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Key Vocabulary
Terms
Supplementary Words
In an mRNA molecule, a
sequence of three
nucleotides (UUA, UAG, and
UGA) that does not encode
an amino acid and therefore
stops protein synthesis
Chapter 13
Section 3:
RNA and Gene Expression
Notes
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Central Dogma
–DNA makes more DNA by ____________
Replication
DNA = deoxyribose
RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways:
3rd, RNA nucleotides have a nitrogenous
base called uracil (U)
6
Transcription: Reading the Gene
During transcription,
the information in a
specific region of DNA
(a gene) is transcribed,
or copied, into mRNA.
Transcription: Reading the Gene
Transcription is carried
out by a enzyme called
RNA polymerase.
2
Transcription: Reading the Gene
RNA polymerase
moves along the
bases on the DNA
strand and adds
complementary
RNA bases as it
“reads” the DNA
of the gene.
Transcription: Reading the Gene
As RNA polymerase
moves down the
DNA strand, a
single strand of
mRNA grows.
Transcription: Reading the Gene
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The Genetic Code: Three-Letter
“Words”
4th,
7th
The Genetic Code: Three-Letter
“Words”
5th
Codons in mRNA
Translation: RNA to Proteins
• Translation
– occurs in a sequence of steps,
– involves three kinds of RNA
– results in a complete polypeptide (protein).