厄瓜多尔 TOPO 水电站

TOPO Hydropower Project

机组自动化元件说明书
The Instruction Of Unit Instrument

哈尔滨电机厂（昆明）有限责任公司
HARBIN(KUNMING) ELECTRIC MACHINERY
1 概述
SUMMARY

本自动化系统的控制对象是厄瓜多尔 TOPO 水电站 2 台轴混流

式水轮发电机。单机容量 16MW，频率为 60Hz，额定转速 600r/min。
The automatic system is used to control the vertical unit TOPO
Turbine-Generators of Hydro Power. Each capability is 16MW,
frequency is 60Hz, and rating rotate speed is 600rpm.

2 系统基本参数
THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF UNIT AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

2.1 油压：16MPa，用于调速器系统
Oil pressure: 16Mpa ， Used for hydraulic components of the
governor system and others.
2.2 气压：0.4Mpa～0.7Mpa，用于机组制动和主轴密封
Air pressure: 0.4～0.7Mpa，Used for the main shaft seal system and
brake admission system.
2.3 水压：0.2Mpa~0.6Mpa，用于发电机各轴承及空气冷却器冷却水
Water pressure: 0.3~0.5Mpa，Used for cooling water pipe of turbine
and generator bearings and lubricate of the turbine shaft seal.
2.4 电压
Power voltage：
2.4.1 交流：230V，60Hz，用于电气控制回路
Alternating power: 230V, 60Hz. Used for the power of automatic
electric instrument and control loop.
2.4.2 交流：400V，60Hz，三相，用于电动机操作
Alternating power: 400V, 60Hz. Used for the power of electromotor.
2.4.3 直流：110V，用于电气控制保护回路
Direct current power 110V. Used for the powers of direct current
 control and protect loop.

3 机组自动化
AUTOMATIZATION OF UNIT

机组自动化包括自动启动、停机、正常运行、故障报警、事故停机、
紧急事故停机等。
This system is designed according to the full autoimmunization,
including starting and stopping of normally operation, emergency
stopping, accident stopping and alarm, and so on.

3.1 机组自动启机
Start unit automatically

3.1.1 启动条件
The start conditions
 事故停机继电器未动作；
Accident stopping relay does not act.
 发电机灭磁开关未投入；
De-excitation switch does not act.
 进水阀已开启；
The inlet valve of water opened.
 制动器已落下；
Brakes released.
3.1.2 启动程序
The unit starting sequence
启动条件满足，由中央控制室下达启动命令后，机组即按一定
操作程序自动启动，包括主轴围带密封撤除，调速器投入工作，机
组转速达到额定转速后并入电网，按系统要求带上负荷。
When the start condition satisfies, the order start unit is issued from
the master control room. And the units start automatically according to
the operation procedure. See the operating sequence diagram of unit
automation.

3.2 机组正常停机
Unit stops normally

中央控制室下达停机命令后，机组即按一定操作程序自动停机,
包括卸负荷，与电网解列，机组制动，主轴围带密封充气，锁锭投
入。
When the order of start unit is issued from the center control room,
the unit automatic—ally stops according to the operation procedure. See
the operation sequence diagram of unit automation drawing.

3.3 机组正常运行
Unit operates normally

自动化系统能保持机组处于正常、稳定的运行状态。调速器保持
负荷及转速的稳定，油压装置保持调速系统及自动化元件的操作油
压稳定在规定的范围内。
The automation system of unit can keep the unit be normal, steady
state. The governor can ensure the load and the rotate speed steady and
the oil pressure device keeps oil pressure for operation of the governor
system and automatic component be in the normal scope.

