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Documenti di Professioni
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DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
Research on
June, 2017
Mettu, Ethiopia
1
APPROVAL SHEET OF RESEARCH
Mettu University
Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences
Department of Biology
This is to certify that the research prepared by: Etsegenet Denbel, Addis Alemayehu and
Mitike Ashagre entitled: Assessment of Medicinal Uses of Plants in the Case of
Ageta Kebele Nopha Woreda, Illu Aba Bora Zone, Oromia Regional State,
South Western Ethiopia and submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
of Bachelor of Science in Biology complied with the regulations of the University and meets
the accepted standards with the respect to originality and quality.
Examiner___________________________________Signature___________Date__________
Chairman___________________________________Signature___________Date__________
Advisor__________________________________Signature_____________Date__________
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AKNOWLEDGMENT
First and fore most we would like to thank Almighty God who has helped us to accomplish
our study. Our first and heart felt gratitude goes to our honored research advisor Woinshet
Muhie(MSc) who has given us her valuable time and comments and also has shaped the entire
work of this research study. We are also grateful to Nopha woreda agricultural office for the
opportunity and reliable information’s to our study. We are very much indebted to Lema Etefa
(MSc) for his moral supports in all aspects to complete our study. Last but not least, we would
like to thank to our family, who had sent us to school at early time stage of childhood and
stood with our side all the time and for their persistent encouragement and moral support
throughout our study.
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DEDICATION
Dedicated to
Our Dearest
Family, Our Best Friends
&
The Almighty God
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
AKNOWLEDGMENT 3
DEDICATION 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
LIST OF FIGURES 6
LIST OF TABLES 7
LIST OF APPENDIXES 9
ABSTRACT 11
1. INTRODUCTION 12
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 16
5
3.1.3 Soil 20
3.1.5 Climate condition of the study area 20
3.2 DESIGN OF THE STUDY 20
3.3 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 20
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 21
3.4.1 Sample size determination and sample size 21
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS 22
4. RESULTS AND DISCCUSSION 23
5.1 CONCLUSION 32
5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS 33
5. REFERENCES 34
6. Appendixes 38
LIST OF FIGURES
6
Figure Pages
Figure 2. Number and habitats of medicinal plants used to treat human, livestock and
both……… ……..………………………………………..…………………………………...46
LIST OF TABLES
7
Table Pages
Table 2. List of major treated human illness and corresponding number used for the treatment
of each human aliment ……… ……………………………………..………...……………...46
Table 3. Lists of medicinal plants used to treat both livestock and human ailments……...….46
Table 4. List of major treated animal illness and corresponding number used for the treatment
of each animal ailment ………….....…………………..………………………………….….46
LIST OF APPENDIXES
8
Appendix Pages
Appendix 1. List of medicinal plants habit and habitats encountered in the study area …...46
Appendix 2. List of medicinal plants used for treating only human aliments study
area……………………………………………………………….………………………….46
Appendix 3. List of medicinal plants used for treating any livestock animals
…………………………………………..…………………………………………….….46
Appendix 4. List of medicinal plants used for treating both human and livestock.………….46
Appendix 5. List of major treated human, animal and both illness in the study area…….….46
IK Indigenous knowledge
NWAO Nopha Woreda Agriculture office
9
WHO World Health Organization
ABSTRACT
An ethno botanical data was carried out to document information on the use of medicinal
plants in case of Agera kebele Nopha woreda. The objective of this study was to assess
medicinal plants and their uses in the study area. Main methods used for this study were
10
semi-structured interview and field observation. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical
method. Total of 26 plant species belonging in 17 families identified and documented in Ageta
kebele. Of the total, 17 species (65.4%) noted to treat only human aliments while 5species are
used treat livestock aliments and 4 species (15.4%) are used to treat both livestock and
human. The major form of preparation of plant medicine in the study area were used in
33.3% liquid form, 21.20% powdered form, 12.10% prepared as smelled form, 9.10% chewed
form, 15.20% smashed, boiled, burned creamed form and 9% chewed form. Route of folk
medicine in the study area include oral, dermal, nasal and through eye. Most popular way of
administration of the herbal medicine were oral which account for 20 followed by 8 nasals, 4
dermal and 1 route way were ocular. In the study, several factors both human and natural
were found to contribute to the threats that affect survival of medicinal plants species in the
study area.????????????????conclusions and recommendations
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
According to the world health organization(WHO) definition of medicinal plants (also known
as indigenous or folk medicine) are the sum total of knowledge, skills and practice based on
theories, believes and experience indigenous to different culture whether explicated or used in
the mountain of health as in prevention, improvement and treatment at physical and mental
illness (WHO,2008).
