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Y spillway
∆H [cm] Y1 [cm] Y2 [cm] Y3 [cm]
[cm]
1.8
1.5 3.8 4 4.2 2.2
1.8
2.4
2 4.3 4.6 4.6 2.8
2.6
2.6
2.5 3.8 4.2 4.3 2.3
2.6
2. Conservación de la energía
Cálculos
Ecuación de Manning
Y Yprom
∆H Y1 Y2 Y3 Yprom
So Spillway Spillway
[cm] [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm]
[cm] [cm]
4.9
9.2 0.011 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.7 4.8333
4.9
4.8
7 0.008 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.733 4.7 4.7333
4.7
4.8
5.2 0.006 5.3 5.1 6.2 5.533 4.8 4.8333
4.9
Q
Qprom
P [m] A [m2] R [m] Spillway
[m3/s]
[m3/s]
0.0174008
0.4860 0.0152 0.0314 0.0161690 0.016990
0.0174008
0.0167800
0.5067 0.0195 0.0385 0.0161690 0.016373
0.0161690
0.0167800
0.5227 0.0228 0.0436 0.0167800 0.016987
0.0174008
%Error %Error
n n Prom
Acrílico Concreto
0.009119
0.009813 0.0094 14.9991 28.0761622
0.009119
0.012094
0.012551 0.0124 12.7169 4.62416436
0.012551
0.013245
0.013245 0.0131 18.97926 0.67475497
0.012773
Tipo De
q [m2/s] Yc [m] Pc [m] Ac [m2] Rc [m] Fr Sc
Flujo
0.04224 0.0567 0.5253 0.0233 0.0444 1.895 0.005085 Supercrítico
0.03925 0.0539 0.5199 0.0222 0.0428 0.005098
0.04224 0.0567 0.5253 0.0233 0.0444 0.005085
0.04073 0.0553 0.5226 0.0228 0.0436 0.005091
0.03925 0.0539 0.5199 0.0222 0.0428 1.263 0.005098 Supercrítico
0.03925 0.0539 0.5199 0.0222 0.0428 0.005098
0.04073 0.0553 0.5226 0.0228 0.0436 0.005091
0.04073 0.0553 0.5226 0.0228 0.0436 0.999 0.005091 Sub-critico
0.04224 0.0567 0.5253 0.0233 0.0444 0.005085
∆𝐻 9.2
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 (𝑆𝑜) = = = 0.011
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔. 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 840
𝑌1 + 𝑌2 + 𝑌3 3.9 + 3.6 + 3.6
𝑌𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = = = 3.7 𝑐𝑚
3 3
4.9 + 4.7 + 4.9
𝑌𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 = = 4.83 𝑐𝑚
3
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 + 2 ∗ 𝑌𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 41.2 + 2 ∗ 3.7 = 48.6 𝑐𝑚 = 0.486 𝑚
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝑌𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 41.2 ∗ 3.7 = 152.44 𝑐𝑚2 = 0.015244 𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 0.486
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜 = = = 31.88 𝑚
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 0.015244
Caudal
𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 (𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑝) = 1058.0681 ∗ 𝐻1.7619
𝐻 = 𝑌 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 = 4.9 𝑐𝑚
Coeficiente de Manning
2 2
( )
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 3 ∗ 𝑆𝑜 0.5 0.0152 ∗ 0.03143 ∗ 0.0110.5
𝑛= = = 0.009119
𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑝 0.0174
∑ 𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦
𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 =
𝑁º 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠
0.009119 + 0.009813 + 0.009119
= = 0.0094
3
𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜 − 𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝. 0.011 − 0.0094
% 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜 = ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 14.9%
𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜 0.011
𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 − 𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝. 0.013 − 0.0094