3.4 机组事故停机及故障报警
Unit emergency stop and fault alarm

3.4.1 在发生下列情况时，机组事故停机，同时发出故障报警信号。
As the following cases occurs, the emergency stop will be
operated and the fault alarm signal be sent out in the same time.
 发电机各轴承过热；
 The bearings temperature of generator is too high.
 水导轴承过热；
Guide bearings are over heat.
 水轮机密封润滑水中断；
The seal and lubricate water breaks off.
 机组各部位振动摆度值超限；
The vibration and the swing of unit exceed the limited value.
 火灾报警器动作；
The fire alarm device acts.
 发电机轴电流过大；
The main shaft current is great larger than normal case.
 系统各电气保护动作；
The electric protections of system act.
 紧急停机事故继电器动作；
The emergency stop relay acts.
 中控室操作事故停机按钮。
The fault stop button in center control room is pushed.
3.4.2 在发生下列情况时，机组紧急停机，进水阀关闭，并发出故障
报警信号。
Unit emergency stop and the inlet valve closed and send the fault
alarm signal as the following cases occurred.
 机组过速；
The unit is over-speed.
 机组事故停机又遇剪断销剪断；
The shear pin nipped when unit emergency stops.
 机组甩负荷时遇调速器失灵；
The governor has been fault when the reject load occurs.
 油压装置紧急低压；
The oil pressure is much lower of the hydraulic oil system.
  中控室操作紧急事故停机按钮。
The emergency stop button in center control room is pushed.
3.4.3 机组设有下列故障报警信号：
The automatic system of unit has the following fault alarm signals:
 机组各轴承油箱、漏油箱、回油箱油位不正常或水轮机顶盖
积水过高；
The oil level is abnormal the bearing oil tank, leakage oil tank,
sump tank and the water level of head cover is much higher.
 机组各轴承冷却水、空气冷却器冷却水、总冷却水及密封润
滑水中断或降到一定值；
The cooling water drops to lower flow-quantity.
 水轮机导水机构剪断销剪断；
The shear pin nipped.
 发电机制动器位置不正常；
The position of the brake is abnormal.
 发电机轴电流增加；
The shaft current increases.
 电气控制和保护回路电压不正常；
The voltage is abnormal.
 启动停机未完成。
The procedure of stop or start is not complete.

4 几个重要的控制系统
SEVERAL IMPORTANT CONTROL SYSTEMS

4.1 机组制动
The brake system of unit.

制动系统由电磁空气阀，压力变送控制器及制动器等组成。机
组停机时导叶关至全关位置，当转速下降至 25%额定转速时，控制
向制动器下腔通入压缩空气的电磁空气阀动作，机组开始制动。机
组转速逐渐降至零转速后，再经过一段时间延时，电磁空气阀复归，
同时控制向制动器上腔通入压缩空气的电磁空气阀动作，制动器在
气压的作用下落下，再经过一段时间延时，电磁空气阀复归，制动
完成。
The brake system of unit is made up of solenoid air valves ,
pressure gaugeand brake. When the wicket gates have been closed and
the unit speed drops to 20% of rating speed, the brake procedure starts.
The unit speed drops to zero and after several minutes delay, 1SAV
releases and energizes. After several minutes again, releases and the
procedure is over.

4.2 机坑加热控制系统
Heater control system of unit pit.

为防止机坑内因潮湿结露而损坏设备，须在机组停机后对机坑
加热。当机坑内温度降至或湿度增大到预定整定值时，装设在控制
箱内的温湿度控制器发出信号，加热器通电加热，当机坑内温度升
至或湿度减小到预定整定值时，则温湿度控制器发出信号切除加热
器。
It needs heating to the unit to prevent damaging the equipments in
the pit because of the low temperature cause to the coagulate water when
unit stopping. The temperature and humidity indicator sends the signal
and the heaters start to heat when the temperature in unit pit lowers to
the lower set value or the humidity in unit pit increase to the upper set
value. And temperature and humidity indicator sends the signal and the
heaters stop when the temperature in unit pit increases to the upper set
value or the humidity in unit pit lower to the lower set value.
4.4 冷却水运行和主轴密封润滑水
The cooling and lubricate water system of unit

在各冷却水和密封水管路上分别装有示流信号器，能分别在运
行时监视冷却水的供应情况，在机组运行时，冷却水因故障而减少
到预定整定值时，示流信号器能发出报警信号。
There are flow indicators on the each pipe so the case of the water
can be monitoring. The flow indicators can send alarm signal when the
cooling water flow-quantity drops to the set alarm value because of
some faults.