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants containing phytochemicals, secondary and
primary metabolites that have a medical action and ailments. Historically plants have played
an important role in medicine. For early people were intricately connected to diet and healing
(Lema Etafa, 2000).
About 85% of world population uses herbal medicine for prevention and treatments of disease
and livestock increasing developed and developing countries. Furthermore, many days’ drug
owns their origin to plants. Although traditional medicines involve the use of substances other
than plants from the backbone at these health care systems. Traditional medicines comprise of
therapeutic practices have been in existence for hundreds of years before the development and
spread of modern medicine and heritage of different social and cultural practice approaches,
knowledge and beliefs incorporating plants animal and or exercise applied single or in
combination to maintain well-being and treat diagnose or prevent illness (WHO, 2002).
Many countries lack complete inventories to their medicinal plant species. Yet such
inventories are important in survey to identify unique valuable components and such
inventories coupled with knowledgeable from rural people, which have learnt through
resource use rather than form formal training (Farnthworth, 1996).
The majority of people in Africa use plants based medicine for treating illness and ailments.
As the population growth increase, demands of medicinal plants become increasing in Africa
(Dawit and Abebe, 1993).
Ethiopia traditional medicines are vastly complex diverse and varies greatly among different
ethnic group. Most traditional medicine practices in Ethiopia rely on an explanation of disease
12
that draws on both the mythical and natural causes of an illness and employ a holistic
approach to treatments (Kakwaro, 1983). Conventional medicinal services remain
concentrated in growing population keeping health care access out because medicinal plants
are culturally entered accessible and affordable, up to 80% at the Ethiopia relies on traditional
remedies as primary source of health care (WHO and Cunninham, 1993).
In Ethiopia, the use of medicinal plants in widely practices. The wide spread use of traditional
medicine in Ethiopia could be attributed to cultural accessibility ethical agent’s certain types
of disease physically accessibility and economic altered ability as compared to modern
medicine (Cunningham, 1997).
The Oromo people have a long traditional at social organization the Gada system, by which
they maintain their social political and cultural system. Moreover, traditional healers of the
Oromo people are well known in treating many illnesses with medicine made from local
medicinal plants for home remedies for the minor illness (Basch, 1991).
Illu Aba Bora zone is one of the Oromia Regional State found south western parts of Ethiopia
which is well known in the largest coffee forest called Yayu, which is the most important
forest for the conservation of the wild population in the world. The patient who use medicinal
plants and do not inform their health care provides may do this for several reasons.
Ageta kebele is also the area which is found in Nopha woreda Illu Aba Bora transfers the
indigenous knowledge to the generation by oral or the knowledge restricted to the hands of
few healers. Therefore, this study aims to preserve indigenous knowledge in the form of
documents and to provide information in.
13
The role of the medicinal plant species has also been aggravated by the erosion of the age old
accumulated indigenous knowledge on traditional use and management of these plants as its
transfer system is widely known to be poor (Levan and Mohan, 1996).
Nopha woreda Ageta kebele also indigenous knowledge on utilization of medicinal plants
unwritten. Therefore, this study was survey to identify and document the medicinal plants on
the study area. This study has the aim to answer the following questions.
3. What are the modes of preparation parts for these folk medicines?
To identify plant species, use in treating human and livestock aliments in the study
area.
To document plant parts use for medicinal purpose and method of preparation in
the study area.
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1.5. Significance of the Study
To give documented information on the use of plants of drug preparation methods, the
disease treated and other may lost or disorder rather than orally transferred
information from generation to generation.
To give basis for the invention of modern drug on top of the passes the heritage values
of resource.
To intended the people threats and other affecting things of medicinal plants.
To identify medicinal plant species to give attention management and conservation.
To design the preserve way indigenous knowledge of local community about parts use
for medicinal value.
To document the most medicinal plants that used to both human and livestock.
Helpful to the other researchers working on similar area as secondary source of
information in the field of ethnobotany of Southwestern Ethiopia.
15
2. Literature Review
2.1. Medicinal Plants and its origin
Those plants have healing properties are termed as medicinal plants or herbs. Herbal medicine
treatment is believed to have started by the early humans. When people started to select their
food from plants growing nearby, they must have kept some of those which they found to cure
some of their ailment. Thus, they use must have arisen out of need. Through out of centuries
some of these plants have been used successfully to treat disease and later on the constituted
the basis for many of modern day drugs (Abebe and Zewdu, 2001).
