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Faculty of Engineering Irrigation and
Hydraulic Department Nov., 2014

Hydrogeological Characteristics (Exercise- 1 )

Question 1:
A) Put (x) or(~) and correct the wrong sentence:
1- Aquifers yield water more than aquitards,
2- Aquifuge gives wter more than aquiclude, .
3- N:ydraulic conduc ·vity in unconfined aquifer is calculated by multiplying
transmissivity by e total aquifer thickness,
4- Specific storage is less than specific yield,
5- Intrinsic permeability has dimensions [ Lff]
6- Water potential head is defined as p/y, and
7- Specific yield is calculated by dividing specific storage by saturated thickness.

B ) Compare between the followirtg items (state at least three points of comparison)
- Confined and unconfined aquifers,
- Hydraulic conductivity and permeability,
- Pore velocity and Darcy velocity,
- Specific yield and storage coefficient, and
- Cone of depression in sand and in silt.

Problem 2: ;:p;,$".Y~
~:.
If the hydraulic conductivity in the Zone A, in the shown figure is 1o·6 rn/sec. If the medium
is isotropic and heterogeneous and no flow is added to or lost from the system, which means
that inflow equals outflow. Determine the average hydraulic conductivity in the flow
direction for the equivalent to homogeneous anisotropic medium.

h=SOm h=65m h=SOm h=25m

inflow outflow
) A
•
3.0m 4.5m 6.0m
0

Prof. Dr. Sherif M.A. El-Didy, Irrigation and Hydraulic Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
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·-cairo Ulllversify - ·-:--- - - Post Graduate -

Faculty of Engineering
Irrigation and Hydra.ulic Department Nov., 2014

Hydrogeological Characteristics (Exercise- 1) ... continued

Question 3:
A-The intrinsic permeability (k) of a consolidated rock is 2. 75 x 10- 11 cm2 . What is the
2
·hydraulic conductivi11' if the kinematic viscosity ( v) is 0.014 cm /sec. ( g = 980 cm/ sec2 )

B- If t•he horizontal and the vertical hydraulic conductivi~ in a soil layer are 40 m/day and
3. 0 m/day, respectively. Calculate the hydraulic conductivity at an angle 30° with the
horizontal one.

C- The grain-size characteristics of a soil are given ih the following table. Assume the porosity n=
0.4, specific weighty= 9.789 k. N/m3 andµ =l.002 x 10·3 N. s/m 2 at 20 °C

Grain size, d 4.760 2.000 0.840 0.420 0.250 0.149 0.074

(mm)
% finer 96.0 80.0 52.0 38.0 25.0 12.0 5.0

Calculate the Hydraulic conductivity using the equations ofKozeny-Carman and Figure 15
for loose and dense soil

Question 4~

(1)

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""
~ confined aquifer haJ hydraulic conductivity 50 m/day and porosity 20%. The aquifer - -
thickness is 30 m. Pie~ometric head in wells 1 and 2 is 55m and 50 m. Distance between the
two wells is 1000 m. ~etermine:
a- Seepage velocity, and pore velocity,
b- The rate of flow through the aquifer for width of one kilometer, and
c- Time for water to travel 9 kilometers.
.
0

Question 5: .
Calculate the discharge per m2 across the clay layer where the vertical hydraulic
conductivity of the clay layer is 10-5 m/sec. Which direction is the flow? . .

2
Prof. Dr. Sherif M.A. El-Didy, Irrigation and Hydraulic Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
 ..
--· -f: -·- ·- carrounlversity- - Post Graduate_______. - - ·---
Faculty of Engineering
Irrigation and Hydraulic Department Nov., 2014
====================--======================
Hydrogeol~gical Characteristics (Exercise- 1 ) ... continued
t
----- ·H .__ . .....

Confining Layer
I 10m

lOOm Aquifer 95m

Datum

Question 6:
Determine the flow direction and calculate the hydraulic gradient and the flow rate per
kilometer in a confined aquifer of thickness 103 m and hydraulic conductivity 1 lm/day.
Three observation wells A, B, and Cat the shown distanc.e s give heads 150m, 140m, and
130m, respectively.

50m

lOOm

0
A

Question 7:
In an area of 1.2 million m 2 , volume of 950 000 m3 of water was pumped with drop in water
level 4.5 m. Calculate specific retention for porosity 0.32

Question 8:
7
Specific storage ( Ss) of a confined aquifer is 9x 10- • How much water has been taken
from
area 107 m 2 due to drop 6.5 m if the aquifer thickness is 65 m.

Question 9:
4
The storage coefficient of a confined aquifer determined from a pumping test is 4xl0 at a
location where the aquifer thickness is 33 m. How much water will be released by the
aquifer with a drop in head of 21 m at a site in the same aquifer where thickness changes to
21 m (Calculations are for area of 1.0 km2)

3
Prof. Dr. Sherif M.A. El-Did~ Irrigation and Hydraulic Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University