4.5 主轴围带密封
The shaft inflatable seal system of unit

在水轮机主轴设有主轴围带密封，目的是为了防止机组停机时
下游水进入水轮机室而设置的。当机组停止转动，停机全部完成后，
即自动由电磁空气阀向密封围带充入压缩空气，实现主轴围带密封
作用。
There is the shaft inflatable seal system on the shaft of turbine; the
aim is to prevent the water inlet room of the turbine floor from the down
stream when the unit stops. Solenoid air valve 3SAV acts and inflatable
is full of the pressure air to realize sealing when the unit stops
completely.

4.6 大轴蠕动检测
The creep detector of unit

在水轮机主轴处设有大轴蠕动检测装置，当机组停止时，由于
导叶漏水或导叶关闭不严而造成机组自行转动，此时通过装设在大
轴附近的机械蠕动传感器发出信号，由安装在机组仪表屏上的蠕动
检测装置，能够及时地发现机组的自转，发出报警信号，避免事故
的发生。
There is the creep sensor on the shaft of turbine; the aim is to
prevent the unit is free rotation when the unit stops, leakage from the
guide vane ring cause to unit running. The creep device sent the alarm
signal to LCU when unit creep

4.7 顶盖排水控制系统
Head cover drainage system of unit

顶盖排水控制系统由液位信号器（5LM）、潜水泵来实现，正
常情况下，水轮机顶盖内积水由部分固定导叶内开的排水孔自流排
出，当导叶的排水孔排量不足致使顶盖内积水过多时，液位信号器
（5LM）发出信号，潜水泵启动，排除积水，同时发出故障报警信
号。
It is made up of level switch and diving pumps. In the normal case,
the water in the head cover can flow out from the holes on the fixed
gates. The level switch of water will send the signal to start the diving
pump to drainage the water when the water in the head cover is much
more than the drainage capability of the holes and send the alarm signal.

4.8 机械过速保护系统
Mechanical over speed protection device

机械过速保护装置用于机组在过速至额定转速的 150％时，通
过液压回路的切换，直接动作过速限制器，紧急关闭导叶，从而实
现紧急事故停机，保护机组的安全。
This device is used for the urgent stop unit when the speed of unit is
over 145% of the rating speed. The device can be through a hydraulic
linkage, so as to ensure the unit be in safety. At the same times, the
device can also send out a contact signal.
4.9 高压油顶起控制系统
High pressure oil lift system of unit

在机组启动和停机过程中，为了改善发电机推力轴承的运行工
况，设置了高压油顶起系统。在机组转速低于 90％额定转速时，直
接将高压油打入推力轴瓦与镜板之间的间隙内，避免发生干摩擦现
象，改善轴承的运行工况。
In order to improve the generator thrust bearing operating
conditions, the high pressure oil lift system is set, it is made up of high
pressure oil device and its control box. Unit speed less than 90% of rated
speed, the high pressure oil lift system directs high-pressure oil into the
clearance between the thrust bearing and thrust runner cdlar, to avoid the
dry friction phenomenon to improve the bearing operating conditions.

