Null Test z Degrees

Parameter

Statistic
Hypothesis Statistic or of Conditions for
in Standard for
Error t Freedom Inference
Hypothesis Hypothesis ?
Test Test

Mean of a
Population µ = µ0 p x̄ µ
(known
µ x̄ p z known
n / n
standard
deviation)

Mean of a
Population
s x̄ µ n < 15 + Normally dist. pop.: OK
µ x̄ µ = µ0 p p t n 1
(unknown n s/ n
standard n < 15 + skewed dist./outliers.: not OK
deviation)

n 15
sdi↵ x̄ µ + strong skew./ extreme outliers.: not OK
Matched µdi↵ x̄di↵ µdi↵ = 0 p p t n 1
Pairs n sdi↵ / n n 40 : OK

Same as above, replacing

s n with n1 + n2
x̄ x̄2
Means s21 s2 q 12
of Two
Populations
µ1 µ2 x̄1 x̄2 µ1 = µ2
n1
+ 2
n2
s1
n1 +
s22
n2
t # n1 5 & n2 5

n1 , n2 roughly the same size

⇣ ⌘2
s21 s22
n1 + n2
df = ⇣ 2
⌘ 2 ⇣ ⌘2
1 s1 1 s22
n1 1 n1 + n2 1 n2
 Null Standard Standard Test z

Parameter

Statistic
Hypothesis Error Error Statistic or Conditions for
in for for for t Inference
Hypothesis Confidence Hypothesis Hypothesis ?
Test Interval Test Test

r r p̂ p0 CI: at least 15 successes

Proportion of p p̂ p = p0 p̂(1 p̂) p0 (1 p0 ) r z and 15 failures
a Population p0 (1 p0 )
n n np0 10
n HT:
n(1 p0 ) 10

Proportion of r
a Population p p̃ p̃(1 p̃) z n > 10
(plus four) n+4 Confidence Level 90%

CI: at least 10 successes

s s ✓ ◆ s p̂1 p̂2 and 10 failures
1 1 ✓ ◆ in each sample
Proportion of p1 p2 p̂1 p̂2 p1 = p2 p̂1 (1 p̂1 ) p̂2 (1 p̂2 ) p̂(1 p̂) + 1 1 z
+ p̂(1 p̂) +
Two Populations n1 n2 n1 n2
n1 n2 HT: at least 5 successes
and 5 failures
in each sample

s
Proportion of
Two Populations p1 p2 p̃1 p̃2 p̃1 (1 p̃1 ) p̃2 (1 p̃2 ) z n1 5
+
(plus four) n1 + 2 n2 + 2 n2 5