John Harshberger in 1895 brought up the term Ethno botany for the first time. He defined as
Ethno botany as’’ the use of plants by aboriginal people’’ (Ethiopia pharmaceutical Journal,
2001).
The integration of modern health system and traditional medicine will provide a better public
health service. This on one hand will have truly effective and affordable health care for low-
income groups in the developing world. Estimates show that about 25,000 to 75,000 species
16
of plants have been used in traditional medicines (Muta, 1996). Evidently, traditional
knowledge of medicinal plants is important in development of new modern drug (Mohan,
1996).
Different vegetation types that are found in the various agroecological zones of Ethiopia
accommodate various types of medicinal plants. The wood land, montane vegetation
including grass lands and forests and the evergreen scrubs and rocky areas contain more
medicinal plants with concentration in the wood land and observed that the microphylls
vegetation at the wood land listed more medicinal plant species followed by mountain
grassland and riverine vegetation while the afro-alpine vegetation ranked last. The number of
different language spoken in Ethiopia approaches 90 ethnic groups (Tilahun, 2000).
Each corresponds to its unique sociocultural population thus amounting to the high human
cultural diversity. Each of these cultural domains has its own set of written and/or
pharmacopoeias with the medicinal use of some species being restricted to that given culture
(Brown, 1994).
17
The various parts of medicinal plants have been used such as leaves roots and barks of the
steam. However, leaves are regarded as the most cited plants parts used by healers for the
preparation traditional medicines. The various literature available show the significance role
of medicinal plants in primary health care delivery in Ethiopia where 70% of human and 90%
livestock population depend on traditional medicine similar to many developing countries
particularly that of sub Saharan African countries (Fatnth, 1980).
Plants have played crucial role as source of medicine in Ethiopia from the time immemorial to
combat different ailments and human suffering. It was the only system available for health
care prior to the introduction of modern medicine for prevention diagnosis and treatment of
social, mental and physical illness. To date traditional medicine has become integral parts of
Ethiopian people due to its long period of practice and existence (Jansen, 2001).
The antiquity of the traditional use of medicinal plants in Ethiopia could never be disregarded.
Due to accessibility and biomedical benefits there is a large magnitude of use interests of
medicinal plants in Ethiopia is reflected in various medico-religious manuscript produced on
parchment and believed to have originated several centuries ago (Dawit,1998).
Review of medicinal plants text books that have been written in Geez or Arabic language
between 17th & 18th centuries indicated that the majority of Ethiopian’s, with the exception of
few privilege groups starting from the time of Italian occupation, have been depending almost
entry on the traditional medicine (Haihe, 2005).
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The study was survey on ethno botanical medicinal plants in Ageta kebele Nopha woreda Illu
Aba Bora zone in Oromia Regional State Southwestern Ethiopia. Nopha woreda is situated at
distance of 18km from the capital city Illu Aba Bora zone, Mettu and 600 km from Addis
Ababa. The study area lies between latitude 8º 18 N 35º 35E and longitude 8.30º N 35.83º E
and attitude 1605 meter above sea level (NWAO, 2017).
SULI
suli
934000
SULI 934000
ibsa
bosona
933000 933000
kitabir lafa caffee
bunaaf lafa
qonnaa walii gala
karo mariyam
karaa
932000 ABU 932000
nopa town
931000 931000
ROAD
dizi
Nopha woreda contains 16 kebeles with a total population of 35,600 people 17200 male and
18400 females (NWAO, 2017). Among those kebeles Ageta contains 353 house holders, lived
total population of 1754, which 825 females and 929 males. Most of the populations have
followed agricultural system but, the rest are small scale merchants and private employers.
The main agricultural activities are growing coffee trees, fruits, crops such as maize and
different species of spices.
3.1.2 Topography
The topography of Nopha woreda has almost similar land scape each kebele are characterized
diverse geomorphological features distributed over the two major agro climate zone in some
ells high land (dega) and midland weyna dega) (NWAO,2017).
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3.1.3 Soil
Geographically a study area (Ageta kebele) the land covered by different types of soil type.
According to Nopha woreda Agricultural office the common soil type is clay soil, verity soil
and red soil. Among those soils the most dominant soil type is red soil (NWAO, 2017).
Major areas obtained high rainfall between June-September and low rain fall is February and
March and dry season extend from October-May. The annual rain fall is (1850-1970 mm)
with the mean minimum and maximum annual temperature 14ºc and 33ºc respectively
(Mattphillips and Jean,2006).
