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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The discoveries and inventions of past generation had unlocked the world

of unknown and brought mankind to its capabilities. Agriculture, as one of the

sectors of the Government, which provides not only our daily consumption on food

but also an essential part of our economy, according to statistics, Agriculture plays

a significant role in the Philippine economy. Involving about 40 percent of Filipino

workers, it contributes an average of 20 percent to the Gross Domestic Product.

This output comes mainly from agribusiness, which in turn accounts for about 70

percent of the total agricultural output (CIDA-LGSP, 2003). The main agricultural

enterprise is crop cultivation. Others are chicken broiler production, including

operation of chicken hatcheries (20.4 percent), agricultural services (19.8 percent),

and hog farming (18.4 percent) (NSO, 2002).

On the other hand, world’s population continues to increase over time and

the consumption and demand of food as well as the garbage (Bio-biodegradable

and Non-biodegradable) has augmented globally. Bohol is a first-income class

island province which focuses on eco-tourism. The Government emphasizes on

the preservation of our natural resources of the island, furthermore Bohol is one of

the focal point agriculture in terms of exporting coconuts. However the fertilizers

nowadays are more chemically-based rather than being organic. In view of these
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studies, the researchers come up with the idea of testing and operating a Bio-waste

Crusher with Pulverizer that crushes damped and dry bio-wastes into the heater

that dries and eliminates the moisture of the load and then shred and break down

into tiny pieces so that it can be utilized as a fertilizer.

This study is the continuation of the research study of batch 2009-2010, in

which the researchers develop a machine that can crush Bio-degradable by-

products into pieces in order to speed up the decomposition of the Bio-degradable

by-products and amplify its fertilizing element. In their study the Bio- degradable

wastes were crushed but it was not enough to be a fertilizer, rather their finish

product was flakes of wastes.

As their successors, we the researchers want to persist and continue what

they had started. We want to produce a machine that crushes not only the dry Bio-

degradable wastes but also the damp and wet ones that can be fertilizers except

the feces.

This machine can be possible through a heater extractor that accumulates

the moisture content of the load and after the entire moisture content is being

extracted it can be crushed and later on be pulverized, that finished product will be

the fertilizer.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The impact of improper wastes management in our locality is extremely

affecting. Segregating our wastes from Bio-Degradable to Recyclable isn’t enough

to control the increasing rate of the waste. This can lead to destruction of our
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environment, especially in agriculture, it can also lead to a discovery of unknown

diseases and the worst if not seriously given an attention it can harm and

jeopardize the future of humanity.

The idea of Reusing, Reducing, and Recycling is a known practice that

already exist. There are thousands of ways in helping the environment. There are

conventional ways on how to reuse, reduce and recycle wastes but the widespread

and popular way is decomposing it on a compost pits, which is very not suitable

these days because it may take a year time to fully decompose Bio-wastes.

On the contrary in the field the field of Agriculture, farmers nowadays use

chemically-based sprayers and fertilizers to their crops that can harm the animals

as well as the human. Harmful chemicals that the land absorbs can cause the land

to be barren and unable to produce good harvest.

The researchers want to solve the problem on how to accelerate the

decomposition of the bio-wastes at the same time utilizing it to be an excellent

organic fertilizer that can help the farmer in our province. Study is limited to the

fabrication and modification of the Bio-waste Crusher, its functionality and

acceptability in the society; its efficiency and effectiveness in the Agriculture.

1.3 Objectives

1. The general objective of the study is to pulverize the bio-waste that is fed

into the bio-waste crusher with pulverizer.

2. Help reduce and accelerate the decomposition of the Bio-degradable

wastes.
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3. To design and fabricate Bio-waste Crusher with Pulverizer or BCP machine;

4. To help agriculturists cultivate their products in good and healthy condition;

5. With the use of Bio-waste crusher with pulverizer, we can produce the

society another source of income;

6. Improve the quality of the crop, as well as the lives of the farmers.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The core of the study will return to the benefit of society taking into account

that biodegradable waste assimilation is rich in mineral and can be used as

agricultural fertilizer or soil conditioner.

The Bio-waste Crusher with Pulverizer machine is able to convert solid

biodegradable waste into fertilizer that would be a great aid in providing the farmers

additional and instant source of fertilizer sustenance to their crops.