4.9 水轮机部分自动化元件
The instrument of turbine

1. 测温电阻
Temperature resistance
在水导轴瓦上装设 4 只测温电阻，其中 2 只为双支测温电阻，
共有 4 只测温电阻接至测温制动屏上的温度信号仪，其余接至机组
仪表屏上的温度巡检仪。
The 4 RTD was installed at turbine bearing pad,2RTD is double
resistance. Two RTD was connected to temperature and brake cabinet
and 4 RTD was connected to instrument cabinet.
2. 测速齿盘
Velocity toothed rim
测速齿盘装于水轮机轴，配有一支测速传感器接至机组仪表屏
上的机组测速装置。
Velocity toothed rim and one speed sensor was installed at turbine
bearing.
3. 振动摆度传感器
Vibration and run out sensor
在水轮机轴装有 2 只摆度传感器，在水轮机顶盖上装有 3 只振
动传感器。
Two run out sensor was installed at turbine bearing and 3 vibration
sensor was installed at head cover of turbine.
流量开关
在水导轴承出水管上装有 1 只流量开关。在机组冷却水中断时
输出报警信号。
One flow switch was installed at outlet cooling water pipe of
turbine bearing. Flow switch sent the alarm signal when cooling water
break off.
4. 位移变送控制器
Displacement sensor
在导叶接力器上装有一支位移变动控制器，输出接力器全关及
空载信号。
One Displacement sensor was installed at servomotor. The sensor
sent the closed and no-load contact.
5. 剪断销信号器
Shear pin detector
在导叶拐臂上装有剪断销信号器。当剪断销剪断时发出报警信
号。
One shear pin detector was installed at each gate vane. The detector
sent the shear pin broken signal.
6. 液位变送控制器
Oil level controller
在水导轴承装有液位变送控制器，当轴承油位高于或低于设定
值时发出报警信号。
 One oil level controller was installed at turbine bearing sump. The
controller was sent the oil level high and low signal.
7. 油混水信号器
Water in oil device
在水导轴承装有油混水信号器，当油混水达到 5%时发出报警
信号。
One water in oil device was installed at turbine bearing sump. The
device was sent the alarm signal when water mixed oil at 5%.

4.9 发电机部分自动化元件
The instrument of generator

1. 测温电阻
Temperature resistance
在推力、上导、下导轴瓦上各装设 10 只测温电阻，有 6 只测温
电阻接至测温制动屏上的温度信号仪，其余接至机组仪表屏上的温
度巡检仪。
The 30 RTD was installed at thrust bearing pad upper bearing pad
lower bearing pad and thrust bearing pad. Six RTD was connected to
temperature and brake cabinet and the other was connected to instrument
cabinet.
在空冷器进出口处装设 12 只测温电阻，有 4 只测温电阻接至
测温制动屏上的温度信号仪，其余接至机组仪表屏上的温度巡检仪。
The 12 RTD was installed at air cooler inlet and outlet position.
Four RTD was connected to temperature and brake cabinet and the other
was connected to instrument cabinet.
2. 振动摆度传感器
Vibration and run out sensor
在上导轴承，下导轴承装有 4 只摆度传感器，在发电机上机架，
下机架装有 3 只振动传感器。
 Four run out sensor was installed at upper bearing and lower
bearing. 3 vibration sensor was installed at upper bracket and lower
bracket..
4.流量开关
在上导轴承，下导轴承及空冷器出水管上装有 3 只流量开关。
在机组冷却水中断时输出报警信号。
Three flow switch was installed at outlet cooling water pipe of
upper bearing lower bearing and air cooler. Flow switch sent the alarm
signal when cooling water break off.
3. 液位变送控制器
Oil level controller
在上导，下导轴承装有液位变送控制器，当轴承油位高于或低
于设定值时发出报警信号。
One oil level controller was installed at upper bearing sump and
lower bearing sump. The controller was sent the oil level high and low
signal.
4. 油混水信号器
Water in oil device
在上导，下导轴承装有油混水信号器，当油混水达到 5%时发
出报警信号。
One water in oil device was installed at upper bearing sump and
lower bearing pad. The device was sent the alarm signal when water
mixed oil at 5%.

4.9 机组测温制动屏
The temperature and brake cabinet

温度控制仪
Temperature controller
在测温制动屏上装有 15 只温度控制仪，推力、上导、下导、水导、
空冷器冷风、空冷器热风各装设 2 只，上导、下导及水导油槽各装设
1 只。温度控制仪输出温度高，温度过高及断阻信号。
The twelve temperature controller was installed at temperature and
brake cabinet. The upper bearing lower bearing turbine bearing air
cooler inlet air cooler outlet was installed two temperature controller,
upper bearing sump lower bearing sump and turbine bearing sump was
installed one temperature controller. The temperature controller is output
Temperature high temperature higher and resistance broken signal.
压力变送控制器
在测温制动屏上装有 4 只压力变送控制器，制动气源，制动腔，
复归腔，检修密封各装设 1 只。压力变送控制器输出有压及无压接
点信号。
The four pressure controller was installed at temperature and brake
cabinet. The pressure air brake air pressure brake reset pressure and
turbine bearing seal was installed one pressure controller. The pressure
controller is output having-pressure and no-pressure contact.
集成刹车制动装置
Brake control device
在测温制动屏上装有一台集成刹车制动装置，由电磁空气阀及
操作手阀等组成。可远方或现地操作制动器。
The Brake control device is made up of solenoid air valve and hand
valve，The brake was operated at remote and local.