A. Primary data source- is a method of data collection by direct contact with informants and
has observe being on time of gathering information.
B. Secondary data source- is a method of gathering information from secondary data sources,
like documented data, published and unpublished written materials.
For this study, primary data was applied to identify and document the traditional medicinal
plants in the study area. The method of data collection such as semi structured interview and
field observation guide with informants were employee to ethno botanical data (Martin,
1995).
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Semi structured interview is contact face to face within selected informants who have deep
and general knowledge about medicinal plants. Interview has on a checklist of question
prepared by English language then translating to local language (Afan oromo). The
information has recorded by local name of plants, mode of consumption, mode of preparation
and plants used as medicine.
Field observation has conducted in the study site by walking with the respondents where the
most medicinal plants available. The purpose of observation was to check the availability,
habit, habitat and identification of medicinal plant species that has mention during interview
of respondents.
Secondary data had used to translate the local name of medicinal plants in to English and the
scientific name and to compare the distribution of medicinal plants species around the world.
To distribute the random sampling technique and the sample for the study Sample size
determination formula has used (Martin, 1995). Beyond these, the sample size determined by
lottery method in five intervals from the total of 353 householders. The respondents requested
voluntarily from each family members. In this study total 70 informants participated among
1754 total population.
Sample size determination formula and calculation as follows
N=NZ²pq/ (d² (N-1) +Z²pq)
N=Total population
d=Margin of error
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z=confidence level (95%) which is equal to 1.96
P=population
q= 1-p= 0.05
= 320.062904/4.564976 =70
Sample technique is systems of taking a small ratio of population by using large population to
get information of those large populations from a small observation by using some statistical
technique.In this study simple random technique has applied to avoid bias among the
population of the study kebeles from the woreda. informants, Kebele, woreda
Fig 2: Number and habitats of medicinal plants used to treat human, livestock and both
Total of documented 26 medicinal plant species distributed under 17 families. Family salaceae
was represented by 4 species (15.38%) which is used to treat both human being and livestock
ailments. Families Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and
Lamiaceae were 2 species, among these Euphorbiaceae and Rutaceae used to treat only
human being family Acanthaecae, only one species used to treat only livestock. The
remaining 9 families have only one species. The total of 12 species (46.18%) noted to treat
only human being while one species (3.85%) is used treat livestock ailments. Thirteen species
(49.99%) are used to treat both human and livestock.
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No Items Family No of species %
Euphorbiaceae 2 7.69
Rutaceae 2 7.69
Fabaceae 1 3.85
Rununculaceae 1 3.85
1 Medicinal plants used to only human Rabiaceae 1 3.85
ailments
Brassicaceae 1 3.85
Boraginaceae 1 3.85
Alliaceae 1 3.85
Celatraceae 1 3.85
zingiberaceae 1 3.85
Total 12 46.18
Salanaceae 4 15.38
2 Both Apocynaceae 2 7.69
Asteraceae 2 7.69
myrtaceae 2 7.69
Lamiaceae 2 7.69
Linaceae 1 3.85
Total 13 49.99
Of the total, 17 species (65.4%) noted to treat only human aliments while 5 species are used
treat livestock aliments and 4 species (15.4%) are used to treat both livestock and human. The
existence and utilization of such large numbers of medicinal plants by people in the study area
24
indicates the majority of the people used and continued to use indigenous medicinal practices
for different aliments. Regarding their habit diversity shrub were the most common and stood
first with 11 species (42%) followed by tree and herb 7 species each (26.91%) and climber
species (3.85%).
Fig 3: Number of medicinal plants used to treat human, livestock and both
Each of growth form of medicinal plants used for treating health problem of human, livestock
as well as both human and livestock in the study area
4.1.1 Disease types and Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human Aliments
Out of total 26 medicinal plants species documented from the area 17 species (65.4%) were
used to treat about 17 types of human aliments and one plant species can treat a single disease
or a number of diseases. Similarly, one aliment can be treated with multiple plant species. For
instance, treated with plant species, stomach was treated with 5 different plant species,
tonsillitis were treated with species and diarrhea and cough treated with two species of
medicinal plants as shown in (Table-1)
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Table 2. List of major treated human illness and corresponding number used for the
treatment of each human aliment
1 Stomachache Garacha 5
2 Tonsillitis Harsasee 3
4 Cough Qakee 2
6 Guitar Inniqii 1
7 Gonorrhea Cophxoo 1
8 Amoebiosis Ambeebaa 1
th ache
14 Wound Madaa, 1
16 Malaria Bussa 1
Table 3. List of medicinal plants used to treat both livestock and human ailments
1 Blotting Bokoksaa 2
4 Scabies Cittoo 1
Out of 4 (15.4%) of plant used for treating both human and livestock ailments in the study
area 3 species (75%) were shrubs and 1 species (25%) was herb.
