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♣ TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
1. INTRODUCTION:
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing (TAB) may be defined as the three major steps used
on the job to achieve proper operation of heating, ventilating and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems also are called “Environmental Systems”.
1.1.1 Testing:
Testing is the use of specialized and calibrated instruments to measure
temperatures, pressures, rotational speeds, electrical characteristics, velocities and
air and water quantities of an evaluation of equipment also and system
performance.
1.1.2 Adjusting:
Adjusting is the final setting of balancing devices such as dampers and valves,
adjusting fan speeds and pump impeller sizes, in addition to automatic control
devices such as thermostats and pressure controllers to achieve maximum specified
system performance and efficiency during normal operation.
1.1.3 Balancing:
Balancing is the methodical regulation of system fluid flows (air or water) through
the use of acceptable procedures to achieve the desired or specified airflow or wa-
ter flow.
Prior to the proceeding with the testing activities, the SHAN TAB Team require
following:
3.1 This Procedures must be submitted to the client / consultant for their review
and approval .
3.5 Upon completion of 3.1.,3.2,3.3 & 3.4 SHAN TAB will do installation verification
checks and if found any deficiency to be refortified to the all concern and related
contractor will do rectification and these notify to TAB Team.
4. INSTRUMENTATION:
Before proceeding with the testing activities, the following shall be ensured.
4.1 The list of test instruments that will be needed for the testing and balancing of the
systems is complied.
4.5 Calibration histories of each instruments shall be made available for examination.
4.6 Instruments requiring calibration are checked prior to mobilization to ensure that
the calibration expiration date has not passed and that the certificates are readily
available when reporting to begin actual testing and balancing.
5. PROCEDURES:
These procedures cover the placing of the various HVAC systems into operation,
testing, adjusting and balancing fluid flows, and upon
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
1. Procurement of Data.
2. System review and analysis including deforming of related procedures &
selection of required TAB format.
3. Planning and scheduling TAB field procedures in order to provide clear
instruction to the TAB team in accordance to the applicable TAB procedures for
that particular system.
Obtain all applicable plans and contract documents including latest, project
specifications, approved IFC or shop drawing, equipment submittals and
addendum to the latest specification.
A) Drawings
Complete set of up-to-date drawings, including all the latest revisions and addenda
will be obtained, including all temperature control system drawings, which
indicate the sequence of operation of all HVAC systems.
Specifications:
Obtain the relevant technical specifications, in order to identify the precise data and
tests which are required and what guidelines or balancing procedures are desired.
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
Submittal Data:
Obtain all applicable approved submittals for all items of HVAC equipment
including, where necessary, all manufacturers’ performance criteria, operating
curves, etc.
After all preliminary data has been collected, a study of each HVAC system is
performed to identify any discrepancies in the data or drawings that may prevent
the proper balancing and performance of the system, and to develop an agenda to
establish the best approach for testing and balancing.
A review of plans, specifications and equipment data is performed for each system
noting such things as type and location of the areas served, types of systems, etc.
Each system is identified i.e. whether primary and secondary systems are
interconnected or interlocked with other systems. Location of motor centers,
breakers, etc. are also identified and noted.
B) Schematic Diagrams:
PACU Measurements
3. Operation:
4. Inspection:
5. Procedures:
A. Include deficiencies not corrected on the deficiency report form and sub-
mit it with the report.
B. Record all test data on an approved data sheet, including required data
from the Report Contents procedure.
7. Compliance:
Inspection
1. Inspect the system to determine if it is complete and operable. If not, then end the
procedure, list the deficiencies, and proceed when they are corrected.
2. Verify that the drives are aligned properly and are of the correct size and type. Do
not balance a unit with drives out of dynamic balance or of the wrong size and
type.
3. Refer to the prerequisite for balancing.
4. Verify that the fan wheel is the type and size specified.
5. Verify that the back draft dampers are installed properly and are open when the
fan is ON.
Procedure
1. Check the fan for proper operating conditions with motor below full load amper-
age.
2. Measured and proportionally balance air distribution if the total is within ±10% of
design. If not, then investigate and make adjustments as necessary.
3. Locate a traverse position in a straight section of duct. Refer the pitot tube traverse
procedure.
4. Traverse to determine fan airflow. Flow should be 100 to 110% of design, assuming
0% air leakage. If leakage is excessive, then note it as a deficiency.
5. Adjust fan speed to obtain 100 to 110 % of design airflow (CFM). Measure the
power requirements before and after adjustments.
6. Record final air distribution flow rate.
7. Upon completion of balancing, record the following minimum data on report
forms. Refer the report contents procedure.
♣ Fan design data
♣ Airflow CFM from duct traverse, corrected CFM, if required. Traverse duct ac-
cording the pitot tube traverse, procedure.
