Economics

vFkZ'kkL=k
(318)
Assignment - I
ewY;kadu i=k & I
(Lessons 1-9)
¼ikB 1 ls 9 rd½
Max. Marks: 25
dqy vad % 25
Note: (i) All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.
fVIi.kh% lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus vfuok;Z gSaA izR;sd iz'u ds vad leku gSaA
(ii) Write your name, enrolment number, AI name and subject etc. on the top of
the first page of the answer sheet.
mÙkj iqfLrdk ds izFke i`"B ij Åij dh vksj viuk uke] vuqØekad] v/;;u
dsUnz dk uke] fo"k; vkfn Li"V 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
1. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) Categorise the following into consumer goods and producer goods. Give reasons.
(i) Vegetables in the kitchen of a restaurant
(ii) Utensils in a household kitchen
(iii) Blackboard in a school
(iv) Sewing machine with a tailor
(v) Cloth in a shop
fuEufyf[kr dks miHkksDrk oLrqvksa vkSj mRiknd oLrqvksa esa oxhZÑr dhft,A dkj.k
crkb,A
(i) jsLVksjsaV dh jlksbZ esa lfCt;k¡
(ii) ifjokj dh jlksbZ esa [kkuk idkus ds crZu
(iii) ikB'kkyk esa ';keiV~V
(iv) nthZ ds ikl flykbZ e'khu
(v) nqdku esa diM+s
(b) Define production possibility curve. Show the following situations with the help
of a production possibility curve:
(i) Underutilisation or Inefficient utilisation of resources
(ii) Growth of resources
mRiknu laaHkkouk oØ dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A fuEu fLFkfr;ksa dks mRiknu laHkkouk oØ dh
lgk;rk ls n'kkZb,%
(i) lalk/kuksa dk viw.kZ ;k vdq'ky mi;ksx

106 Economics
 (ii) lalk/kuksa esa o`f)
(c) Distinguish between economic growth and economic development.
vkfFkZd o`f) vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa Hksn dhft,A
2. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) Explain the various stages of statistical enquiry in singular sense.
,dopu :i eas lkaf[;dh; tk¡p ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
(b) Prepare a pie diagram with the help of the following data.
fuEu vkadM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls ,d o`Ùkkdkj js[kkfp=k cukb,A

Item-wise expenditure on the construction of a house

¼x`g fuekZ.k dk en&okj O;;½
Expenditure (in Rs lacs)
O;; ¼yk[k #i;s esa½

Items Bricks Cement Steel Wood Labour Charges Miscellaneous

¼ensa½ ¼b±V½ ¼flesaV½ ¼bLikr½ ¼ydM+h½ ¼etnwjh½ ¼fofo/k½
Expenditure 1.5 1 1 1.5 2.5 2.5
¼O;;½

(c) Calculate 'Laspeyres' Price Index Number from the following data:
fuEu vkadM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls ^ykLis;j* ds dher lwpdkad dh x.kuk dhft,A
Commodity Price (in Rs.) Quality bought
oLrq dher ¼#0 esa½ Ø; dh x;h ek=kk
2005 2008 2005 2008
A ¼v½ 50 60 20 25

B ¼c½ 100 115 10 12

C ¼l½ 20 22 12 8

D ¼n½ 40 45 5 4

3. Define primary and secondary data. Explain the various sources of secondary data. (in
250 words)
izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d vkadM+ksa dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A f}rh;d vkadM+ksa ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dh
O;k[;k dhft,A ¼250 'kCnksa esa½
Or ¼vFkok½

Economics 107
 Using step-deviation method, calculate arithmetic mean of the following data:
fuEu vkadM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls in fopyu fof/k }kjk lekarj ek/; dh x.kuk dhft,A
Marks Number of students
vad fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k
0-20 5
20-40 10
40-60 40
60-80 35
80-100 10
4. What is meant by an 'Index Number'? Explain its main features. (in 250 words).
^lwpdkad* ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A ¼250 'kCnksa esa½
Or ¼vFkok½
Explain the concept of 'frequency distribution'. How is it different from frequency array?
^vko`fÙk dh vo/kkj.kk* dks le>kb,A ;g vko`fÙk lkj.kh ls fdl izdkj fHkUu gS\
5. Project work
Visit any market near your locality and enquire about the prices of current year (2009)
and the previous year (2008) of the following commodities:
S.No. Commodities Units Price
(2009) (2008)
1. Rice Kgs - -
2. Pulses Kgs. - -
3. Biscuits grams - -
4. Edible Oil litres - -
5. Potato Kgs - -

