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PERKUMUHAN
3 EXCRETION

3.1 Memahami perkumuhan manusia. / Understanding human excretion

A. Organ perkumuhan manusia dan bahan buangan

Human excretory organs and excretory products

1. Perkumuhan ialah satu proses di mana bahan-bahan buangan metabolisme

________________daripada badan.
Excretion is a process in which waste products of metabolism is ___________________________ from the
body.
2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem perkumuhan manusia. Kenal pasti dan label organ
perkumuhan yangmembentuk sistem tersebut.
The diagram below shows the excretory system of human. Identify and label the excretory organs
that form the system.
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3. Kelaskan kaedah perkumuhan manusia berdasarkan organ perkumuhan. Kenal pasti bahan
buangan dan bentuk bahan buangan.Classify the human methods of excretion according to the
excretory organs. Identify the waste products and the forms of waste products.

B. Struktur kulit manusia /Structure of human skin

1. Label bahagian-bahagian kulit dalam rajah berikut /Label the parts of skin in the following
diagram:

2. Bagaimana peluh dihasilkan? /How is sweat produced?

(a) ____________membawa darah ke kulit. / ______________ carry blood to the skin.
(b) Bahan buangan (termasuk ____________ ,____________, dan _____________
) dalam darah meresap ke dalam _________________
Waste products (including _______________ .________________________ ,and _________________ ) in the
blood diffuse into the _______________________
(c) Campuran bahan buangan membentuk _____________ . The mixture of waste
products forms ____________
(d) Peluh mengalir ke permukaan kulit melalui _______________
Sweat is channeled to the surface of the skin through __________________
(e) Peluh disingkirkan daripada badan melalui _________________________
Sweat is removed from the body through ___________________
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3. Perkumuhan ialah proses bahan buangan ___________________ dari badan.

Excretion is a process in which waste product is _________________ from the body.
4. Bahan buangan dibawa di dalam _________________ ke organ-organ perkumuhan.
Excretory products are carried in the ____________________ to the excretory organs.
5. Kepentingan perkumuhan termasuk: The importance of excretion includes:
(a) menyingkirkan bahan buangan yang ______________ . removes _______________ waste
products.
(b) menyingkirkan _ ____________ dan ________________ yang akan merosakkan
tisu badan jika terkumpul
removes _____________ and __________________ which will destroy the body tissues if
accumulated.
(c) mengelakkan pengumpulan ______________ di dalam badan.
avoids accumulation of _______________ in the body.
(d) mengekalkan ________________ badan. / maintain physical ________________ .

6. Jika organ perkumuhan tidak berfungsi, pengumpulan bahan buangan akan berlaku dan
___________________ normal badan akan terganggu
If the excretory organs were not functioning, excretory products will be accumulated and disturb the
normal ________________________ of the body.
.

3.2 Menganalisa sistem urinari dalam manusia / Analysing the urinary system in human

A. Sistem Urinari Manusia / The Urinary System in Human

1. Label bahagian-bahagian dalam sistem urinari manusia dalam rajah di bawah.
Label the parts of the urinary system of human in the following diagram.

2. Fungsi bahagian-bahagian dalam sistem urinary The functions of the parts of the urinary system
Bahagian dalam
sistem urinari Fungsi / Functions
Parts of the urinary
system
__________________ seperti urea, air dan garam mineral
berlebihan dari _______ dan menghasilkan ___________
Ginjal
Kidneys sebagai bahan buangan.
_____________________________ such as urea, water and excess mineral
salts
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from the _______________ and produce _________________ as excretory

products.
Membawa air kencing dari ____________ ke
Ureter
_______________
Ureter
Channel urine from the ______________ to the __________________________
____________ air kencing buat sementara waktu sebelum
Pundi kencing
dikeluarkan
Urinary bladder
__________________________ urine temporarily before it is removed.
Uretra ___________________ air kencing keluar dari badan
Urethra ___________________ urine out of the body.
Arteri renal Mengangkut _______________________ ke ginjal
Renal artery Transports the ____________________________ to the kidneys.
Mengangkut darah ___________________keluar dari
Vena renal
ginjal.
Renal vein
Transport the _______________________________ out from the kidneys.
3. Sistem urinari adalah penting untuk menyingkirkan______________ ,
_____________dan ____________________ yang berlebihan dari badan manusia.
Urinary system is important to remove ______________ , __________________ and _________________________
from the human body.
4. Laluan yang dilalui oleh bahan buangan sebelum ia dikeluarkan dari badan
Pathway of waste products before they are removed from the body

B. Struktur dan fungsi ginjal /The structures and functions of the kidneys
1. Label bahagian-bahagian dalam keratan rentas ginjal di bawah.
Label the parts in the cross section of kidney in the diagram below.

2. Fungsi bahagian-bahagian ginjal / Functions of parts of a kidney

Bahagian ginjal
Fungsi / Functions
Parts of a kidney
 ____________ dan menyingkirkan __________ daripada
Korteks
darah.
Cortex
____________ and removes ______________________ from the blood.
 _______________ semula bahan-bahan berguna seperti
Medula
______________ dan ______________ ke dalam darah.
Medulla
______________ useful substances such as ____________ and _________________
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back to the blood.

