CABLE SUSPENDED ROOFS

By
J.C.WASON
FORCES IN A CABLE

H = PULL H

P/2 P/2

P
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL
MEMBER

H = PULL H

FUNICULAR POLYGON
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL
MEMBER

H = PULL H

P P

FUNICULAR POLYGN
A CABLE IS A PURE TENSION STRUCTURAL
MEMBER
H = PULL H

FUNICULAR POLYGN
Shape of a suspended cable depends upon loads
suspended from cable.
 PARABOLIC SAG

H H

FUNICULAR CURVE
 CATEHARY SAG

H H

P5
P1

P2 P4
P3

FUNICULAR CURVE
 A SUSPENSION BRIDGE IS A
CABLE SUPPORTED
STRUCTURE SUSPENION
CABLES
HANGERS
BRIDGE DECK
ANCHOR BLOCKS

MAST

SUSPENSION BRIDGE
 COMPONENT PART S OF A SUSPENSION
STRUCTURE :

1. Structure (to be suspended)

2. Cable (tension)
3. Mast (Compression member)
4. Uplift Anchorages
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
CABLE SUPPORTED SYSTEMS :
• ADVANTAGE :

1. Feasibility of large free areas

2. Shallower and more economical structure
3. Structural efficiency (cable Tension
Member in steel.)

• :DISADVANTAGE :
1. Problem of Stability under strong winds
 TRADITIONALLY SUPPORTED
STRUCTURES :

In a Traditional Long Structure, the Structure is

supported by the Vertical Supports
 CABLE SUSPENDED SYTEMS :

Cables

Mast
structure

In a Cable Suspended System, the Structure is

supported by Cables
 SOME TYPICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CABLE
SUPPORTS SYSTEMS
Cable Cables
Mast Mast

structure structure

MASTS ARE SUPPORTING PIERS WHICH

SUPPORTS THE CABLES AND TRANSFER
REACTION OF CABLED TO GROUND

TYPES OF PERIMETER SUPPORT

CENTRAL SUPPORTS
 SOME CABLE SUSPENDED
STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS
Anchorage Cables

Half plan

HALF PLAN
 Cable
Mast structure

SUSPENDED ROOFS COVERING TOP FOOR OF

BUILDING
CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF –STIFTENING
ARRANGE MENTS

Mast Cable

Mast
Anchoring cables
L Cable

Anchor Blocks Anchor Blocks

CONVEX LENS- SHAPED CABLE TRUS

CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF –STIFTENING
ARRANGE MENTS

Mast Cable

Mast
Anchoring cables Cable

L
Anchor Blocks Anchor Blocks

CONVEX LENS- SHAPED CABLE TRUSS

CABLE SUSPENDED ROOF –STIFTENING
ARRANGE MENTS
Bearing member
Diagonal strut

Strut
Tie/Anchorage Stabilizing
L member

Anchor Blocks Anchor Blocks

CONVEX LENS - SHAPED CABLE TRUSS

CABLE SUSPENDED ROOFS – SOME DUBLE
LAYERED STIFFENED SYSTEMS

cables

Ring beam

PLAN
 CABLE SUSPENDED ROOFS – SOME DUBLE
LAYERED STIFFENED SYSTEMS
Strut cable Strut

CONVEX LENS – SHAPED ROOF

Twin ring
Strut cable Central cage beams

CONCAVE LENS – SHAPED ROOF

Twin ring
Central cage
beams

cable
Strut
INTERMEDIATE TYPE LENS – SHAPED ROOF
COSS - SECTIONS
 Edge member

Anchorage
Secondary cable
Primary cable

STABILIZATION THROUGH TRANSVERSE

CABLES TIED TO GROUND
 Secondary cable
Edge member
Primary cable

Vertical column

INCLINED ARCHES CROSSING EACH OTHER

ABOVE THEIR BASES
INCLINED ARCHES CROSSING EACH OTHER
ABOVE THEIR BASES
 CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION ROOF

