Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
COM
n
Q.1 The discrete-time
time signal x (n) = ((-1) is periodic with fundamental period
(A) 6 (B) 4
(C) 2 (D) 0
Ans: C Period = 2
Q.4 The continuous time version of the unit impulse 6 (t) is defined by the pair of relations
1
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
1 ∞
(A) 6 (t) = { t=0 (B) 6 (t) =1, t = 0 and ƒ 6 (t) dt =1.
{
[0 t ≠ 0. -∞
∞ {1, t ≥ 0
(C) 6 (t) = 0, t ≠ 0 and ƒ 6 (t) dt = 1 . (D) 6(t) = { .
-∞ [ 0, t < 0
Q.5 Two sequences x1 (n) and x2 (n) are related by x2 (n) = x1 (- n). In the z- domain, their
ROC’s are
(A) the same. (B) reciprocal of each other.
(C) negative of each other. (D) complements of each other.
. z
Ans: B x1(n) X1(z), RoC Rx
z Reciprocals
x2(n) = x1(-n) X1(1/z), RoC 1/ Rx
Ans: C Since the signal contains only a high frequency ωo its FT must be an impulse at
ω = ωo
ω
Q.7 If the Laplace transform of f (t) is , then the value of Lim f (t)
(s 2
+ ω2 ) t→∞
(A) cannot be determined. (B) is zero.
(C) is unity. (D) is infinity.
L
Ans: B f(t) m
s2 + m2
= Lim sm =0
s 0 s2 + m2
Q.8 The unit impulse response of a linear time invariant system is the unit step
function u(t) . For t > 0, the response of the system to an excitation
e−at u(t), a > 0, will be
−at
(A) ae−at . (B) 1− e .
a
2
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
(
(C) a 1−e−at . ) (D) 1− e−at .
Ans: B
-at
at
h(t) = u(t); x(t) = e u(t), a > 0
1J1 1 ]
System response y(t) = L− | . |
[ s s+a]
= L−1 1 |J1 − 1 ]|
a [s s + a]
= 1 (1 - e-at)
a
0
Q.9 The z-transform
transform of the function ) δ(n − k ) has the following region of convergence
k=−∞
(A) z > 1 (B) z = 1
(C) z < 1 (D) 0 < z < 1
0
Ans: C x(n) = ) 6(n-k)
k = -œ
0
x(z) = ) z-k = …..+ z3 + z2 + z + 1 (Sum of infinite geometric series)
k = -œ
= 1 , |z| < 1
1–z
Ans: D
T/2
RXX (ı) = 1 ƒ x(ı) x(t + ı) dı triangular function of duration 2T.
T -T/2
Q.11 The Fourier transform (FT) of a function x (t) is X (f). The FT of dx(t)/ dt will be
(A) dX(f )/ df . (B) j2πf X(f ).
(C) jf X(f ) . (D) X(f ) / ( jf ) .
œ
Ans: B (t) = 1 ƒ X(f) ejmt dm
2n - œ
œ
d x = 1 ƒ jm X(f) ejmt dm
dt 2n - œ
∴ d x ↔ j 2n f X(f)
dt
Ans: B x(t) = 1, -T
T Ç t ÇT
2 2
0, otherwise
+œ +T/2 +T/2
-jmt -jmt -jmt
X(jm) = ƒ x(t) e dt = ƒ e dt = e
-œ -T/2 jm
-T/2
= - 1 (e-jmT/2
jmT/2
- ejmT/2) = 2 ejmT/2 - e-jmT/2
jm m 2j
= 2 sin mT = sin(mT/2) .T
m 2 mT/2
Q.13 An analog signal has the spectrum shown in Fig. The minimum sampling
rate needed to completely represent this signal is
(A) 3 KHz .
(B) 2 KHz .
(C) 1 KHz .
(D) 0.5 KHz .
Ans: C For a band pass signal, the minimum sampling rate is twice the
bandwidth, which is 0.5 kHz here.