With the use of this charitable machine we can lessen the problem faced by

the society in solid waste. This machine is a great help to minimize the country’s

large piles of bio-waste and be able to decompose it swiftly, in much shorter extent,

for the aim of an unsoiled and healthy sanctuary to live in.

Certainty, the invention of this machine enabled the economy to rise.

Traders are making more money while the farmer’s harvest is much more in

demand in the market owing to its good condition. Firmly, consumers are satisfied

of the products produce.

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In our part as the researcher of this study, we will not just help the

community but also to improve our knowledge and skills in designing; intensify our

capabilities, discipline, perseverance and fortitude as future engineers.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope the study is to improve, redesign and fabricate the previous bio-

waste crusher into bio-waste crusher with pulverizer. It also incorporates

determining the materials needed in fabricating; the position of the heater and the

pulverizer on the Bio-waste Crusher with Pulverizer; the temperature required to

dry the bio-wastes as well as the speed of the fan within the machine; the designing

of pulverizer’s blades; the load supply of the machine; it’s adaptability and

efficiency in the society; it’s impact to the environment; and the price of the

materials needed.

The limitation of the study is to pulverize and minimize the bio-waste. The

machine crushes the garden waste, farming waste however it excludes animal by-

products, feces, food waste and biomedical wastes; the study is limited only of the

production of organic fertilizer from bio-wastes aforementioned above. The

researchers will design only the mechanism and the parts on drying chamber that

will dry the load (Bio-waste) while the pulverizer will be purchased according to the

availability of the material in our locality that is responsible in the pulverization of

the crushed bio wastes.

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1.6 Theoretical Background

1.6.1 Moisture Content

Moisture content, also referred to as the water content, is an indicator of

the amount of water present in a sample. By definition, moisture content is the ratio

of the mass of water or moisture in a sample to the mass of solids in the sample,

expressed as a percentage. In equation form,

𝑚𝑠 −𝑚𝑤
𝑀= ∗ 100%
𝑚𝑠

where:

M= moisture content

mw= mass of water or moisture in a given sample , initial mass of moist

object minus the mass of dried sample

m s= mass of solid in a sample,

According to a practical handbook developed by R. Govett et al, there are

several common methods in which the moisture content of a given sample is

routinely estimated. Some of these methods namely, oven-drying method,

determining moisture content using microwave oven, determining moisture content

using electric moisture meter, and determining moisture content using specialized

devices are the common ways to determine moisture content and can only be

applied to untreated chemically biomass.

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1.6.2 Heat Transfer

Heat transfer according to J.P. Holman, is the science which seeks to

predict the energy transfer which may take place between material bodies as a

result of a temperature difference. Heat transfer changes the internal energy of

both systems involved.

1.6.2.1 Convection

Convection is possibly the most common mode of drying particulate or

sheet-form or pasty solids. It is the transfer of heat from one place to another by

the movement of fluids. Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in

liquid and gases.

𝑞 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎 )

Where:

q= heat transfer rate

h= convection heat transfer coefficient

Ts= temperature surface

Ta= temperature of the air

1.7.2.2 Conduction

Conduction or indirect dryers are more appropriate for thin products or for

very wet solids. Heat for evaporation is supplied through heated surfaces
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(stationary or moving) placed within the dryer to support, convey, or confine the

solids.

𝜑𝑇
𝑞 = 𝑘𝐴 𝜑𝑥

Where:

q= heat transfer

k =thermal conductivity of the material

φT/φx = temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow

A= Area

1.6.2.2 Radiation

Various sources of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging

from the solar spectrum to microwave (0.2m–0.2 mm). Solar radiation barely

penetrates beyond the skin of the material, which absorbs only a part of the incident

radiation depending on its wavelength.

1.6.3 Mechanism of Drying

Moisture in a solid may be either unbound or bound. Moisture content of

a substance which exerts as equilibrium vapour pressure less than of the pure

liquid at the same temperature is referred to as bound moisture while moisture

content of the solid which enters an equilibrium vapour pressure equal to that of

pure liquid at the given temperature is the unbound moisture.

