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α
r h
3.5
t α=0 α = 90°
P H/d = 1.66
P H d
α = 120°
3.0 H/d = 1.66
Ktu = Stress concentration factor
for U notch (α = 0)
K tα
Ktα = Stress concentration factor α = 60° H/d = 3
for corresponding V notch
2.5 (Angle α) α = 90° H/d = 3
α = 120°
H/d = 3
α = 150°
H/d = 1.66
2.0
α = 150°
H/d = 3
1.5
α = 180°
1.0
.1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Ktu
Chart 2.7 Stress concentration factors Kt! for a flat tension bar with opposite V-shaped notches
(from data of Appl and Koerner 1969).
90 NOTCHES AND GROOVES
rr
σmax
Ktn = σ h
nom
P H d P
σnom = P
hd a
H/d
4.0 2.00
1.40
Ktn 3.0
1.20
1.10 U-notch
H – d = 2r
2.0 1.05
1.01
1.0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20
r/d
4.0
H/d
2.00
1.20
H – d = 2r 1.10
2.0
1.05
1.01
1.0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20
r/d
Chart 2.10 Stress concentration factors Ktn for opposing notches with flat bottoms in finite-width flat
elements in tension (Hetényi and Liu 1956; Neuber 1958; Sobey 1965; ESDU 1981): (a) a̸ d ! 0.25;
(b) a̸ d ! 1.0.
a
0.05r 0.05r h
r r t
6.0
σ σ
A A
a = 2r
5.0
σmax
Ktn = σ
σmax occurs at points A
r/t
4.0 0.2
Kt 0.3
0.4
3.0
0.6
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.010.0
a/t
91
Chart 2.11 Stress concentration factors Kt for notches with flat bottoms in semi-infinite flat elements in tension (Rubenchik 1975; ESDU 1981).
108 NOTCHES AND GROOVES
r t
h
M M
H d
( )]
2.8 α 2 α 3
Kta ( )
–0.4293 150 + 0.3609 150
2
K tn
α=
140
°
2.6
α is the notch angle in degrees
2.4
50°
α=1
2.2
2.0
°
α = 160
1.8
1.6
α = 170°
1.4
1.2
α = 180°
1.0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
Ktn
Chart 2.28 Effect of notch angle on stress concentration factors for a thin beam element in bending
with a V-shaped notch on one side (Leven and Frocht 1953).