4
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
FT
Ans: A x(t) = u(t) X(jm) = n 6(m) + 1
Jm
u(m) 1 6(t) + 1
2 nt
Q.17 The impulse response of a system is h(n) = a n u ( n ) . The condition for the system to
be BIBO stable is
(A) a is real and positive. (B) a is real and negative.
(C) a > 1. (D) a < 1.
+œ +œ
Ans: D Sum S = ) |h(n)| = ) | an u(n) |
n = -œ n = -œ
+œ
≤ ) |a| n ( u(n) = 1 for n Ç 0 )
n=0
≤ 1 if |a| < 1.
1- |a|
5
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: D
y(t) = x(t2)
y(t) depends on x(t2) i.e., future values of input if t > 1.
System is anticipative or non-causal
α x1(t) → y1(t) = α x1(t2)
β x2(t) → y2(t) = β x2(t2)
α x1(t) + β x2(t) → y(t) = αx1(t2) +β x2(t2) = y1(t) + y2(t)
System is Linear
System is time varying. Check with x(t) = u(t) – u(t-z) → y(t) and
x1(t) = x(t – 1) → y1(t) and find that y1(t) ≠ y (t –1).
Q.20 If G(f) represents the Fourier Transform of a signal g (t) which is real and odd
symmetric in time, then G (f) is
(A) complex. (B) imaginary.
(C) real. (D) real and non-negative.
FT
Ans: B g(t) G(f)
Q.21 For a random variable x having the PDF shown in the Fig., the mean and the
variance are, respectively,
(A) 1 and 2 .
2 3
(B) 1 and 4 3 .
(C) 1 and 2 3 .
(D) 2 and 4 3 .
+œ
Ans:B Mean = µx(t) = ƒ x fx(t) (x) dx
-œ
3
= ƒ x 1 dx = 1 x2 3 = 9 – 1 1 = 1
-1 4 4 2 -1 2 2 4
+œ
Variance = ƒ (x - µx)2 fx (x) dx
-œ
3
= ƒ (x - 1)2 1 d(x-1)
-1 4
6
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
= 1 (x - 1)3 3 = 1 [8 + 8] = 4
4 3 -1 12 3
Q.22 If white noise is input to an RC integrator the ACF at the output is proportional to
{| − τ [| {−τ[
(A) exp| . (B) exp| |.
|
[ RC J [ RC J
(C) exp(τ RC ) . (D) exp(- τ RC).
Ans: A
RN(ı) = N0 exp - | ı |
4RC RC
n
Q.23 x(n) = a , a < 1 is
(A) an energy signal.
(B) a power signal.
(C) neither an energy nor a power signal.
(D) an energy as well as a power signal.
Ans: A +œ œ œ œ
Energy = ) x2(n) = ) a2 = ) (a2) = 1+ 2 ) a2
n=-œ n=-œ n=-œ n=1
Q.24 The spectrum of x (n) extends from − mo to +mo , while that of h(n) extends
∞
from − 2mo to + 2mo . The spectrum of y(n) = ) h(k) x(n − k) extends
k=−∞
from
(A) − 4mo to + 4mo . (B) − 3mo to + 3mo .
(C) − 2mo to + 2mo . (D) − mo to + mo
.
jm jm
Ans: D Spectrum depends on H( e ) X( e ) Smaller of the two ranges.
Q.25 The signals x1(t) and x 2 (t) are both bandlimited to (− m1, + m1 ) and
(− m2 , + m2 ) respectively. The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal x1(t) x 2 (t)
will be
(A) 2m1 if m1> m2 . (B) 2m2 if m1< m2 .
