيبِر ِبيورب ِ‬
‫‪44: 18‬‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ ۡ ُ ُ ْ َ ۡ َ ُ‬
‫‪50: 41‬ي { ُي َنادِيٱل ُم َنادِيۦيمِني‪٤١‬ي} ي‬ ‫ونۦ}ي‬ ‫َتل ِي‬ ‫يَليفلع ِ‬ ‫ِإَونيلم ييتومِنوا ِ‬
‫‪44: 19‬ي‬
‫َ َّ ۡ َ‬ ‫‪َ { 54:16R‬ونُ ُذ يرۦ} ‪89: 4 Repeated 6 times‬‬
‫سۦ‬‫ٱَل ِليإِذايي َ ۡ ِي‬ ‫{و‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ُ ْ َّ ۡ َ َۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫بيأَك َر َ‬
‫ۡ‬
‫نۦي ‪89: 9‬ي {جابوايٱلصخريبِللوادِيۦي}ي‬ ‫نۦ‪/‬يفيَقول َ‬ ‫{ َر ّ ٓ‬
‫‪89:16‬‬
‫بيأهَٰ ِي‬ ‫ير ٓ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪89: 18‬ي‬
‫َ ُّْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ً‬ ‫‪َ ِ َّ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ 74‬‬
‫لي‬‫يس َّب ي‬ ‫جنايييييييييييييييييي***ييييييييييي َولي ْ َسايل ِقالونيع ِنيالغ ِر‬ ‫لي ي‬ ‫ِنيح ي‬ ‫اعيد ََع ِ ي‬ ‫ومعيدعوةيادل ي‬
‫ُ َْ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ً َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََُُْ َ‬
‫ليي‬
‫يحليع ي‬ ‫ِّمي يييييييييي***يييييييييي َوخِلفيالوق ِفيبْي‬ ‫حيع ْنييأوَِّليح ًي‬ ‫يويفت ي‬ ‫َويفيالَّ ْم ِلي ِ ي‬
‫آتاِن ي‬
‫‪II. Warsh reads a word with “yā” maftūḥah, waṣlan and deletes‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬
‫َٓ ى ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ ٓ َ َ َٰ َ َ ٓ ى َ َّ ُ َ ۡ ّ َّ ٓ َ َ َٰ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ُّ َ‬
‫ٍنٍۦييٱّلِليخيّيييمِماييءاتىكمي‪/‬يءٍايتٍىكمٍ} ‪waqfan:‬‬ ‫‪{.‬أت ِمدون ِنيۦيبِمالييفماييءاتيى ِنيۦيي‪/‬يءٍايتى ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُْ ْ‬ ‫قييييييييييييييييييييييييييي***يييييييي َيو َّي َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ ُ ُّ ُ َ َّ ً‬
‫ليي‬ ‫ج ّ ِه ي‬
‫في ي‬‫اْلل ِ ي‬ ‫اِلنادِيي يدرايباغِيهِيب ِ‬ ‫اِلل ِي‬ ‫اَليدره ي‬
‫يو‬ ‫و ِيفيالمتع ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪Note: (i) Warsh reads an extra yā with sukūn waṣlan and waqfan.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َۡ ُ ُ َۡۡ َ ََ ٓ َ ُ َۡ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫نت ۡميَت َزنوني‪ ٦٨‬يَٰعِ َبادِيى}‬ ‫‪{75‬يَٰعِ َبادِيىيليخ ۡوفيعليكميٱَلوميوليأ‬
‫‪(ii) Any sākin yā (waṣlan) could be followed by one of 3 letters:‬‬
‫‪1-Hamzat qaṭ˘, elongate the sākin yā to 6 ḥarakāt madd munfaṣil.‬‬
‫َۡ‬ ‫َ َّ ۡ َ‬
‫ل{ ˘‪2-Vowelled letter, other than hamzat al-qaṭ‬‬ ‫ٱَل ِليإِذايي َ ۡ ِي‬
‫سۦ‪٤‬يه ي‬ ‫‪,‬ي{و‬
‫‪elongate the sākin yā into the natural madd 2 ḥarakāt.‬‬
‫‪},‬ي َنادِيٱل ۡ ُ‬
‫يم َنادِيۦ} ‪3- Sākin letter‬‬ ‫‪ُ no elongation, rather drop the sākin yā‬‬
‫‪to prevent the meeting of 1 sākin letters between 1 words.‬‬
‫‪This concludes the lessons of Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘s recitation rules.‬‬

