Principles of MV SWG Testing 04 Measuring Equipment 2

Principles of medium-voltage switchgear testing: Part 4
Testing metering devices

Tuesday, February 06, 2017, 10:40:19

Metering tests
Metering tests are done to check the correct operation of the metering devices,
the most popular are the ammeters, voltmeters and the energy meters. These tests
are usually done after the mechanical and functional tests.
The commissioning engineer should make some preparations for these tests. First,
the power circuits should be dead and earthed. The second step is to make sure
that the voltage transformer fuses are drawn out to avoid rupture and finally the dc
or ac auxiliary supplies should be made available and ready. To execute the tests,
the commissioning engineer must prepare a digital multimeter, a clamp meter, a
current injection device, which can supply current up to 2000 A, and a 3-phase
variable transformer (variac) with sufficient apparent power to supply the burden of
the instrument transformers and metering circuits. As for the documentation, the
metering test sheets should be prepared for each cubicle.
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Figure 1 Primary injection device, it can supply current up to 2000 A.
Testing ammeters
The main idea behind testing the ammeters is simple, as indicated in figure 2, the
primary rated current is injected from the cable connection points with the value
indicated on the drawings and on the cubicle (e.g. 1000 A), thereby the current
passes through the current transformer and then gets collected at the upper
circuit-breaker fixed contacts. However, there are usually some on-site obstacles,
sometimes the connecting clamps are not suitable for the fixed contacts, they
might be bigger or smaller, so it is good practice to keep different clamp sizes in
the kit.
To test analogue ammeters, the circuit-breaker or switching device in the cubicle is
withdrawn outside to expose the fixed contacts, then clamp meters are connected
as explained and current is set then injected, then the meter reading is recorded
by looking perpendicular to the meter scale to reduce human error. The current is
injected in a sequence, first 25% of the rated, then 50%, then 100%, while
recording each reading on the test sheet, then it becomes just a matter of making
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sure that the reading is correct. One should also observe if the analogue scale
overshoots or reaches the value easily.
Digital ammeters are much easier to test, because the reading is read out much
easier. However, the same testing procedures as the analogue ammeters are
applied.

Figure 2 The clamps are connected instead of the cables from the bottom and then current is collected from point 3, where
the fixed contacts are, however the circuit-breaker should be withdrawn first.
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Figure 3 The clamps of the primary injection device, sometimes they are much bigger or smaller than the fixed contacts, so it
is good practice to carry different clamp sizes in the kit.
Testing voltmeters
To test the voltmeters the primary injection device is replaced with the variac and
the connections are changed. The variac is connected instead of the voltage
transformer, which is indicated as position 1 in figure 2. The voltage is set to the
control voltage (e.g. 110 VAC) then the voltage reading is read off the meter. The
voltage application should also be in the sequence of 25%, 50% then 100%, the
readings should give the reflected readings on the primary side of the voltage
transformer (e.g. 11 kV, 12 kV, 24 kV...etc) and all values should be recorded on
the test sheet. Values of different phases are selected with the selector device and
recorded on the test sheet.
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Figure 4 three phase variable transformer.

Testing energy meters
For testing the energy meters, the primary current injection device and the variac
are both connected to the switchgear as indicated previously, then the readings
are recorded.
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Figure 5 Energy meter.
Conclusions
In this article, the metering tests where discussed and application examples for
testing analogue and digital ammeters, voltmeters and energy meters where
discussed.

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Principles of medium-voltage switchgear testing: Part 4

Testing metering devices

are usually done after the mechanical and functional tests.

the commissioning engineer must prepare a digital multimeter, a clamp meter, a

metering test sheets should be prepared for each cubicle.

might be bigger or smaller, so it is good practice to keep different clamp sizes in

To test analogue ammeters, the circuit-breaker or switching device in the cubicle is

overshoots or reaches the value easily.

transformer, which is indicated as position 1 in figure 2. The voltage is set to the

recorded on the test sheet.

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