Biology Revison

Genetics

DNA:

 A nucleic acid which is made up of nucleotides

 Organisms contain cells.
 Most organisms have billions but some only have one.
 Cells contain a nucleus which is the cell's control centre.
 Within the nucleus are chromosomes which carry genetic information.
 Within species, the number if chromosomes is usually the same. Humans have 46
chromosomes.
 Chromosomes contain tightly coiled strands of DNA, which is a molecule made up of
nucleotides. DNA strands are only made of a few different nucleotides. The sequence of
nucleotides determines the genetic code of things.
 A segment of DNA is called a gene, which determines a specific trait.
 DNA molecules are composed of billions of atoms

Evolution:

Evidence for evolution

 All organisms are relates and share a common ancestor

 Evolution is processed by natural processes

INDEPENDENT LINES OF EVIDENCE

 Comparative anatomy –
 Fossil record
 DNA Comparisons

e.g. anatomy of the whale

Charactetistics

 Placenta
 Warm blooded
 No gills
 Deviled lungs
 Blowhole may have been nose
 Hair
 Arm, wrist, finger, hand bones
 Pair of bones where his legs should be

*These features are mammal-like and suggests whales may have come from land mammals.

Fossilisation