‫‪To recite in Warsh’s Riwāyah, you should listen to the Sheyūkh‬‬
‫‪who recite in his style, get the Muṣḥaf of Warsh, and learn with a‬‬
‫‪teacher (preferably one who has an Ijāzah).‬‬
‫‪74‬‬
‫‪Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: 436, 430, 435‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫‪Sūrat: Az-Zukhruf: 68‬‬
The Colored tajweed Muṣḥaf with Riwāyat Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘ pdf:
https://www.scribd.com/document/366225695/Mu%E1%B9%A3
%E1%B8%A5af-Warsh-Muṣḥaf
To listen to Qur-ān, recited with Riwāyat Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘, visit
https://archive.org/details/MahmoudKhalilAl-
hussaryRiwāyatWarshAnNafi/008Www.quranaudio.info.mp3
http://www.assabile.com/quran/collections/all/warsh-a-n-nafi
22. Bibliography
Ḍumrah, Tawfīq Ibrāhīm, Nailu al-Waṭṭar fil-Qirā’āt al-Arba˘
˘Ashar. Egypt: Dar as-Salām, 2015.
Al-Meṣrī, Nūr ad-Dīn ˘Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Hasan, Al-Iḍā'ah
fi Bayān usūl al-qirā-ah. Egypt: Al-Azhariyyah At-Turath, 1999.
Al-Qāḍi, ˘Abd al-Fattāḥ ibn ˘Abdul Ghaniyy ibn Muḥammad, Al-
Wāfī fi Sharḥ ash-Shāṭibiyyāh. Jeddah: Maktabah Sawādī, 1999.
At-Tamimī, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn al-˘Abbās Abu Bakr ibn
Mujāhid al-Baghdadī, Book of The Seven Qirā’āt. Egypt: Dar el-
Ma-˘Ārif 1980:
Gaibie, Muḥammad Salīm, Ghunyah at-Ṭalabah fi Taysīr as-
Sab˘ah: Maḍbūt, Western Cape South Africa, 2008
Al-Shāṭibī, al-Qāsim: Ḥirz al-Amānī wa Wajh at-Tahānī al-Fīl-
Qirā`āt as-Sab˘. Aḍ-Ḍabbā˘, ˘Ali
Group of Authors, Al-Munīr fi Aḥkām at-Tajwīd: Jam˘iyyat Al-
Muḥāfṫĥah ˘Ala al-Qurān Al-Karīm, Jordan, 2007
Gaibie, Muḥammad Salīm, The Golden Group in Teaching
Tariqai Ar-Rawḍah wa ash-Shāṭibiyyāh: Maḍbūt, Western Cape
South Africa, 2014
Aḍ-Ḍabbā˘, ˘Ali: Ṣarīh an-Naṣṣ fil Kalimāt al-Mukhtalafi fiha

˘an Ḥafṣ: Islamic library, Egypt, 2008
‫سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن ال إله إال أنت‬

‫أستغفرك وأتوب إليك‬
How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. I bear witness
that None has the right to be worshipped except You. I seek Your
forgiveness and turn to You in repentance. you find any mistakes
please email me: najaah.ummAhmad@gmail.com

INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT © 2018 Sheikha Fatma All
Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval, without prior written permission/approval
from the author/Sheikha.

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2 The Uṣūl and Farsh in Riwayat Warsh

The Tajweed Rules of

From the way of

Bismi Allāahi Ar-rahmāani Ar-rahīm

In the name of Allah, the most

Beneficent, the most Merciful

Nr. Arabic English Nr. Arabic English

4 ‫ث‬ tha 20 ‫ف‬ f

The Tajwīd Rules of Riwāyat Warsh ˘an Nāfi˘ 1

Qālūn and Warsh were among the students who preserved

2) Warsh: He is Abū Sa˘īd ˘Uthmān ibn Sa˘īd Al-Miṣrī, (110-197

1. The Basmalah Between Two Sūrahs 4

َ َ ‫يبالسيْ ِفيل َ ْس‬

(ii) Waṣl: connecting two consecutive sūrahs while applying the

3. Mīm ul-Jam˘ and its Connection with Wāw 7

4. [Al-Madd Al-Far˘ī]: Elongation 11

II. Al-Madd Al-Munfaṣil is when a madd letter precedes َ َ َ ۡ َ َ hamzat ٓ َ َٰٓ َ

2 madd far˘ī, (waṣlan and waqf( al-līn ul-mahmūz and al-badal.

