LTE Functionalities and Features Overview

LTE Radio Parameters RL40

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Contents

1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview

2. Parameters Structure & SIBs
3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access
4. UE State Handling
5. Bearer Management
6. Admission Control
7. Power Control & Power Setting
8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding
9. MIMO Mode Control
10. Idle Mode Mobility
11. Connected Mode Mobility
12. Scheduler
13. SON
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LTE/EPC Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS
eNB
Mobility
Management
Entity Policy &
S6a Charging Rule
Function
MME S10
X2
S7 Rx+
PCRF
S11

S1-U S5/S8 SGi

PDN
LTE-Uu Serving PDN
Evolved Node B
Gateway Gateway
(eNB)
LTE-UE
S-GW /P-GW

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LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface

(E)-RRC User PDUs .. User PDUs LTE-Uu interface

PDCP
• Air interface of LTE
RLC
• Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in
TS 36.300
UL
MAC
eNB
• FDD and TDD duplex methods
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
• Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently
20 MHz
LTE-Uu
X2 interface
X2-UP
(User Plane) • Inter eNB interface
X2-CP
(Control Plane) • X2AP: special signalling protocol
User PDUs
• Functionalities:
TS 36.423 X2-AP GTP-U
X2 – For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
SCTP UDP
TS 36.422
TS 36.424 handover and provide data forwarding.
IP IP
– In RRM to provide e.g. load information
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421 to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate
interference management
– Logical interface: It does not need direct
TS 36.420 site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be
routed via core network as well
eNB

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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME
(Control Plane)

NAS Protocols
S1-MME interface MME
• Control interface between eNB and TS 36.413 S1-AP

MME TS 36.412 SCTP

• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol IP

eNB L1/L2 TS 36.411
• MME and UE will exchange non-
access stratum signaling via eNB S1-U
(User Plane)
through this interface ( i.e.
User PDUs
authentication, tracking area updates)
GTP-U Serving
TS 36.414 Gateway
UDP
S1-U interface
IP
• User plane interface between eNB and TS 36.411 L1/L2
serving gateway
• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
TS 36.410
[currently in TS 36.300 §19]

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Physical Layer Technologies

Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal FDD Carrier Number of

Frequency Division Multiple Access). Bandwidth Resource
[MHz] Blocks
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier
1.4 6
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
3 15

5 25
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
10 50

15 75
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
20 100

Scalable bandwidth.

FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth

supported in RL40

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 Based upon
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity 3GPP TS 36.211
(normal cyclic prefix case)

Resource Block (RB)

12 subcarriers

• Basic unit of resource

(180 kHz)

• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

• 7 symbols long in the time domain
• Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon
7 symbols modulation scheme
(0.5 ms)

Bit Rates per Symbol rate = 168 ksps

Resource Block • QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
• 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
TTI is 1 ms, i.e.
duration of 2 • 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
resource blocks

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Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

• Bit Rates per Resource Block  Number of Resource Blocks

Figures in Mbps Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600
16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200
64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800

64QAM (2×2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (4×4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200

• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account
• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by
Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels

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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates
• Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.1
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.6
64QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.9
64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1
64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1
64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1

• Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3
16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.5
16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.8
16QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.0
64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.2
64QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.5
64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1

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LTE UE Categories
• All categories support 20 MHz
• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
• Class 6,7 &8 added for R10

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Peak rate 10/5 Mbps 50/25 100/50 150/50 299/75 301/50 301/102 3000/1500
DL/UL Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps
RF 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
bandwidth
Modulation 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
DL
Modulation 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM
UL
Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 8x8

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RRM Framework

•UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive

Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO
•Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion
Control
•eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for
simpler implementation)
•RAN scope:Load Balancing
•Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS
and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO

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RRM Framework
Functional Description of the different RRM Modules
•Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of
deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers
in the cell
•Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE
RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell
for HO and initiate mobility procedures.
•Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and
resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI
basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.
•AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure
radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.
•MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity,
Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will
be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback
•Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM
will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL
interference.