4.1.2 Medicinal Plant Species Used to Treat Livestock Health Problem Only
Medicinal plants recorded in this area 5 species (19.2%) were used to treat livestock ailments.
Plants Growth forms used treating animal disease i.e. shrub 1 species (20%) and both trees
and herbs 2 species (each have, (40%). Regarding the plant part used to treating animal
ailments uses leaves and roots are widely used for range of preparations than the other parts.
Table 4. List of major treated animal illness and corresponding number used for the treatment of
each animal ailment
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form, 21.20% powdered form, 12.10% prepared as smelled form, 9.10% chewed form,
15.20% smashed, boiled, burned creamed form and 9% chewed form.
Liquid 11 33.30%
Powdered 7 21.20%
Smelled 4 12.10%
Chewed 3 9.10%
Drop 3 9.10%
The popularity of liquid preparations may be due to easy method of the liquid preparation
form due to properly and availability of water as solvent. The widely using of the liquid
preparation form in this study is agreement with finding in other part of the country by
Sintayehu Tamene (2001), Mulugeta Kuman (2014) and Abebe Ahadu (1993).
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(Source: semi-structured interview, 2017).
Male 43 62
Sex Female 27 38
Total 70 100
20-35 13 18
36-51 20 29
Above 67 7 10
Total 70 100
Married 50 72
Total 70 100
≤ 20 years 27 39
29
Year of live in area Total 70 100
Farmers 37 53
Employers 12 17
Occupation Students 10 14
No work 11 16
Total 70 100
From the above table (6) the majority of the respondents are male (62%), age ranges from 52-
67 (43%) and 50 (72%) of them are married.
5.1 CONCLUSION
The study aimed at identifying and documenting the plants used to treat human and livestock
diseases. The study would involve 70 informants between the ages of >20 were randomly and
purposely selected from knowledgeable elders and local communities. Various
ethnomedicinal techniques were used to collect and analyzed the data: semi- structured
interviews, observation, and group discussion and combined with descriptive statistical
analysis were done. The overall project activity was taken between March 23-30/2017. The
outcome of this study was raised the responsibility of the community in the study area on
problem associated with medicinal plants and give awareness for the sustainable use of
medicinal plants and the conservation of the threatened ones.
Nopha Woreda Ageta kebele harbors diverse plant species. In this study, 26 medicinal plant
species were recorded. Of these, 65.4% and 19.20% of the species were reported as seeing
used to treat human ailments and livestock only, respectively, while 15.38% of them were
reported to treat both livestock and human ailments. The majority of these medicinal plant
species were obtained from wild.
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Analysis of growth forms of these medicinal plants revealed that sherbs constitute the largest
category 11 (42%) followed by hrebs 7 (26.91%) and 7(26.91%) trees and 1(3.34%) species.
Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts followed by roots for preparation of human
and livestock remedies. Traditional medicine preparation mostly involved single plant. Route
of administration was mainly internal in which oral administration is the common route
followed by nasal (internal application).
The main factors that threaten indigenous knowledge were secrecy of information on
medicinal plants, oral based knowledge transfer and modernization of young generation to
abandon traditional medicine and turning to modern medication. Therefore, awareness rising
should be made among the healers so as to avoid erosion of the indigenous knowledge and to
ensure its sustainable use. Further biological studies should also be conducted on the reported
medicinal plant species of the study area so as to utilize them in drug development.
5.2. Recommendations
Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations are forwarded: -
Indigenous people of the study area should be involved in conservation and management
plans of plant resources.
Recognition and intellectual property rights should be given to traditional healers, either
through certification or through organizing them in a community to popularize their
indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants.
Local people must be taught of growing medicinal plants in home gardens mixing with
crops in the farm lands and live fences.
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Ethiopia, The Possible Integration. Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal
Plants in Ethiopia, Preceding the National Workshop, 28 April-01 May. 2001 Addis
Ababa Institution of Biodiversity Conservation and Research, 6-21
Addis G,Abebe D, Urgak.. A Survey of Traditional Plants in Shrirka Distnict Arsi Zone,
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Balik, M.J and Cox, P.A (1996). People Plants and Culture; Scince of Ethno Botany. New York
Basch Pf (1991). Schitomes. Development And Reproduction Host Relations New York :
Oxford University
Brown (1994). Approach to Valuing Plant Medicines. The Economic Culture of the Cultural of
by Economics. Biodiversity and Conservation 3: 734-750.