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There are two methods of removing unbound moisture: evaporation and

vaporization. Evaporation occurs when the vapor pressure of the moisture on the

solid surface is equal to the atmospheric pressure. This is done by raising the

temperature of the moisture to the boiling point. This kind of phenomenon occurs

in roller dryers. If the material dried is heat sensitive, then the temperature at which

evaporation occurs, that is, the boiling point, could be lowered by lowering the

pressure (vacuum evaporation). If the pressure is lowered below the triple point,

then no liquid phase can exist and the moisture in the product is frozen. The

addition of heat causes sublimation of ice directly to water vapor as in the case of

freeze drying. Second, in vaporization, drying is carried out by convection, that is,

by passing warm air over the product. The air is cooled by the product, and

moisture is transferred to the air by the product and carried away. In this case the

saturation vapor pressure of the moisture over the solid is less than the

atmospheric pressure.

1.6.3.1 Drying Equipment

1.6.3.1.1 Tray Dryer

Tray dryers usually operate in batch mode, use racks to hold product and

circulate air over the material. It consists of a rectangular chamber of sheet metal

containing trucks that support racks. Each rack carries a number of trays that are

loaded with the material to be dried.

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1.6.3.1.2 Pan Dryer

The atmospheric pan drier has a jacketed round pan in which a stirrer or mill

revolves slowly, driven from below. The slow moving stirrer exposes fresh surfaces

and thereby raises the rate of evaporation and, hence, of drying. The pan drier is

a batch machine and is limited to small batches. Pan driers may be used first to

evaporate a solution to its crystallizing concentration and then can function as a

crystallizer by sending cold water instead of steam into the jacket. The effect of the

stirrer during crystallization prevents the growth of large crystals and promotes

formation of small, uniform crystals. The mother liquor is then drained off and the

crystals dried in the same apparatus.

1.6.3.1.3 Agitated Vacuum Dryer

The agitated vacuum dryer is one of the most versatile in the range and is

similar in principle to a pan dryer. The dryer essentially consists of a jacketed

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cylindrical vessel arranged for hot water, steam or a suitable thermal fluid flow

through the jacket for heating. Doors are provided on the shell, at the top for loading

the feed material and at the bottom for discharging. The dryers are available in

variety of sizes. The entire drying chamber is well machined to insure small

clearance with the agitator blade.

1.6.3.2 Continuous Dryer

1.6.3.2.1 Rotary Dryer

The rotary drier is basically a cylinder, inclined slightly to the horizontal,

which may be rotated, or the shell may be stationary, and an agitator inside may

revolve slowly. In either case, the wet material is fed in at the upper end, and the

rotation, or agitation, advances the material progressively to the lower end, where

it is discharged.

1.7.3 Pulverizer

A pulverizer machines are used to smash materials into tiny shards or

granules.
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1.7.4 Conveyor

A screw type conveyor or auger conveyor is a mechanism that uses a

rotating helical screw that is installed within a tube or trough, to move liquid or

granular materials. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally

or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food

waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and

bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others. The researchers will use the

screw type conveyor of the previous study.

1.7.5 Sifter

A sifter is a device used to separate wanted elements from unwanted

material or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample, typically

using a woven screen such as a mesh or net or metal. For this study, the

researchers the vibro-sifter which separates finely pulverized particles of bio-waste

from the larger ones.

1.7.6 Crusher

Crushers are devices that are designed to decrease the size of larger

objects by using force to reducing the objects into a smaller and more compact

volume.
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1.7.7 Electric Motor

The electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy to

mechanical energy. Electric motors are essentially inverse generators: a current

through coils of wire causes some mechanical device to rotate. The core principle

underlying motors is electromagnetic induction. By Ampere’s law, the current

induces a magnetic field, which can interact with another magnetic field to produce

a force, and that force can cause mechanical motion. Like generators, electric

motors consist of a stator and a rotor and the three ingredients: electric current,

magnetic fields, and something rotating.

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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

2.1 Organic Fertilizer

Organic fertilizers are by-products of everyday life, such as manure and

plant refuse. They provide a slow-release form of nutrients that stay in the soil

longer. According to George Silva (2013), an educator, organic fertilizers has to

decompose before the nutrients are available to plants. Organics compared to

synthetic fertilizers are slower because they have to be broken down by soil

microorganisms in order to feed plants. Organic fertilizer has to essentially

decompose before the nutrients are available to plants. This process can take 2 to

6 weeks depending on many factors including soil temperature and moisture levels.

While organic fertilizers release nitrogen, potassium, potash and a slew of

micronutrients to your plants, the most significant action is the activation of soil life.