CABLE- SAYED SUSPENSION

ROOF WRITH INTERMEDIATE
SUPPORTS

BEAM STRING ROOF

CABLE-STAYED SUSPENSION ROOF
CABLE- SAYED SUSPENSION ROOF WRITH INTERMEDIATE
SUPPORTS
BEAM STRING ROOF
 PRINCIPLES OF SPACE STRUCTURES
HT Steel in
County, use, date Size, Structural Roof cable
Shape
completed area type cladding weight,
kg/sp.m
Supermarket 43m Cable Light
Rectangular 2.78
Athis,Mons, France spam Truss Weight
Sport Hall, Sala, 43m Cable Light 4.88
Rectangular
Sweden spam Truss Weight
Exhibition Hall, 43m Cable Light
Rectangular 2.59
Poznan, Poland spam Truss Weight
Sports hall, 43m Cable Light
Rectangular 2.98
Kerkrade, Germany spam Truss Weight
Sport Palace, 43m Cable Light
Rectangular 5.22
Helsinki, Finland spam Truss Weight

Industrial Building 43m Cable Light

Rectangular 2.69
Pomezia, Italy spam Truss Weight
SUSPENDED ROOF SUPPORTED BY INCLINED
INTERCONNECTED ARCHES
WAVE –FORMED MEMBRANE ROOF
ANOTHER VERSION OF A PRESTRESSED
SUPENDED ROOF
 cables Comprn ring
In chined arch
Support for cables

Vertical support
for arch

ANOTHER VERSION OF PRESTRESSED

SAUSPENDED ROOF
 Comprn ring

Tension ring
Cables

BICYCLE WHEEL
 Comprn ring

Cables

THREE – WAY SUSPENDED ROOF

CASE STUDIES OF CABLE SUSPENDED
SYSTEMS :
1. INDRA GANDHI INDOOR STADIUM,
NEW DELHI
I.G . SPORT TADIUM, NEW DELHI
Roof :

Octagonal lotus shaped roof lower point 23m above G.L

i. Central compression ring
ii. Steel trusses in the segmental areas between main
RCC column
iii. Roof covering and insulation

COMPRN RING :
37.5 m face to face lattice trusses octgonal in plan
SECTING CAPACTY OF STADIUM
25000
FOUNDATION :-
Driven cast in sits piles, 400 to 500mm dia, 16 to 23m
deep, capacity 70 to 110 tonnes

PARTITION :-
155 m long X 14m high in sulated partition to divide
stdium in to two halve, visually and acoustically from
each other.
The lower 22m partition folds up vertically and retracts
into I'm space to give a visually unhindered stadium.
Partition folds up by a push of button in 7 minute time.
Add Text
 SHADDLE
+40.00m
CABLES
+38.656m

+35.30m

ANCHOR +35.45m
ROOF SLAB WITH
ANCHOR BEAM

A.H.U ROOM FOR STADIUM LOCATION

OF MAIN OF
+23.30m A RING
CONTROL ROOM FOR
ALL ELECTRICAL
+18.60m

+14.25m
ENTRY TO STADIUM

SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF
+8.10m FOYER LEVEL
TOWER
INTERNAL
STAIR CASE +3.80m PODIUM LEVEL SECTION OF PYLON I.G.
STADIUM , NEW DELHI
A.H.U ROOM FOR GROUND FLOOR
-0.25m GROUND LEVEL
-2.025m RETURN AIR DUCT
 38 39 40 41
37 42
36 43
35 44
34 45
33 46
32 1
31 2
30 3
Foldable
29 partition 4
28 5

27 6

26 7
25 8
24 9
23 10
22 11
21 12
20
SEATING LEVEL PLAN
13
PUBLIC PLAZA NORTH
41 42 43
39 40 44
38 45
37 46
PUBLIC PLAZA EAST
36 47
35 48 SERVICE CORE
34 1 SNACK COUNTER
33 2 GENTS PUBLIC TOILET
32 3 LADIES PUBLIC TOILET

31 VIP SEATS 4
30 5
Foldable partition
29 6
28 VIP SEATS 7
27 8
26 9
25 PUBLIC PLAZA SOUTH
10
24 4 2 0 4 8 12 16 20M
11
23 12
22 13 L.G. INDOOR SPORTS
21 14
20 19 18 STADIUM FOYER LEVEL
17 16 15
PLAN (AT 8.1 M)
PUBLIC PLAZA WEST
SOME CABLE STRUCTURES

1. Raleigh Arena (1952)

Covers 205FT X 295FT (90mx 90mx) area with a saddle
shaped cable roof connected to two RCC catenary
Arches, resisting compression.
Arches crossed and deeply embedded. Arches supported
by vertical col. of varying height.
Roof formed by two group of cable, one curved upward
and other curved do inward
Intersection of cables forms a double anticlastic
curvature. Hor thrust from cable is resisted by the
tow inclined RCC arches.
2. Municipal auditorium, New York, USA