 Mengawal kandungan ____________ dan
_________________ di dalam darah
Control the content of _________________ and ______________________ in the
blood
 __________________ air kencing sebelum disalurkan ke
Pelvis pundi kencing melalui ureter
Pelvis ____________________ the urine before channels it to the urinary bladder
through ureter.
3. Ginjal berbentuk _______________ dan terletak di kedua-dua belah kiri dan kanan
belakang rongga _______________ , di bawah _________________ .
Kidneys are ______________ shape and are located at both the left and right side at the back of the
________________ cavity below the _______________________ .

4. Kepentingan ginjal: / The importance of kidneys:

a. menyingkirkan bahan buangan seperti _____________ , _____________ dan
__________________ dari darah
remove waste products such as _____________ , __________________________ dan ____________________
from the blood
b. mengekalkan ______________ plasma darah /
maintain the _________________ of blood plasma
c. mengekalkan ____________ darah
maintain the _____________ of blood
d. mengawal _________________ air dan garam di dalam badan
Control the ____________________ of water and salts in the body

5. Kepentingan menjaga kesihatan ginjal: / The importance of healthy kidneys:

a. Protein tidak ditemui dalam kencing orang yang sihat kerana kebanyakan protein
mempunyai molekul yang __________________ untuk melepasi penapis ginjal
pada bahagian _____________________
Protein is not found in the urine of a healthy person because most of the proteins have
molecules that are _________________ to pass through the kidney filter at the ________________
b. Gula tidak ditemui dalam kencing orang yang sihat kerana gula akan
_______________ ke dalam darah pada bahagian ___________________
Sugar is not found in the urine of a healthy person because sugar is ________________ to the
blood at the _______________________
c. Jika kita tidak minum _____________ yang secukupnya pada hari panas dan
lembap, kita akan mengalami pening dan sakit kepala kerana
_____________________ tidak dapat disingkirkan tanpa air yang cukup.
If we did not drink sufficient _______________ on a hot and humid day, we may experience
dizziness and headache because __________________ are not removed without sufficient water.
d. Pesakit ginjal boleh memilih untuk menjalani _______________ ataupun
__________________ ginjal. Pesakit ginjal masih berupaya untuk hidup jika
salah satu ginjalnya dikeluarkan.
A kidney patient can choose to carry out _________________ or kidney ___________________. A
kidney patient can still survive if one of his kidneys were removed.
e. Mesin dialisis berfungsi seperti berikut: /A dialysis machine functions as follow:
 Darah dari _______________ pesakit disalurkan ke dalam tiub yang
direndam dalam larutan garam yang disebut _____________________
The blood from the patient’s ________________ is channeled into a tube dipped in a salt
solution which is known as _________________________
 Tiub ini dibuat daripada _______________________ telap .
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The tube is made of a ______________________________ .

 _____________ , ________________ dan ___________ meresap ke
dalam cecair dialisis.
____________ , __________________ and _________________ diffuse into the dialysis solution.
 Darah dikembalikan semula ke dalam ________________ pesakit
The blood is channeled back into the __________________ of the patient.

3.3 Menganalisa perkumuhan dalam tumbuhan. / Analysing excretion in plant

A. Perkumuhan dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan Excretion in plants

1. Kelaskan jenis bahan-bahan buangan tumbuhan mengikut kaedah-kaedah perkumuhan mereka
Classify the waste products of plants according to their methods of excretion.
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2. Sumber dan kegunaan bahan kumuhan tumbuhan: Sources and uses of excretory products of plants:
Bahan kumuhan
tumbuhan Sumber Kegunaan
Excretory products of Sources Uses
plants
Kuinin Kulit kayu sinkona Ubat untuk merawat _______
Quinine Bark of cinchona Medicine to treat ________________
_____________ Lateks buah popi Ubat tahan sakit
___________________ Latex of poppy fruit Medicine for pain relief
Resin Kulit pokok konifer ________ , ________ dan cat
Resin Bark of conifer _______ ,______________ and paint
Kafein Benih-benih tanaman kopi Bahan minuman ___________
Caffeine Seeds of coffee plant ______________ drink
Bahan mentah untuk membuat
_______ , _________ ,
Lateks Lateks pokok getah Raw
Latex Rubber tree latex ______ , dan pelbagai alat
material for making ________ ,
____________ ___________________ , and
various utensils
Minyak Daun-daun tumbuhan Untuk membuat _________
Oil Leaves of plants For making __________________
____________ Kulit pokok tertentu Untuk memerangkan kulit
________________ Bark of certain trees Tanning leather
Opium Buah ___________ ____________ and medicine
Opium ____________ fruit __________ dan ubat-ubatan
Kokain Tumbuhan ___________ __________ dan ubat-ubatan
Cocaine ____________ plants ______________ and medicine
Kelopak-kelopak bunga
Antocianin yang ____________
Anthocyanin berwarna merah atau ungu ______________________
Red or purple flower petals