Q.26 ( )
If a periodic function f(t) of period T satisfies f (t) = −f t + T 2 , then in its Fourier
series expansion,
7
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans:
T T/2 T T/2 T/2
1 ƒ f(t) dt = 1 ƒ f(t) dt + ƒf(t) dt = 1 ƒ f(t) dt + ƒ f(ı + T/2)dı = 0
T 0 T 0 T/2 T 0 0
Q.27 A band pass signal extends from 1 KHz to 2 KHz. The minimum sampling frequency
needed to retain all information in the sampled signal is
(A) 1 KHz. (B) 2 KHz.
(C) 3 KHz. (D) 4 KHz.
Ans: B
Minimum sampling frequency = 2(Bandwidth) = 2(1) = 2 kHz
Q.28 The region of convergence of the zz-transform of the signal 2n u(n) − 3n u(− n − 1)
(A) is z > 1. (B) is z < 1.
(C) is 2 < z < 3 . (D) does not exist.
Ans:
Ans: C
Possible ROC’s are |z| > e-2 , |z| < 2 and e-2 < |z| < 2
Q.30 The Laplace transform of u(t) is A(s) and the Fourier transform of u(t) is B(jω).
Then
1 1
(A) B(jω) = A(s) s = jω . (B) A(s) = but B(jω) ≠ .
s jω
1 1 1 1
(C) A(s) ≠ but B(jω) = . (D) A(s) ≠ but B(jω) ≠ .
s jω s jω
L
Ans: B u(t) A(s) = 1
s
8
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
F.T
u(t) B(jm) = 1 + n 6(m)
jm
Ans: A
Ans: C
sin(πu)
Q.33 The function is denoted by:
(πu)
(A) sin c(nu). (B) sin c(u).
(C) signum. (D) none of these.
Ans: C
Q.34 The frequency response of a system with h(n) = 6(n) - 6(n-1) is given by
(A) 6(m) - 6(m - 1). (B) 1 - ejm.
(C) u(m) – u(m -1).
1). (D) 1 – e-jm.
Ans: D
Ans: D
Q.36 z-transform
transform converts convolution of time
time-signals to
(A) addition. (B) subtraction.
(C) multiplication. (D) division.
Ans: C
9
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: B
Q.38 The DFT of a signal x(n) of length N is X(k). When X(k) is given and x(n) is computed
from it, the length of x(n)
(A) is increased to infinity (B) remains N
(C) becomes 2N – 1 (D) becomes N2
Ans: A
Ans: D
Ans: D
Q.41 The system having input x(n) related to output y(n) as y(n) = log10 x(n) is:
(A) nonlinear, causal, stable. (B) linear, noncausal, stable.
(C) nonlinear, causal, not stable. (D) linear, noncausal, not stable.
Ans: A
Q.42 To obtain x(4 – 2n) from the given signal x(n), the following precedence (or priority)
rule is used for operations on the independent variable n:
(A) Time scaling ‹ Time shifting ‹ Reflection.
(B) Reflection ‹ Time scaling ‹ Time shifting.
(C) Time scaling ‹ Reflection ‹ Time shifting.
(D) Time shifting ‹ Time scaling ‹ Reflection.
Ans: D
Q.43 The unit step-response of a system with impulse response h(n) = 6(n) – 6(n – 1) is:
(A) 6(n – 1). (B) 6(n).
(C) u(n – 1). (D) u(n).
Ans: B
10
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: C
Ans: B
ℑ J dx(t) ]
Q.46 If x ( t ) ↔ X(s), then ℑ
| | is given by:
[ dt ]
−1
dX(s)
(A) . (B) X(s) x (0)
− .
ds s s
(C) sX(s) − x(0− ) . (D) sX(s) – sX(0).
Ans: C
Q.47 The region of convergence of the z-transform of the signal x(n) ={2, 1, 1, 2}
‡
is n=0
(A) all z, except z = 0 and z = œ (B) all z, except z = 0.
(C) all z, except z = œ. (D) all z.