Diameter : 73m (240FT)

Based on bicycle wheel principle. uses to
sets of cable, anchored to a 73m (240FT ) dia. RCC
comprn ring & two steel tension rings , and are kept
apart by pipe spreaders.
Comprn ring supported by 24 rect. RCC
cols paced at 150 apart. Each pair of upper and lower
cable space at 50 apart.
dist between upper & lower rings 6m
(20FT). (span / depth rat10= 1/12). The tow seet of
cables used den vibration. (the system also used for
us pavilion at international binge at Brussels –
2. Yale university , hockey rink
A double curyed roof surface
supported at middle by a high arch concrete spine of
Para bock and span72m (235ft). With additional 12m
cantilevers at both ends. cables supported by RCC
pine and two exterior wall deigned to take the lateral
thrust from cable.
RALAEIGH ARENA (1952)
Cable suspended roof area covered = 90m x
90m. A saddle shaped cable roof connected to two
RCC Catenary arches, resisting comprn arches on
vertcal cols of varying height.
 Cable roof farmed by two groups of cables
one curved downward and other curved up ward,
forming a surface of double anticlastic curvature.
CABLE STAYED BRIDE :-
Specially suited in span range of 200- 500m
cal though large pans also since constructed.
Aesthatically appealing and economical in teel
consumption.
cable stayed bridge are highly indeterminate
structure and need use of computers for rigorous
analysis. Cable stayed bridges for long pans have
become popular because of -
i. A variability of high strength steel for cables
ii. Adoption of orthotropic deck using advanced
welding technique
iii. Use of computer for analysis
MAIN COMPONT OF A CABLE TAYED BRIDGE
i. Inclined cables
ii. Tower ( or Pylons)
iii. Orthotropic deck in teel & prestressed conc. Box
girder deck
 Compreion ring
Strut

SECTIONAL AND TABILIZATION MECHANIM

Stabilization cable above suspension (convex lens
shaped)
 Primary cable Tension ring
Compression ring Tie

Secondary cable

SECTIONAL AND TABILIZATION MECHANIM

Stabilization cable below suspension (convex lens
shaped)
Tension ring Compression ring

DISHED SHELL ROOF

 Tension ring Compression ring
Central pot

TENT ROOF
 Main cable

Roof panel

Strut

Anchor

SINGLY CURVED SINGLE – LAYER CABLE

SUPENDED ROOF
 Primary cable

Secondary cable

Edge member

DIAMOND – SHAPED DOUBLE CURVATURE NET

 CABLE SUSPENDED BRIDGES

(DECK SLAB SUPPORTED BY STEEL

SUSPENDERS SUSPENDED FROM STEEL CABLES
SUPPORTED BY MASTS)
 A SUSPENSION BRIDGE IS A
CABLE SUPPORTED
STRUCTURE SUSPENION
CABLES
HANGERS
BRIDGE DECK
ANCHOR BLOCKS

MAST

SUSPENSION BRIDGE
 Anchor

Compression ring
Cable

CABLE SUSPENDED BRIDGE WITH STEEL

DECK AND STEEL MASTS
 MAIN
CABLES

SUSPENDER
CABLES

BRIDGE
DECK

SUPPORTING
MAST
CABLE
SUSPENSION
BRIDGES
 CABLE STAYED BRIDGES

(DECK SLAB SUPPORTED BY STEEL

CABLES SPLAYED AND SUPPORTED BY
MASTS)
 (i) (i)
(ii) (ii)
(iii)
HFL

(i). Steel Cables

(ii). Mast
(iii). Bridge Deck

PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
DECK

A CABLE STAYED BRIDGE WITH PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE DECK
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - HARP TYPE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - FAN TYPE
 HIGH STRENGTH
Cables
CONCRETE
ANCHOR

Rock bed

AHCHORAGE FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE

STROMSEND BRIDGE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
- SOME LIVE EXAMPLES
SEVERIN BRIDGE
DUSSELDORF BRIDGE
NORDERELDE BRIDGE
SECOND HOOGHLY BRIDGE, KOLKATTA –A
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - HARP TYPE
 HIGH STIREHGTH
Cable CONC. ANCHOR

Rock bed

AHCHORAGF OF SUSPENIOS BRIDE CABLE

CABLE STAYED BRIDGE - FAN TYPE
 HIGH STRENGTH
Cables
CONCRETE
ANCHOR

Rock bed

AHCHORAGE FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE

THANK YOU