Al-Lāzim Al-Muttaṣil Al-Munfaṣil

6 ḥarakāt 6 ḥarakāt 6 ḥarakāt

4-6 ḥarakāt 2,4,6ḥarakāt 2,4,6ḥarakāt

5. The Pronoun Hā al-Kināyah 12

(ii) Warsh Reads Some Hā Al-Kināyah Differently From Ḥafṣ

Ḥafṣ reads, Warsh reads, Note Sūrah:#

6. Rules of a Single Hamzah in a Word 15

‫‪(a) waṣlan, Ḥafṣ‬‬ ‫‪(b) waṣlan, Warsh (c) Starting‬‬ ‫‪Sūrah:#‬‬

‫‪The sākin hamzah‬‬ ‫يفعل ‪Root-Scale‬‬ ‫‪Change it to a madd‬‬

The word will be hard to pronounce, heavy on the tongue if the

Hamzah maftūḥah The Fā of scale ‫فعل‬ Change to wāw

Warsh Makes Both Ibdāl and Tas-hīl of Some Hamazāt

2- A hamzah maksūrah preceded by a ḍammah with tas-hīl of the

‫‪Warsh Makes Tas-hīl (Softens) of Some Hamazāt‬‬

‫‪Warsh Deletes the Hamzah in Some Words‬‬

‫‪7. Two Consecutive Hamzahs In A Word 23‬‬

‫صلي‬ ّ ُ ‫ج َه‬ َ ‫كونيال ْ َوقْ ِف‬

8. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar) 25

‫‪9. 2 Adjacent Hamzahs Between 2 Words 28‬‬

Rule 1: The 2 adjacent hamzahs in 2 words have an opposite

(A) When The 2 Hamzahs Differ In Their Ḥarakāt

When the 2 Hamzahs Agree in Their Ḥarakāt

Special cases: In addition to tas-hīl and ibdāl, Warsh adds an

10. An-Naql of Hamzah’s Vowel Between 2 Words 31

d-The identification article (al at-Ta˘rīf), is a separate word. The

Note: The rule of preventing the meeting of 2 sākin letters

11. Fatḥ and Taqlīl of The Alifs of Dthawāt ul-yā 34

Madd ul-badal Dthawāt ul-yā Dthawāt ul-yā

Put the verb in the first-person singular past-tense form, by

‫‪No taqlīl of any alif of a thulāthī noun or verb originating from‬‬

‫ٍيسٍ} ‪Dthāt yā Fi˘lā with kasrah on fā‬‬ ‫ٍاهمٍ–ٍضٍي ى‬

Taqlīl Waṣlan & Waqfan, regardless of madd ul-badal’s length.

َّ -َ‫ ۡٱلك ِفرين‬-َ‫ {كفِرين‬Dthāt ur-Rā ending with alif maqṣūrah

12. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (III) Allīn Al-mahmūz

In Madd al-līn al-mahmūz a līn letter and hamza qaṭ˘ appear in

2-Tawassuṭ 2 badal {‫{ءادم‬

3-Tawassuṭ 2 badal {‫{ءاديم‬

13. [Al- Madd Al-Far˘ī] (IV). Madd ul-Badal 39

3 Forms of Madd ul-Badal Almughayyar/Changeable

Ibdāl Switching: (2) Madd ul-badal that changed with Ibdāl

Tas-hīl, softness, (3) Madd ul-badal that changed with Tas-hīl 41

There are 5 Exceptions of Madd ul-Badal

1-Any madd badal that is preceded by a sākin ṣaḥīḥ letter in the

converted hamzat ul-waṣl. This verb will be switched to a word

(iii) Warsh reads madd ul-badal of 2 words in 2 ways: normally

Relation Between Madd Ul-badal and Dthawāt Ul-yā