Ans: A
Q.48 When two honest coins are simultaneously tossed, the probability of two heads on any
given trial is:
3
(A) 1 (B)
4
1 1
(C) (D)
2 4
Ans: D
Q.49 Let u[n] be a unit step sequence. The sequence u[N − n] can be described as
{1, n<N {1, n≤N
(A) x[n] = { (B) x[n] = {
[0, otherwise [0, otherwise
{1, n>N {1, n≥N
(C) x[n] = { (D) x[n] = {
otherwise [0, otherwise
[0,
11
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
{1, n ≤ N
Ans (B) x[n] = {
[0, otherwise
Here the function u(-n) is delayed by N units.
1
Q.53 For the function H ( jω ) = 2
, maximum value of group delay is
2 + 2 jω + ( j ω )
(A) 1 (B) 1/2
(C) 2 (D) 3
∞ ∞
(C) ) X ( jω ) * δ (ω + kω )
k =−∞
s
(D) ) X ( jω )δ (ω + kω )
k =−∞
s
12
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
∞
Ans (A) ) X ( jω + kω )δ (ω )
k =−∞
s
X (z) = )
n=n1
x[n]z −n . This sum should converge provided each term in the sum is
finite. However, if there is a non-zero causal component for n2>0, then X(z) will
have a term involving z-1 and thus ROC cannot include z = 0.
Q.56 Let H e
jω
( )
( ω ) be the frequency response of a discrete-time
j
LTI system, and
HI e be the frequency response of its inverse. Then,
( ) ( )
(A) H e jω HI e jω = 1 ( ) ( )
(B) H e jω HI e jω = δ (ω)
(C) H (e ω )* H (e ω ) = 1
j
I
j
(D) H (e ω )* H (e ω )= δ (ω)
j
I
j
( ) ( )
Ans (A) H e jω H I e jω = 1
Since H (e ) and H (e ω )
jω
I
j
are the inverse of each other, their product should
equal 1.
1 1
Q.57 The transfer function of a stable system is H ( z ) = + .
1 − 0.5z −1 1 − 2z −1
Its impulse response will be
n n n n
(A) (0.5) u[n] + (2 ) u[n] (B) − (0.5) u[−n − 1] + (2 ) u[n]
(C) (0.5)n u[n] − (2)n u[−n − 1] n n
(D) − (0.5) u[−n − 1] − (2 ) u[−n − 1]
n n
Ans (C) (0.5) u[n] − (2 ) u[−n − 1]
(A) and (C) are the possible IFTs of the given system function. However,
the system is stable; therefore (C) is the only correct answer.
Q.58 The probability cumulative distribution function must be monotone and
(A) increasing (B) decreasing
(C) non-increasing (D) non-decreasing
13
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
A2
(A) (B) A2
2
(C) AT12 (D) A2T1
Ans: (D)
T1 / 2
W= ƒ−T / 2
1
x(t) 2 dt = A2T 1
Ans: (C)
k =∞
Time response y(n) = x(n) * h(n) = ) x(k )h(n − k)
k =−∞
Ans: (C)
This can be seen by putting the value of pulse function in the definition of Fourier
transform.
Q.62 The property of Fourier Transform which states that the compression in time
domain is equivalent to expansion in the frequency domain is
(A) Duality. (B) Scaling.
(C) Time Scaling. (D) Frequency Shifting.
Ans: (B)
Substituting the square pulse function f(t) in
∞
jωt
dt
F ( jω ) = ƒ
−∞
f (t)e
gives the sinc function.
Q.63 What is the Nyquist Frequency for the signal
x(t) =3 cos 50nt +10 sin 300nt – cos100nt ?
(A) 50 Hz (B) 100 Hz
(C) 200 Hz (D) 300 Hz
14
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: (D) Here the highest frequency present in the signal is ωm = 300π or
fm = 150 Hz. Therefore the Nyquist frequency f s = 2 fm = 300 Hz.
Q.64 The step response of a LTI system when the impulse response h(n) is unit step
u(n) is
(A) n+1 (B) n
(C) n-1 (D) n 2
Ans: (A)
∞ 6
Ans: (A)
∞
Substituting f (t) = u(t) in the relation F (s) = f (t)e−st dt gives the answer.