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
Report
1. List items not corrected on the deficiency report form and submit it with the report.
2. Record all test data on fan data sheet.
Compliance
1. To comply with the procedure, complete all of the above steps and record all data
on the report forms.
2. All deficiencies that affect the TAB work should have been resolved by the install-
ing contractors or should be included in the deficiency report.
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
The following procedure will allow the balancing of the AIR TERMINALS :
A. The necessary design information shall be recorded on the NEBB test report
forms with all terminals located and numbered. The size and type of the
terminal will be verified to ensure that the installed terminal is what was
specified. If not, the Ak factor will be different. Unless the direct reading hood is
being used, it will be necessary to make absolutely sure that the manufacture’s
published Ak and measurement procedures are being used. A direct reading
hood will eliminate the need for Ak factors, and special procedures.
If the readings indicate a system loss of more than 10%, it may not be possible to
balance the system properly. If this is the case, an investigation of the duct joints
and connections will be made to identify any air leakage. In particular the
terminal connections and the plenums for the linear diffuser will be checked.
Also a recheck for open access doors, holes in the ducts, etc. shall be conducted
and the contractor notified to have the leaks corrected. Attempting to balance
the system with leaks will result in wasted time and unsatisfactory results.
When it is determine that sufficient air is available in the system and at the
terminals, the TAB work shall proceed.
C. Since the air will go first to the points of least resistance, it will be
found that the terminal closest to the fan are high on airflow, and
the those near the end of the line are low on the airflow. The result of
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
preliminary readings will tell exactly what the system is doing and where the air
is going. A review of the readings to determine and select terminals that are high
on cfm will be made. Closing there branch dampers shall reduce any that are
excessively high. On the first “adjusting pass” through the system, the highest
terminals shall be throttled to about 10% under design cfm. This will allow for
the possible build-up in the other terminals as adjustments are made. After
reducing the high airflow terminals, another pass through the entire air zone or
system shall be made. Each terminal shall be adjusted to the specified airflow
when sufficient air is available. After two adjusting passes, most system should
be in good balance. An additional pass may be necessary to “trim” the system.
D. The final pass shall be reading only, with no adjustment, and these readings will
be recorded in the final column of the NEBB air outlet test report.
If, during the balancing process, the balancing results in an increase in the system
static pressure to the extent that the airflow is reduced to where it is more than
10% below design, it will be necessary to speed up the fan to overcome this loss in
cfm.
6. Final Tests:
After all balancing adjustments have been completed, final reading shall be taken.
This will include a retest of amperage, voltage, static pressure, and rpm of the
supply air fan. Final terminal readings will already have been taken. These results
will be submitted and shall represent the exact
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
condition of the system when the TAB technician completed the job. The system
will be considered balanced when the airflow of each terminal is plus or minus 10%
of design airflow, unless there are conditions beyond control of the TAB firm. All
deficiencies shall be outlined on the report. At this point, all the dampers shall be
marked for ease of resetting in the event of tampering. Operation of automatic
controls shall be checked and verified.
If there are any obvious air drafts or complaints of it exist, the deflectors or diffus-
ers cones, as provided, shall be adjusted to eliminate any non-uniform room
conditions. Specified air patterns from all terminals shall be preferred.
TEMPERATURE
TEST
PROCEDURES
Testing, Adjusting & Balancing Procedures
2.8-6 Limitations:
a. Radiation effects
b. Time for thermometer to reach equilibrium
c. Proper location
d. Separated alcohol or mercury in glass thermometers
e. Broken wires or weak batteries in digital thermometers
f. Accuracy of surface temperatures
g. Hazards of mercury thermometers
2.8-7 Instrument types:
a. Dial bimetal
b. Glass stem:
1. Mercury filled
2. Alcohol filled
c. Electronic/digital:
1. Thermocouple
2. Thermostat
3. RTD
2.8-8 Report:
a. Record all temperature measurements on report forms according to the
Report Contents procedure.
b. Include enthalpy values with wet bulb readings.
c. Show all temperature measurements in degree Fahrenheit. It metric is
required, show degree Fahrenheit in parenthesis after degree Celsius.
d. Calculate capacities as required by equipment procedure and report on
equipment test form. Refer to Report Contents procedure.
2.8-9 Compliance:
a. Instruments of proper range and scale are used.
b. Instruments in calibration are used.
c. Proper location for measurements are used.
d. Measurements are accurate.
e. All measurements are properly recorded.
Checklist Prior To
Start TAB Works
Checklists Prior To Start TAB Works
S# Description Remarks
1 Systems are started and operating in a safe and
normal condition.
2 Temperature control systems are installed
complete and operable.
