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They reproduce by spore formation. Spore formation or sporulation is common among fungi and
simple plants like mosses and ferns. A spore contains cells enclosed in thick case and held together
by a structure called sporangium. Spore are light and can be easily dispersed by wind from one
place to another. The spores germinate into new plants as they land on an environment with
favorable conditions.
Most fungi like the bread mold (Rhizopus) reproduce by spore formation. Mosses and ferns include
spore formation in their complex life cycles.
Both mosses and ferns are groups of plant that employ both modes of reproduction. They have life
cycles that alternate sexual and asexual reproduction: a sexual gamete-producing stage and an
asexual spore-producing stage. These are called alteration of generations.
Mosses
Ferns
In ferns, unlike mosses, the leafy green dominant generation is the sporophyte. The diploid
sporophyte consists of an underground stem called a rhizome that grows just beneath the surface
of the soil. From the lower surface of the rhizome, true colors develop which anchor the plants and
absorb water and minerals. From its upper surface the rhizome bears large leave called fronds.
Fungi
Fungi form different kinds of spores. As a matter of facts among fungi, any part of the body that can
form into a new plant called a spore. Spore can be formed sexually and asexually.