The National Gardening Organization defines organic fertilizers as

kinder, gentler way to give plants the nutrients they need. Other benefits for using

organic fertilizers over synthetics are:

 They release their nutrients more slowly in the soil, when the plants need

them, so they last longer.

 The nutrients are contained in complex molecules that won’t leach away

with the first rain.

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 They are less likely to burn the young roots of seedlings. Synthetic fertilizers

are made from mineral salts that can kill roots as well as soil microbes if

applied improperly.

 They enhance soil health by nurturing (or at least not harming) the soil

microbes that help make soil nutrients available to plants.

2.2 Bio-wastes

The Friends of the Earth Organization (2004) defines bio-waste as a form

of biomass. It is a waste material capable of decomposing under anaerobic or

aerobic conditions. Commercial and household sources of bio-waste include

forestry and agricultural residues, animal waste and manure, sewage sludge and

commercial food waste, kitchen scraps and garden waste, paper and cardboard,

as well as natural textiles.

According to Silvino Q. Tejada (1998), the country have been facing

serious problems regarding proper management of waste disposal and according

to the National Solid Waste Management Commission of the Philippines, the entire

country generates at least 40,000 tons of biodegradable waste daily. With the

Philippines gaining recognition all over Asia for achievements in organic farming,

the Department of Agriculture is ramping up efforts to popularize the use of bio-

fertilizers, particularly through composting as a community activity.

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2.2.1 Decomposition of Bio-wastes

Tons of bio-waste is obtained per year from animals and also tons of

waste produced from dead plants, dead animals, municipal waste, food waste and

house garbage etc. In general, this waste disposes off and cause pollution to the

environment. Friends of the Earth (2004) stated that there are different forms and

mixes of bio-wastes and how it is best used depends on many factors. Moreover,

waste management technology of the world today becomes more aggressive on

how to convert these bio-wastes to its finest utilization. Such as:

 Composting- Composting is a biological decomposition in aerobic and

thermophilic conditions (at or above 70 degrees centigrade).

 Anaerobic Digestion- Anaerobic digestion is similar to composting but

takes place in the absence of oxygen. The process produces a soil

conditioner and turns most of the carbon dioxide emissions into methane

which it then burns to generate energy.

 Mass-burn incineration- Incineration is the combustion of waste at high

temperatures.

 Pyrolysis and gasification- These are thermal technologies like

incineration: they use high temperatures to break down carbon-based

wastes. The pyrolysis process degrades waste to produce char (or ash),

pyrolysis oil and synthetic gas (called syngas). The gasification process

then breaks down the hydrocarbons left into a syngas using a controlled

amount of oxygen.
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2.3 Bio-waste Drying

According to AJ Garcia et. al (2005), biodegradable waste including meat

waste, fish waste, fruit and vegetable waste, restaurant waste and household

waste were analyzed and determined its compositions and most importantly its

moisture content. The analyzed bio-waste presented high moisture content which

ranged from 60% to 90%. Drying which commonly describes the process of

thermally extracting volatile substance (moisture) from a given samples to yield a

solid product is necessary.

The controlled moisture in loose chemical combination forms currently as

a liquid solution within the solid. When a moist solid is subjected to thermal drying,

the following two processes occur synchronously:

 .Transfer of energy (mostly as heat) from the surrounding environment to

evaporate the surface moisture

 Transfer of internal moisture to the surface of the solid and its subsequent

evaporation due to the previous process

The separation operation of drying converts a solid, semisolid, or liquid

waste into a solid product by evaporation of the liquid into a vapor phase through

application of heat.

2.3.1 Determination of Moisture Content

The moisture contained in a wet solid or liquid solution exerts a vapor

pressure to an extent depending upon the nature of moisture, the nature of solid,
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and the temperature. There are different methods in determining the moisture

content of a given sample (bio-waste), the oven drying method, determining

moisture content using microwave oven, electric moisture meter and using

specialized devices.

2.3.1.1 Oven Drying Method

In oven drying method, the sample is heated under specified conditions,

and the loss of weight is used to calculate the moisture content of the sample. The

amount of moisture determined is highly dependent on the type of oven used,

conditions within the oven and the time and temperature of drying.

According from a citation of Sylvain Volpe and Lars Eliasson, the oven

drying method is slow and may sometimes not be concluded before the sampled lot

is combusted. This increases the risk of inefficient combustion and reduces the

value of moisture content determination.

