Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
“Performance Issues”
1.2
Under-Treat
1
Effluent B
08
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 50 100 150 200
Chemical Dosage, ppm
Process Heating
z
OF SALT
z Compromises electrostatic
100 dehydration
PER 10
TYPICAL FIELD
0 REQUIREMENTS
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 TYPICAL REFINERY
RESIDUAL WATER (%)
RESIDUAL WATER (%) REQUIREMENTS
Q S
Interface Control
• Interface formation up to 15% of charge
Interface formation up to 15% of charge
• Heavy solids loading
Top View
• Potential asphaltene
i l h l
• Interface drains essential Interface Layer
y
Oil Layer
Water
Layer
Side View
Tool Stool Drain
Pipe Header
Mud Washing
Recycle
Water
Sand Drain
T
Trough
h Water
Electrostatic Dehydration
z Desalter capacity
capacit is red
reduced
ced
z Slower water coalescence
z Hindered
Hi d d by b filterable
filt bl solids
lid
z Needs viscosity between 5 and 10 cp.
z Lower density differential
z Slower water separation
AC/DC El
Electrostatic
t t ti Field
Fi ld
•Dual Polarityy®
•Modulated Dual Polarity ®
Electro Dynamic Desalter ®
•Electro-Dynamic
•Dual Frequency ® ux
Oil Flu
Bulk
}
W t
Water
Removal
Desalting Technology
1000
Inlet Salt Outlet Salt %BSW
Cl (ptb)
100
ntent NaC
10
Salt Con
0.1
AC AC-AC DF DF-DF DF-EDD EDD-DF EDD-EDD
Desalting Technology
Effluent Water
z Heavy
Hea solids loading
z Heavy oil loading
z Slower
Sl rates
t ini a Biotreating
Bi t ti facility
f ilit