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Cell Respiration The controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds
Chemiosmosis H+ ions moving down a concentration gradient into the mitochondrial matrix
Products of glycolysis
- ATP
- NADH/H+
- Pyruvate
Explain the link reaction that occurs between glycolysis and Kerbs cycle
- Pyruvate enters a mitochondrion
- Enzymes in the matrix of mitochondria remove one carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the
pyruvate
- Hydrogen is accepted by NAD
- Removal of hydrogen is oxidation
- Removal of Carbon Dioxide is Decarboxylation
- The product is an acetyl group which reacts with CoA
- acetyl CoA enters Kerbs cycle
Describe how the link reaction and the Krebs cycle are related
- Both occur in the matrix of the mitochondria
- acetyl CoA produced in the link reaction enters the Krebs cycle
- acetyl group joins with 4 carbon compound/OAA from cycle
Explain why the Krebs cycle cannot continue if electron transport stops in
a mitochondrion
- Supply of NAD would run out
- NAD needed to accept Hydrogen in Krebs cycle
- NADH + H+ is reduced in oxidative phosphorylation
- Supply of ADP runs out
Explain how chemical energy for use in the cell is generated by electron
transport and chemiosmosis
- NAD/FAD is reduced by gaining two H atoms
- Reduced NAD produced in glycolysis, link reaction, Kerbs cycle
- Reduced NAD/FAD delivers hydrogen atoms to ETC
- ETC is in mitochondrial cristae
- Electrons release energy as they flow along the chain/from carrier to carrier
- Electrons from ETC accepted by oxygen
- Proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane acts as proton pumps
- Protons pumped into inter membrane space/proton concentration higher in inter membrane
space than in matrix
- Energy from electrons used to pump protons into intermembrane space
- ATP synthase in mitochondrial cristae
- Energy released as protons pass down through ATP synthase
- ATP synthase converts ADP to ATP
- Oxidative phosphorylation is ATP production using energy from oxidising foods
End products: CO2 and H2O End products are ethanol and CO2/lactate
- Site of photosynthesis
- Thylakoid membranes
- Chlorophyll to absorb light
- Light generated ATP production
- H+ gradient across thylakoid membrane
- Site of respiration
- ATP production by oxidation of organic molecules
- H+ gradient across inner membrane