Any oven method used to evaporate moisture has as its foundation the

fact that the boiling point of water is 100◦C; however, this considers only pure water

at sea level. Moisture removal is sometimes best achieved in a two-stage process.

Particle size, particle size distribution, sample sizes, and surface area during drying

influence the rate and efficiency of moisture removal.

2.3.1.2 Determining Moisture Content using a Microwave Oven

A microwave oven may be used in determining the moisture content of

particulate sample (wood). The edge of the procedure in using a microwave oven is
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that the test is relatively quick, typically requiring only about ten to fifteen minutes to

perform.

2.3.1.3 Determining Moisture Content Using Electric Moisture Meter

In this method, an electric moisture meter is used in determining the

moisture content of the biomass. Electric moisture meters are reasonably priced,

portable, quick and easy to use, and already have widespread use in the forest

industry and the building trades.

2.3.1.4 Determining Moisture Content Using Specialized Devices

In this method, commercially produced bench-top devices made for the

express purpose of moisture measurement is used. These devices require a small

sample that is tested in the machine.

2.5 Pulverization

Pulverization, according to The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979), in

engineering, defines as the fine crushing of a solid material (to particle of less than

5mm). Methods of pulverization include crushing, impact and grinding;

compressive strain and shear are very important in these process.

The indexes of machine productivity for pulverization include not only the

weight but also the coarseness of the initial material and of the product. In order to
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increase the production of the machine and reduce the repulverization of the

material, the process is often carried in a closed cycle with a sorting device (sifter).

The attainment of finely crushed product is separated from the material unloaded

from the machine, and the course material returned to the pulverizer.
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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

The objective of this research is to redesign and fabricate the previous study

about the Bio-waste Crusher, some parts of the machine are to be modified and to

be added. In this chapter, step by step process and designing will be elaborated

and explained, also the following sections will present the getting of outputs as well

as the performance of the machine.

3.2 Design of Bio-waste Crusher with Pulverizer (BCP)

3.2.1 Thresher

The researchers used wire loop type thresher in order to separate the bulky

waste as well as the damped waste into pieces before it goes to the (dryer) screw

type conveyor. In this way it is easy to dry and the heat will penetrate in the Bio-

waste.

3.2.2 Screw type conveyor

A screw type conveyor is utilized in this process of drying, though this

conveyor was no longer changed and modified since it is functional. A screw type
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conveyor is used because it can bring the bio-waste upside down as it moves along

and therefore suitable for drying. Furthermore in this process the belt speed, the

rotation as well as the temperature is solved in Appendix (A).

3.2.3 Control in Temperature

In this section, researchers used the Arduino Uno. It is a microcontroller

board based on the ATmega 328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins

(of which 6 can be used as PMW outputs), 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz quartz crystal,

a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. The

temperature induced also depends on the moisture content of a bio-waste. The

researchers will calculate the moisture content of the Bio-wastes specifically,

garden and farming wastes, and from the gathered data of moisture is tabulated in

Appendix B. The researchers will determine the temperature that will be induced.

3.2.4 Sensor

A MAX6675 + K type thermocouple is used. It is a sensor that can measure

temperature over a 1000 degree Celsius. The said thermocouple will be placed

over the screw type conveyor in order to read the temperature inside the chamber

that dries the Bio-wastes.

(Insert Programme Code for Thermocouple)

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3.2.5 Heating Element

In this study, the most appropriate heating element is the Band heater. A

Band heater can be installed inside or outside a cylindrical surface. In our case,

the previous study uses a cylindrical shape chamber, therefore, a band heater will

be utilized. In addition, a band heater has an operating temperature up to 650℃ at

maximum.

3.2.6 Exhaust Vent

A damp wastes have moisture and since it is heated inside a drying

chamber, the researchers add and modify the chamber by putting vents which

serves as an exit of the evaporated moisture from the dried wastes. Furthermore

this vent helps for faster drying of the chamber and prevents it from accumulating

moisture that can corrode the metal.

3.2.7 Crusher Blade

The crusher blade of this research study is not replace since it is also

functional. In this stage, the dried bio-wastes will be crush through this high torque

blade. It breaks and crushes wastes into pieces before it goes in the final stage of

pulverizing.
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3.2.8 Pulverizer

The blades of the pulverizer in this study is purchased. The researchers

purchased a commercial pulverizing blades that can pulverized the crushed garden

and farming bio-wastes.