ƒ o
Q.66 The function which has its Fourier transform, Laplace transform, and Z transform
unity is
(A) Gausian (B) impulse
(C) Sinc (D) pulse
Ans: (B)
Substituting f(t) = δ (t) in the definitions of Fourier, Laplace and Z-transform, we
get the transforms in each case as 1.
Ans: (B)
The Z-transform of a delayed function f(n-m) is z-m times the Z-transform of the
function f(n).
1
Q.68 If the joint probability pdf of f (x, y) = , 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 2, P(x + y ≤ 1) is
4
(A) 1 (B)
1
8 16
1 1
(C) (D)
4 2
15
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: (A)
1 1− y 1 1 1 1−y 1 1 1
P(x + y) = ƒƒ
0 0 4
dxdy =
4
ƒ
0
x
0
dy =
4
ƒ (1− y)dy = .
0 8
Q.71 If the Fourier series coefficients of a signal are periodic then the signal must be
(A) continuous-time, periodic (B) discrete-time, periodic
(C) continuous-time, non periodic (D) discrete-time, non perodic
Ans: (B)
It is the property of the discrete-time periodic signal.
ƒ δ (t) = 1
By definition of delta function, −∞
16
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
£
ƒ
0 s
n+1
Q.76 The region of convergence of a causal finite duration discrete time signal is
(A) The entire ‘z’ plane except z = 0
(B) The entire ‘z’ plane except z = ∞
(C) The entire ‘z’ plane
(D) A strip in z-plane
Ans: (A)
The ROC of the causal finite duration will have negative power of z. The ROC is
the entire z-plane except z = 0.
{0, −∞<x≤0
| 2
F X (x) = {kx , 0 < x ≤ 10
| 100k, 10 < x < ∞
[
The value of k is
(A) 100 (B) 50
(C) 1/50 (D) 1/100
Ans: (D)
From the given F(x), we get
dF (x)
= 0 + 2kx + 0 = 2kx
dx
10
ƒ
∴ 2kxdx = 1
0
or 100k = 1 → k = 1/100
Q.78 The group delay function τ(ω) is related to phase function φ(ω) as
−d d
(A) τ (ω) = φ(ω) (B) τ (ω ) = 2 φ(ω )
dω dω
17
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
d2 d2
(C) τ (ω ) = φ(ω (D) τ (ω ) = φ(ω )
dω
)
dω 2
Ans: (A): By definition.
Q.79 Two sequences x1(n) and x 2 (n)are related by x 2 (n) = x1(− n ) . In the
Z-domain, their ROCs are
(A) same (B) reciprocal of each other
(C) negative of each other (D) complement of each other
Ans: (B)
ROC of Z [x2 (n)] is outside the circle of radius r2 while ROC of Z[x1 (−n)] is
inside the circle of radius r1 such that r2 = 1/ r1.
= ƒ−∞2
A sin ωτ × A sin ω (τ − t)dτ
A ∞
=
2
ƒ −∞
[(cos t − cos 2ωτ .cos t − sin 2ωτ .sin t]dτ
Q.81 Which of the following is true for the system represented by y(n) = x(− n)
(A) Linear (B) Time invariant
(C) Causal (D) Non Linear
Ans.: (A)
The given function is of the form y = mx . Hence linear.
Ans: (C)
∞
δ (t) = ƒ δ (t)e − jωt dt = 1
FT of −∞
18
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Q.83 Convolution is used to find
(A) amount of similarity between the signals
19
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: (A)
∞
− πt 2 ∞
x ∞
− x dx =1.
−x
ƒ−
∞e dt = ƒ
−∞
e 2π π dx =2 π ƒ
−∞
xe
20
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM
Ans: (B)
The distribution of White noise is homogeneous over all frequencies. Power
spectrum is the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function. Therefore,
power spectral density of white noise is uniform.
20