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 RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions
Time Scale
Traffic, Channel and 100 s Radio Admission Control
Location Variations

Call Connection Mobility Control

Duration Layer 3
10 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control RRM
Interhandover
Time

1s
Slow UL UE
L3 Signaling Power Control DRX/DTX
Delay (open/closed Dynamic Control
100 ms Loop) Slow UL LA/AMC,
MIMO
Slow UL ATB
Burst or Packet Control
Duration
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
Channel 10 ms Layer 2
Fading Time RRM
Fast DL AMC

LTE TTI 1 ms Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB

ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth
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RL10 Features RRM/Telecom
LTE70 Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas
BTS Site Solution
LTE1 S1/X2 data path management
LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE3 S1, X2 and RRC common signaling
LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE5 Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and
LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* release
LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE20 Admission control
LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE27 Open loop UL power control and DL power setting
LTE28 Closed loop UL power control
LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU*
LTE30 CQI adaption (DL)
LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* LTE31 Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE37 Ciphering
LTE94 Feederless Site LTE38 Integrity protection
LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE39 System information broadcast
LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE40 Physical & transport channels
LTE41 PDCP, RLC & MAC support
LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision
LTE45 Fair scheduler (UL/DL)
LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE49 Paging
LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE50 UE state management
LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module LTE51 Cell selection and re-selection
LTE53 Intra and inter eNB handover with X2
Transport LTE69 Transmit diversity for two antennas
LTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer LTE788 Support of 16 QAM (UL)
LTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) LTE187 Single TX path mode
LTE423 RRC connection release with redirect
LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL)
LTE747 Support of UE radio capabilities
LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB LTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCH
LTE710 Synchronization from PDH interface LTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for
LTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal intra frequency handover
LTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan LTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or
LTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiation other LTE bands
LTE767 Support of aperiodic CQI reports
LTE134 Timing over Packet
LTE43 Support of 64 QAM in DL
LTE713 Synchronous Ethernet LTE793 Support of 16 QAM (DL)
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 RL20 Features
BTS Site Solution RRM/Telecom
LTE113 Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz LTE2 S1 Flex
LTE447 SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE LTE4 Multi-Operator Core Network
LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 LTE7 Support of multiple EPS bearer
LTE104 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 LTE9 Service differentiation
LTE677 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution LTE10 EPS bearers for conversational voice
LTE11 Robust header compression
Transport
LTE13 Rate capping
LTE140 Ethernet OAM
LTE22 Emergency call handling
LTE491 FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity
LTE54 Intra-LTE handover via S1
LTE649 QoS aware Ethernet switching
LTE55 Inter-frequency handover
LTE564 IPSec on FTIB
LTE562 CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect
LTE592 Link Supervision with BFD
LTE703 DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas
LTE775 SCTP multi-homing (MME)
LTE819 DL inter-cell interference generation
Operability LTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD
LTE492 ANR LTE914 Graceful cell shut down
LTE185 System Upgrade
LTE475 Automatic iOMS resiliency
LTE559 SW Monitoring Module for LTE Performance Monitoring
LTE830 LTE Automatic Lock LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I
LTE502 Cell Outage triggered reset
LTE163 Subscriber and Equipment Trace
LTE433 Cell Trace
LTE667 LTE User Event Log Management
LTE796 iOMS connectivity increase

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RL30 Features RRM/Telecom
LTE0570 Periodic UE measurements
LTE0042 Support of DRX in RRC connected mode
BTS Site Solution LTE0056 Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE0068 Support of Cell Based Location Service
LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE0426 System Time Broadcast for SIB8
LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module LTE0430 DL power boosting for control channels
LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0442 Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM
LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE
LTE0450 MME capacity value change
LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760
LTE0473 Extended DRX Settings
LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE
LTE0490 Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA
LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface LTE0518 Operator specifc QCI
LTE0522 S1 Partial Reset
LTE0571 Controlled uplink packet segmentation
Operability LTE0572 IMS emergency session
LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation
LTE0616 Usage Based PDCCH adaptation
LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation
LTE0619 Interference aware UL scheduling
LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination
LTE0735 RRC Connection Reestablishment
LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors
LTE533: Mobility Robustness LTE0807 Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI

LTE581: PRACH management LTE0829 Increased UL MCS Range

LTE602: Performance Management Administration LTE0971 Intra-LTE mobility offsets
LTE644: Configurable cell trace content LTE1034 Extended Uplink Link Adaption
LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations LTE1035 Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH
LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation
LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN Transport
LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation LTE144: Transport admission control
LTE882: System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility
LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements
LTE931: Ethernet Jumbo Frames LTE Transport
LTE866: Fast IP Rerouting
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RL40 New Features
BTS Site Solution RRM/Telecom
LTE0046 Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)
LTE0179 Dual Band with One System Module
LTE0048 Support of high speed users
LTE0621 Multiradio System Module basic LTE configurations
LTE0440 S1 Overload Handling
LTE0763 FXFA Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1900
LTE0494 Commercial Mobile Alert System
LTE0947 Flexi Multimode System Module FSMF
LTE0495 OTDOA
LTE0949 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFD
LTE0496 Support of QCI 2, 3, and 4
LTE0950 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFC LTE0497 Smart admission control
LTE1040 FXEB RF Module 1800 MHz, 90 W LTE0519 eRAB modification
LTE1072 Flexi Lite 750 LTE0534 ARP based admission control
LTE0587 Multiple GBR EPS bearers per UE
LTE0736 CS fallback to UTRAN
LTE0843 ETWS broadcast
LTE0872 SRVCC to WCDMA
Operability LTE0873 SRVCC to GSM
LTE0162 Cell trace with IMSI LTE0979 IRC for 2 RX paths
LTE0593 Security for Ethernet Ports on FCT/FSM3 LTE0984 GSM redirect with system information
LTE0622 Local Link Layer Security LTE1014 X2 eNode B configuration update
LTE0623 Crypto Agent LTE1073 Measurement based redirect
LTE1387 Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing
LTE0877 Adjustable Performance Upload
LTE0940 SW Verification Agent
LTE0953 MDT (Minimization of Drive Test)
LTE1045 Full SON Support for distributed sites
LTE1078 System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility
LTE1340 Trace-based Real Time Monitoring

Transport
LTE0612 Synchronization Hub
LTE0628 Flexi Transport submodule FTIF

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 Dec 2012

LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview

01/2011
2007 2Q/2011
2008 4Q/20112
2009 3Q/13 & 20142010

RL20 RL30 RL40 RL50

Quality of Service Network Operations Network Capacity LTE - Advanced
Network & RF Sharing Enhanced IRAT Mobility Smart Phones Carrier Aggregation

Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling
• Voice over LTE Solution
• Service Differentiation
• Rate Capping
Intra LTE Mobility
Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection)
Multi-Operator Core Network
Multiple EPS Bearers
CS Fallback
SON-BTS Auto Connectivity
SON-BTS Auto Configuration
SON-Central ANR
SON-Self Healing
Trace Solution
RF Sharing GSM - LTE
QoS Aware Ethernet Switching
Ethernet OAM
Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Frequency Bands:
• 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz
• 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz
• 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
Interference Aware Scheduling
UE Power Saving (DRX)
Operator Specific QCIs
Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
NACC to GSM
SON-ANR Fully UE Based
SON-Inter RAT ANR
SON-Optimization Neighbor
Relations
SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation
SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO)
Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS
Fast IP Rerouting
Frequency Bands:
• 760 MHz
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Carrier Aggregation
Smart DRX MIMO 4x2
Smart Admission Control Flexi RF Module 6TX
OTDOA Location Service Load Balancing
CS Fallback Enhancements SON-MRO Evolution
SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM Real Time Monitoring
SON-Minimization of Drive Tests High Capacity Site Configurations
SON Reports IPv6
Time Based Power Saving Frequency Bands (MHz):
Flexi Multiradio System Module • 700 APT
Flexi Lite BTS
4-way RX Diversity
Interference Rejection Combining RL60
Synchronization Hub LTE - Advanced
Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load
balancing
UL Coordinated Multi-Point
Frequency Bands: (CoMP)
• 1900 MHz UL MU-MIMO (4RX)
• 900 MHz Interference Coordination (eICIC)
FDD-TDD Handover
SON- Energy Savings
Timing over Packet with Phase
Synch

Under
Available Contract Planning Study Item
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