4.9 机组仪表屏
The instrument cabinet
在机组仪表屏上装有机组流量监测装置，机组净水头监测装置，
电气转速装置，剪断销信号装置，轴电流监测装置，机组蠕动监测
装置，机组振动摆度监测装置等，各装置的功能及设置请参照装置
使用说明书。
The unit discharge device unit water head device speed device
shear pin device shaft current device creep device vibration and run-out
device was installed at instrument cabinet. The function and the way of
setting value is at the instruction of the instrument.

机组自动化元件整定值表
The setting value of unit instrument

Value of turbine automation components

Operation system ALARM SET Instrument
NO. TITLE STOP POINT range
range POINT
Temperature of turbine
1 0-75 ºC 65 70 0-100 ºC
bearing pad
Temperature of turbine
2 55 0-100 ºC
bearing oil reservoir

3 Electrical rotational over 0-100%nr 147%nr 0-200%nr

speed
Mechanical protection
4 150%nr
device over speed
Turbine guide bearing
5 0.3mm (0.5 mm) 0-1.25mm
swing sensor
Turbine bearing bracket
6 0.04 0.11mm (0.2mm) 0-0.4mm
vertical vibration sensor
Turbine bearing bracket
7 0.05 0.11mm (0.2mm) 0-0.4mm
level vibration sensor
higher：（+
Altitude of turbine reservoir Bearing pad 100mm）
8 0-210mm
oil surface center line lower：
（0mm）
Water leakage in oil
9 detector for turbine 5％
reservoir

10 Displacement of servomotor 0-120mm

Note: The values in parenthesis are for reference, could not as emergency stop basis.

Value of generator automation components

 ALARM SET Instrument
NO. TITLE RATED VALUE STOP POINT
POINT range

Temperature of stator
1 120 130 0-150 ºC
core and coil
Temperature of upper
2 0-75 ºC 65 70 0-150 ºC
guide bearing pad
Temperature of lower
3 0-75 ºC 65 70 0-100 ºC
guide bearing pad
Temperature of thrust
4 0-75 ºC 65 70 0-100 ºC
bearing pad
Temperature of upper
5 55 0-100 ºC
oil reservoir
Temperature of lower
6 55 0-100 ºC
oil reservoir
Altitude of upper Bearing pad center + 55mm ,-
7 0-250mm
reservoir oil surface line 55mm
Altitude of lower Bearing pad center + 55mm ,-
8 0-250mm
reservoir oil surface line 55mm
Water leakage in oil
9 detector for upper 5％
reservoir
Water leakage in oil
10 detector for lower 5％
reservoir
Temperature of cooling
11 25 0-100 ºC
water

12 Temperature of cool air 40 0-100 ºC

13 Temperature of hot air 65 0-100 ºC

Water pressure of
14 0.25~0.4 0.3 0-1.0MPa
cooling water
Pressure of brake air
15 0.5~0.8 0.6 0-1.0MPa
inlet piping

16 Braking speed ≤25%nr

Unit shut-down and

17 ≤5%nr
delay

18 Unit no-load speed ≥95%nr

19 Over speed of unit start ≥115%nr

20 pressure of rotor jack up 8MPa

 ALARM SET Instrument
NO. TITLE RATED VALUE STOP POINT
POINT range

Upper guide bearing

21 0.3mm (0.5 mm) 0-1.25mm
swing sensor
Lower guide bearing
22 0.3mm (0.5 mm) 0-1.25mm
swing sensor
Upper bracket vertical
23 0.04 0.11mm (0.2mm) 0-0.4mm
vibration sensor

24 Upper bracket level 0.05 0.11mm (0.2mm) 0-0.4mm

vibration sensor

25 Lower bracket level 0.05 0.11mm (0.2mm) 0-0.4mm

vibration sensor

26 2 3 5A
Shaft current alarm