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Home Building Technology Guide Septic Tank – Components and Design of Septic Tank Based on Number of Persons
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A septic tank can be defined as primary sedimentation tank with large detention time (12
to 36hrs against a period of 2hrs in an ordinary sedimentation tank). Subscribe!
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Your shop for sewage technology.
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The size of the septic tank is so designed that the sewage is retained in the tank for
24hrs during which certain biological decomposition by the action of anaerobic bacteria
takes place which liquefies and breaks the night soil leaving small quantity of soil which
is known as sludge and settles at the bottom of the tank and clear water known as
effluent flows out of the tank.
The effluent from the septic tank is usually disposed by absorption in the soil through
soak pit, if no municipal drainage system is prevailing in the area. If municipal drainage
line exists in the area, the effluent is discharged to the drain.
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It is to be noted that disinfection agent such as bleaching powder, phenyl etc. should not Stability of Slopes for
be used in cleaning latrines as disinfectant entering the septic tank kills the bacteria Excavations in Different Soil
growth as a result of which rate of biological decomposition is retarded. Types
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Building Design
A septic tank is usually provided with brick wall in which cement mortar [not less than
20cm (9 inch)] thick and the foundation floor is of cement concrete 1:2:4. Both inside and
outside faces of the wall and top of the floor are plastered with minimum thickness of
12mm (one-half inch) thick cement mortar 1:3 mix.
All inside corners of septic tank are rounded. Water proofing agent such as Impermo,
Cem-seal or Accoproof etc. is added to the mortar at the rate of 2% of the cement
weight. Water proofing agent is to be added in similar proportion in to the concrete also
for making floor of the tank.
Concrete Cover Specifications
For proper convenience in collection and removal of the sludge, the floor of septic tank is
for Reinforcement in Different
given a slope of 1:10 to 1:20 towards the inlet side. Which means that floor of the outlet
Codes
side will be on the higher elevation than the floor at inlet side.
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Slabs
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Pipe Design
Depth = 1000 to 1300mm. (min below water level) + 300 to 450mm free board
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The inlet baffle wall is placed at a distance of L/5 from the wall, where L is the length of
the wall. The baffle wall is generally extended 150mm above to scum level and 400-
700mm below it.
Selecting Qualified Demolition
Contractors for Construction
Projects
Scum being light, generally floats at the water level in the tank. Thickness of the wall
varies from 50mm to 100mm. for large tanks lower portion are having holes for flow of
sludge.
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CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT DEGREE
PROPERTIES OF POLYMER
Fig: Sectional plan ZZ shoes the typical layout of the septic tank. Section XX shows the MATERIALS
Cross-Sectional detail of septic tank.
L X B=1.85
2.5B X B = 1.85
Liquid
Liquid Capacity Free
No of Length Breath Sludge to be
Depth to be Board
users L in m B in m removed(m3)
in m provided in m
in m3
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10 2.0 0.9
1.4 2.0 0.3 1.44
15 2.0 0.9
2.0 3.6 0.3 2.16
20 2.3 1.1
1.8 4.6 0.3 2.88
50 4.0 1.4
2.0 11.2 0.3 7.20
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