% 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 = ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 28.7%
𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜 0.013
𝑄 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 0.0174
𝑞= = = 0.04224 𝑚2 /𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 41.2 ∗ 0.01
3 𝑞2 3 0.042242
𝑌𝑐 = √( )= √ = 0.0567 𝑚
𝑔 9.81
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 + 2 ∗ 𝑌𝑐 = 0.412 + 2 ∗ 0.0567 = 0.5253 𝑚
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝑌𝑐 = 0.412 ∗ 0.0567 = 0.0233 𝑚2
𝐴𝑐 0.5253
𝑅𝑐 = = = 0.0444 𝑚
𝑃𝑐 0.0233
2 𝑞2 2 0,042242
𝐹𝑟 = √ = √ = 1.895
𝑔𝑌𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚3 9,81 ∗ 0,0373
2 2
𝑄𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 ∗ 𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 0.0174 ∗ 0.012
𝑆𝑐 = ( 2 ) =( 2 ) = 0.00508
𝐴𝑐 ∗ 𝑅𝑐 3 0.0233 ∗ 0.04443
Conservación de la energía
Q Y
Y1 Y2 w A1 A2 V1 V2
Spillway Spillway q m2/s
[cm] [cm] [cm] [m^2] [m^2] [m/s] [m/s]
[m3/s] [cm]
0.015370 4.57 14 4.5 5.5 0.03730 0.05768 0.01854 0.2665 0.8290
0.015767 4.63 15.5 3.6 4.7 0.03827 0.06386 0.014832 0.2407 1.0362
0.016986 4.83 20.2 3.1 3.6 0.04123 0.083224 0.012772 0.1847 1.2034
0.015370 4.57 26.4 2.8 3.1 0.03730 0.108768 0.011536 0.1413 1.3323
0.014782 4.47 44 1.7 2.4 0.03588 0.18128 0.007004 0.0848 2.1944
0.010777 3.73 9.9 5.8 5.1 0.02616 0.040788 0.023896 0.3768 0.6432
0.011291 3.83 11.5 4.3 3.9 0.02740 0.04738 0.017716 0.3244 0.8676
0.011118 3.80 14.4 2.1 3.1 0.02699 0.059328 0.008652 0.2591 1.7764
0.011464 3.87 18.5 1.8 2.6 0.02783 0.07622 0.007416 0.2016 2.0725
0.010608 3.70 10.1 1.2 1.9 0.02575 0.041612 0.004944 0.3694 3.1087
𝑄𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦 0.015370 𝑚2
𝑞= = = 0.03730
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 0.412 𝑠
𝐴1 = 𝑦1 ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 0.14 ∗ 0.412 = 0.05768 𝑚2
𝑉1 2 0.26652
𝐸1 = 𝑌1 + = 0.14 + = 0.144 𝑚
2𝑔 2 ∗ 9.81
Calculo de Y2 teórico
𝐸1 = 𝐸2
𝑉2 2 𝑄2
Entonces 𝐸1 = 𝑌2 + 2𝑔
= 𝑌2 + 2𝑔(𝑏𝑌 )2
2
Siendo 𝑏𝑌2 = 𝐴
0.015702
0,144 = 𝑌2 +
2 ∗ 9,81(0,412𝑌2 )2
Despejando 𝑌2
𝑌2 𝑡𝑒𝑜 = 2.425 𝑐𝑚
2 𝑞2 2 0,037302
𝐹𝑟2 = √ = √ = 0.1.2477
𝑔𝑌23 9,81 ∗ 0,0453
3 𝑞2 3 0.037302
𝑌𝑐𝑟 = √ = √ = 0.05215
𝑔 9.81
3 ∗ 𝑌𝑐𝑟 3 ∗ 0.05215
𝐸𝑐𝑟 = = = 0.07823
2 2
Preguntas
1. ¿Para qué condiciones en un canal se debe utilizar cada una de las
ecuaciones de cálculo de n?
o la cual es aplicable únicamente para el caso del flujo uniforme turbulento
hidráulicamente rugoso.
o Reconociendo varios factores primarios que afectan el coeficiente de
rugosidad, Cowan desarrollo un procedimiento para la evaluación de n.
Según este procedimiento el valor de n puede ser calculado por la
ecuación
𝑛 = (𝑛𝑜 + 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 + 𝑛4 )𝑛5
Y/d 0.8
0.6 Q/Qo
V/Vo
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
De acuerdo a la gráfica, el máximo caudal que podrá transportar un tubería circular será
cuando y/d sea igual a 0.94; y la máxima velocidad cuando y/d sea igual a 0.84.
Y vs E Caudal 1
4.90
4.85
4.80
4.75
4.70
cm
4.65
4.60
4.55
4.50
4.45
4.40
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500
m
Bibliografía
- Campos A. (1982) "Factor de rugosidad en secciones compuestas". Revista Hidráulica.
"El Agua". N°
27. SVIH, Caracas, Venezuela. Ediciones Líder.
- Chow V. T. (1994)."Hidráulica de Canales Abiertos". Editorial McGraw-Hill
Latinoamericana, Bogotá.
Reimpresión.
-French, R. (1988) "Hidráulica de Canales Abiertos". Editorial McGraw-Hill. México.
- http://es.slideshare.net/renton_1/flujoencanalabierto