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Cotton (1996). Cm. Ethno Botany Principle and Application. John Wilgadsun L.Tld.,
Chchester, England ,Pp.; 347-374
Cunningham, A.B. (1997). Botanical Inventories, Traditional Knowledge and Medicinal Plants.
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Possible Integration.
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Northern Ethiopia, Berhanina Selam Printing Enterprise
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Singapore.
Edwards (2001). The Ecology and Conservation Status of Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia, Pp46-
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Farnsworth (1980). The Development of Pharmacological and Chemical Research for the
Application of Traditional Medicine in Developing Countries. Journal of Ethiopian
Pharmacological 2: 175-181.
Farnthworth, N.R (1996). New Drugs from the Rain Forest. World Health Organization Bulltin
49(2) 30-31
Farooquee N.A Kala Cp: (2004). Indigenous Knowledge System and Sustainable Management
of Natural Resources in a High Attitude Society in Himallaya India. J Hum Ecoli-
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Traditional Health Care in Ethiopia.
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Haile Yineger (2005). A Study of Ethno Botany of Medicinal Plants and Forensic Composition
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Jansen, Pcm (1981). Spiecies Condiments and Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia Their Taxonomy
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Jansen. P.C.M. Spices Condimal and Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia. Their Taxonomy and
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Kipuri, N. (1993) Masai Grass Roots Indicators for Sustainable Resource Management Grass
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Levanin and Mohan (1996). Plant and Society W.C Brown Publishers, London.
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Nopha woreda agriculture office (2017).
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36
6. Appendixes
Appendix 1. List of medicinal plants habit and habitats encountered in the study area
37
4 Carissa spinarum Apocynaceue Agamsa Shrub Both
Shreb
38
Appendix 2. list of medicinal plants used for treating only human aliments in the study area
39
tied on the neck
5 E.lobules Bargmoddi cough leaf nasal The leaf and the young
branch will be boiled in
water and the steam
inhaled during bed time
7 L.sativa Shinfii Diarrhea seed oral Its dried seed one ground
and cough powdered mixed with
water and one coffee cup is
drunk of morning time
12 A.sativum qullubiadi Stomachac bulp oral Peeling the bulp and eating
he and one or two splits before
malaria meal when there is pain
16 C.africana weddesa Wound leaf dermal The leaf burned and its ash
mixed with butter creamed
on the affected part
41
17 O.horsholei hancabi Febrile leaf nasal The leaf infusion will be
illness smelled
Appendix 3. List of medicinal plants used for treating any livestock animals
19 J.schimperi dhumuga Black leg Leaf and Oral Leaf and root will be
ana root powdered with dried fruit
and mixed with water and
give a cattle
20 P.schimperi urgasa Eye disease root through The root will be crushed
eye squeezing and few drops
added in to the eye
21 S.meuronat allaltu Joint leaf Oral The leaf ground along with
ha distlocation youngsters mixed with brad
and given to the cattle
problem
22 S.marginath hiddihori Snake bite fruit Oral Snake poisoned animals eat
ium fruits against the poison
Appendix 4. list of medicinal plants used for treating both human and livestock
24 W.somnifera Lallafa Snake bite All parts Oral Chewing small amounts the
and blotting root and swallowing it for
snake venom and crushing
42
the leaves and fruit
together making give one
glass water for blotting
Appendix 5 List of major treated human, animal and both illness in the study area
1 stomachache garacha
2 tonsillitis Harsasee
5 Cough Qufaa
7 Malaria Bussa
8 headache Mataboo
12 Wound Madaa
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13 Febrile illness Michii
14 amoebiasis ameebaa
15 Goiter Inniqii
16 gonorrhea Cophxoo
23 Blotting Bokaksaa
25 Scabies Cittoo
METTU UNIVERSTY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
Semistructured interview
First of all, we will like to give on an advance for your time to fill the interview.
The objective of our interview will to know indigenous knowledge and use of medicinal
plants in Ageta kebele.
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Checklist semi structured interview for collect ethno botanical data.
General information
6. Where do the plants grow in wild, in garden, or both wild and home garden?
7. What parts of the medicinal plants used (leaf, root, stem, flower, fruit, and seed?)
11. Is there any interference between modernization and managerial intervention in the area?
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