3.2.9 Sifter

This feature in the study is very useful, sifter are used in separating large

particles from the smaller one or vice versa, since there are difference in textures

as well as sizes, then the presence the presence of sifter is very efficient. There

are three layers of sifter that will be utilized in this research, if the size is

unsatisfying, a return line is used back to the pulverizer to be pulverized in desired

size. Sifter also serves as the size identifier in the pulverized bio-wastes.

3.3 Assembly of Bio-waste Crusher with Pulverizer (BCP)

There were only addition in the previous research in order to preserve

the work of the previous researchers. The researchers were designing the drying

chamber, and the pulverizer for the Bio-waste crusher. Before the load (the bio-

wastes) goes to the conveyor, it is dried and heated in a required temperature so

that it will be easy to crush and later on be pulverized. The drying chamber

comprises the galvanized iron “G.I.” sheet; the heating element Band Heater; the

thermocouple; the micro-controller temperature “Arduino Uno”; and thresher.

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The galvanized iron “G.I.” sheet that served as a compartment for the

wastes that is to be dried. It is where the load will be heated. Inside this

compartment was the heating element that will be connected to a switch in order

to dry the load. The external part of the machine was insulated by an insulating

material. On the other hand, thresher served as a useful mechanism in order to

separate properly the bulky wastes as it dries inside the dying chamber. An exhaust

vent is used by the researchers to remove unwanted moisture in the load, since

this process involves drying, thus there will be moisture. The researchers are also

concerned with the temperature induced by the heating element and the minimum

temperature required to dry the load, the researchers used the thermocouple that

will read and determine the temperature inside this drying chamber, and the

thermocouple is placed on the top part of the drying chamber. The required

temperature of the wastes in order to remove the moisture and if the required

temperature is reached the micro-controller will be programmed to stop the

operation of drying.

After the wastes are dried, the wastes is conveyed to the crusher using

the screw-type conveyor to the crusher. The crusher will breakdown the wastes

into tiny pieces or so in to flakes in which the decomposition of the wastes in order

it is easy to be pulverized. The pulverizing involves two-stage process namely:

pulverizing and sifting. The load that has been crushed is now subjected to the

pulverizer wherein the crushed bio-wastes is even broken into finer pieces to

achieve the state of being pulverized. After in this stage the load that has been

pulverized is being sifted sing the one-layered sifter designed to separate the
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smaller particles from finer particles. The pulverizer and the sifter is placed below

the crusher.

This new product of the researchers will be utilized as an organic

fertilizer that will help not only to reduce and minimum the wastes but also to help

minimum wage farmers, crop cultivators and the Filipinos who are in the field of

agriculture.
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3.4 Design of the Bio-waste Crusher With Pulverizer

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3.5 Procedures in Testing

1. The researchers collected an ample amount of Bio-wastes particularly;

farming waste and garden wastes and weighed afterwards.

2. Turn on the drying chamber.

3. Gradually feed the wastes in a slow manner enough to occupy ½ of the

space inside.

4. The load that has been fed is dried in a specific amount of temperature and

time.

5. After the load has been dried and the micro-controller will immediately stop

the operation and it will be conveyed to the crusher by the screw- type

conveyor.

6. Before it goes to the crusher the researchers weighed the dried load to

determine the moisture content that has been extracted.

7. The crusher blade is connected to a motor by a belt where the load is

crushed.

8. Right after the load has been crushed it is immediately pulverized and sifted.

9. Seven trials were made by the researchers to see the variation the behavior

as well as the performance and efficiency of the Bio- waste Crusher with

pulverizer.
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3.6 Determining the performance and the effectivity of the Bio-waste Crusher

with Pulverizer

To determine the performance of the BCP the researchers will based

on the results of the following data:

1. The electric consumption of the machine.

2. The weight of the pulverized Bio-waste it produces in a period of time.

3. The number of hours it operates in day.

3.7 Diagram in designing the Bio-wastes Crusher with Pulverizer

Determining the Parts

and Functions

Selecting Materials

Simulation of the
Machine

Is the Simulation NO
successful?

YES

Fabricating and
Assemling the Machine

Testing and adjusting

Results and
Recommendations