Calculate index number by using simple aggregate method (taking 2008 as the base
year) with the help of data collected by you. Prepare a project report on the basis of
your survey in about 250 words.
ifj;kstuk dk;Z
vius iM+ksl ds fdlh cktkj esa tk;as vkSj fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dh orZeku dherksa ¼o"kZ 2009½
vkSj xro"kZ ¼2008½ dh dherksa ds ckjs esa irk yxkb,A
Øe oLrq bdkbZ dher
la[;k (2009) (2008)
1. pkoy fd-xzk- - -
2. nkysa fd-xzk- - -
3. fcLdqV xzk- - -
4. [kk| rsy fyVj - -
5. vkyw fd-xzk- - -
vkids }kjk laxzg fd, x, vkadM+ksa }kjk 2008 dks vk/kkj o"kZ ekurs gq, ljy lewg fof/k }kjk
lwpdkad dh x.kuk dhft,A vius losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij yxHkx 250 'kCnksa esa ,d izkstSDV
fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A

108 Economics
 Economics
vFkZ'kkL=k
(318)
Assignment - II
ewY;kadu i=k & II
(Lessons 10-20)
¼ikB 10 ls 20 rd½
Max. Marks: 25
dqy vad % 25
Note: (i) All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.
fVIi.kh% lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus vfuok;Z gSaA izR;sd iz'u ds vad leku gSaA
(ii) Write your name, enrolment number, AI name and subject etc. on the top of
the first page of the answer sheet.
mÙkj iqfLrdk ds izFke i`"B ij Åij dh vksj viuk uke] vuqØekad] v/;;u
dsUnz dk uke] fo"k; vkfn Li"V 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
1. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) Classify the following into final and intermediate products. Give reasons in support
of your answer.
(i) Sugar used by a bakery.
(ii) Washing machine used by a household.
(iii) Refrigerator bought by a chemist.
(iv) Purchase of raw iron by a steel company.
(v) Purchase of a book by a student.
fuEufyf[kr dks vafre vkSj e/;orhZ mRikn esa oxhZÑr dhft,A vius mÙkj dh iqf"V esa
dkj.k nhft,A
(i) ,d csdjh }kjk phuh dk iz;ksx
(ii) ,d ifjokj }kjk diM+s /kksus dh e'khu dk iz;ksx
(iii) dSfeLV }kjk [kjhnk x;k jsÝhtjsVj
(iv) bLikr dEiuh }kjk dPps yksgs dk Ø;
(v) fo|kFkhZ }kjk iqLrd dk Ø;
(b) Define production, consumption and investment. How are they interrelated and
interdependent.
mRikn] miHkksx rFkk fuos'k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A os fdl izdkj ijLij fuHkZj vkSj
lacaf/kr gSaA
(c) How is national income useful in measuring the level and pattern of investment of
a country?
jk"Vªh; vk; fdlh ns'k ds fuos'k dk Lrj o Lo:i ekius esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gS\

Economics 109
2. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) How is national income estimated by the production method?
mRiknu fof/k }kjk jk"Vªh; vk; dk vuqeku fdl izdkj yxk;k tkrk gS\
(b) Explain the relationship between TR and MR with the help of a table and a diagram.
TR vkSj MR esa ,d lkj.kh vkSj js[kkfp=k dh lgk;rk ls laca/k Li"V dhft,A
(c) Distinguish between contraction of demand and decrease in demand with the help
of a diagram.
ekax ladqpu rFkk ekax esa deh esa ,d js[kkfp=k dh lgk;rk ls varj Li"V dhft,A
3. How is supply of a commodity affected by a change in the prices of other commodities?
Explain. (in 250 words)
vU; oLrqvksa dh dher esa ifjorZu dk oLrq dh iwfrZ ij fdl izdkj izHkko iM+rk gS\ Li"V
dhft,A ¼250 'kCnksa eas½
Or ¼vFkok½
How is the equilibrium price of a commodity affected when there is a simultaneous
increase in demand and supply of a commodity? Explain with the help of diagram. (in
250 words)
;fn fdlh oLrq dh ekax rFkk iwfrZ nksuksa esa ,d lkFk o`f) gksus ij larqyu dher ij D;k izHkko
iM+rk gS\ js[kkfp=kksa dh lgk;rk ls Li"V dhft,A ¼250 'kCnksa eas½
4. Calcualte TFC, ATC, AFC, AVC and MC on the basis of the following information:
Output Total Cost
(in units) (Rs.)
0 60
1 90
2 100
3 105
4 112
5 135
6 180
fuEufyf[kr vkdM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij TFC, ATC, AFC, AVC vkSj MC Kkr dhft,%
mRiknu dqy ykxr
¼bdkb;ksa esa½ ¼#- esa½
0 60
1 90
2 100
3 105
4 112
5 135
6 180

110 Economics
 Or ¼vFkok½
Determine the profit maximisation level of output of a firm, by comparing its marginal
revenue and marginal cost which are given below:
Units of output MR (in Rs.) MC (in Rs.)
1 50 48
2 48 45
3 45 40
4 42 42
5 36 45

fuEu vkadM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls lhekUr vkxe (MR) rFkk lhekUr ykxr (MC) dh rqyuk djrs
gq, fdlh QeZ ds ykHk vf/kdreh dj.k dk fu/kkZj.k dhft,A
mRiknu ¼bdkb;ksa esa½ lhekUr vkxe ¼#0 esa½ lhekur ykxr ¼#0 esa½
1 50 48
2 48 45
3 45 40
4 42 42
5 36 45
5. Project work
Visit any vegetable shop in your locality and ask any five customers the different
quantities of tomatoes that they will buy per day at five different prices. Prepare the
individual and market demand schedules and curves. On the basis of the data collected
by you, find out whether the law of Demand is applicable. Prepare a project report in
about 250 words.
ifj;kstuk dk;Z
vius iM+ksl esa fdlh lCth dh nqdku esa tkb, vkSj fdUgha ik¡p xzkgdksa ls ik¡p fofHkUu dherksa
ij mudh izfrfnu VekVj [kjhnus dh ek=kk Kkr dhft,A O;fDrxr vkSj cktkj ekax vuqlwph
rFkk oØ cukb,A vius losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij Kkr dhft, fd D;k ekax dk fu;e ykxw gksrk
gS\ yxHkx 250 'kCnksa esa ,d izkstSDV fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A

Economics 111
 Economics
vFkZ'kkL=k
(318)
Assignment - III
ewY;kadu i=k & III
(Lessons 21-39)
¼ikB 21 ls 39 rd½
Max. Marks: 25
dqy vad % 25
Note: (i) All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.
fVIi.kh% lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus vfuok;Z gSaA izR;sd iz'u ds vad leku gSaA
(ii) Write your name, enrolment number, AI name and subject etc. on the top of
the first page of the answer sheet.
mÙkj iqfLrdk ds izFke i`"B ij Åij dh vksj viuk uke] vuqØekad] v/;;u
dsUnz dk uke] fo"k; vkfn Li"V 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
1. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) What is fiscal deficit? Why is it a better measure of deficit as compared to budgetory
deficit?
jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ ;g ctVh; ?kkVs ls vPNk eki D;ksa gS\
(b) Define 'open market operations'. How is it used to control money supply in the
economy?
^[kqys cktkj esa dk;Zdyki* dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A bldk iz;ksx vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqnzk iwfrZ
fu;a=k.k ds fy, dSls fd;k tkrk gS\
(c) Why is money needed?
eqnzk dh vko';drk D;ksa gksrh gS\
2. Answer any two of the following questions in about 60-80 words each.
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj yxHkx 60-80 'kCnksa esa nhft,A
(a) Explain 'reduction of inequality' as an objective of economic planning in India.
Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu ds ,d mís'; ds :i eas ^vlekurkvksa esa deh ykuk* dh
O;k[;k dhft,A
(b) State the major failures of economic planning in India. Explain any one of them.
vkfFkZd fu;kstu dh izeq[k vlQyrkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A muesa ls fdlh ,d dh
O;k[;k dhft,A
(c) Explain any two policies that were responsible for India's economic crisis of 1991.
Hkkjr esa 1991 ds vkfFkZd ladV ds fy, mÙkjnk;h fdUgha nks uhfr;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
3. What is fiscal policy? What changes were made to the fiscal policy in 1951. (in 250
words)
jktdks"kh; uhfr D;k gS\ 1991 esa blesa D;k ifjorZu fd, x,\ ¼250 'kCnksa esa½

112 Economics
 Or ¼vFkok½
Explain the various sources of revenue receipts.
jktLo izkfIr;ksa ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
4. Explain how is industry dependent on agriculture? (in about 250 words)
m|ksx dh Ñf"k ij fuHkZjrk dh O;k[;k dhft,A ¼250 'kCnksa esa½
Or ¼vFkok½
What measures should be adopted to solve the population problem in India. (in 250
words)
Hkkjr esa tula[;k dh leL;k ds lek/kku ds fy, D;k mik; viukus pkfg,A ¼250 'kCnksa esa½
5. Project work
Visit a public sector bank and a private sector bank. Find out various types of accounts
in which they accept deposits from the public. What documents are required for opening
any of these accounts. Prepare a project report in about 250 words on the basis of your
survey.

ifj;kstuk dk;Z
,d ljdkjh {ks=k rFkk ,d futh {ks=k ds cSad esa tk,¡A ;g Kkr djsa fd os turk ls fdl izdkj
ds [kkrksa esa tek Lohdkj djrs gSa\ bl izdkj ds fdlh [kkrs dks [kksyus ds fy, fdu nLrkostksa
dh vko';drk gksrh gS\ vius losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij yxHkx 250 'kCnksa esa ,d izkstSDV fjiksVZ
rS;kj dhft,A

Economics 113