3 Proper thermal overload protection is in place for
electrical equipment.
4 Final filters are clean and in place. If required,
install temporary media in addition to final filters.
5 Duct systems are clean of debris.
6 Fans are rotating correctly.
7 Fire and volume dampers are in place and open.
8 Air coil fins are cleaned and combed.
9 Access doors are closed and duct end caps are in
place.
10 Air outlets are Installed and connected.
11 Duct system leakage is minimized.
Regards,
Page 1 of 4
Construction Team Responsibilities:
1. Provide the TAB firm with a conformed set of contract documents
(drawings, specifications, and approved submittal), including all
current approved change orders and contract modifications.
2. Develop a project schedule, with the input of TAB firm, that
coordinates the work of other disciplines and provides adequate
time in the construction process to allow successful completion of
the TAB.
3. Notify the TAB Firm of all schedule changes.
4. Ensure that the building enclosure is complete, including but not
limited to, all structural components, windows and doors installed,
door hardware complete, ceilings complete, stair, elevator and
mechanical shafts complete, roof systems complete, all plenums
sealed, etc.
5. Ensure that all necessary mechanical and HVAC work is complete
and is safe to operate. This includes, but is not limited to, duct
leakage testing and hydrostatic testing. The piping systems should
be flushed, filled, vented, and chemically treated. All strainers
should be cleaned and the correct screens installed. The duct
systems and all related equipment should be cleaned and the
specified clean air filters installed. For additional requirements see
the Pre-TAB checklist (attached).
6. Complete the installation of permanent electrical power systems
serving the HVAC equipment and systems. Such electrical systems
shall be properly installed in accordance with all applicable codes
to ensure the safety of all construction personnel.
7. Perform start up of all HVAC equipment and systems in accordance
with manufacturers’ recommendations.
8. Complete the installation, programming (including design
parameters and graphics), calibration, and startup of all building
control systems. Verify that the building control system provider has
commissioned and documented their work before balancing
begins
9. Require that the building control system firm provide access to
hardware and software, or onsite technical support required to
assist the TAB effort. The hardware and software or the onsite
technical support shall be provided at no cost to the TAB Firm.
10. Furnish and install all drive changes as required.
Page 2 of 4
SAMPLE PRE-TAB CHECKLIST
This is a sample checklist to be provided by the TAB Firm to the installing contractor for the contractor’s
use in verifying system readiness prior to balancing.
Project:
Ready Ready
1. HVAC Units & Built-Up Units Date Date
Yes No Yes No
a) GENERAL d) FANS
c) COILS (ELECTRIC)
Airflow direction
Duct connection
Safety switches
Ready Ready
2. Duct Systems Date Date
Yes No Yes No
Other checks
a) Other trade or personnel
notified of TAB work requirements
POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOTAL
READINGS TAKEN WITH AIR BLOWING TOWARD THE OBSERVER, HORIZONTAL NUMBERS ARE LEFT TO RIGHT, VERTICAL NUMBERS ARE TOP TO BOTTOM
REMARKS:
TOTAL
REMARKS:
TOTAL
REMARKS:
TOTAL
REMARKS:
REMARKS:
THE FOLLOWING DEFICIENCIES HAVE BEEN NOTED AT THE ABOVE REFERENCED PROJECT
1 7
2 8
3 9
4 10
5 11
6 12
PLEASE NOTIFY THIS OFFICE WHEN THE ABOVE LISTED DEFICIENCIES HAVE BEEN CORRECTED
NEBB TRS 30-2001 UOM; TEST DATE: READINGS BY: PAGE:
Report is not valid unless it is submitted with an accompanying NEBB Certification form stamped with a National Environment Balancing Bureau Certification Seal
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT STATEMENT
DATA QUANTITY (UOM) INCH-POUND (IP) SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL (SI)
ACCELERATION FEET PER SECOND SQUARED METERS PER SECOND SQUARED
AIR PRESSURE INCHES WATER GAGE PASCALS
AIR VOLUME FLOW RATE CUPIC FEET PER MINUTE LITERS PER SECOND
AREA SQUARE FEET, SQUARE INCHES SQUARE METERS SQUARE MILLIMETERS
DENSITY POUND PER CUBIC FOOT KILOGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
ELECTRIC CURRENT AMPERE AMPERE
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL VOLT VOLT
ENTHALPY BRITISH THERMAL UNITS PER POUND KILOJOULES PER KILOGRAM
FORCE POUNDS NEWTONS
FREQUENCY HERTS HERTZ
GRAVITY FEET PER SECOND SQUARED METERS PER SECOND SQUARED
HEAT FLOW BRITISH THERMAL UNITS TONS KILOWATTS WATTS
LENGTH FEET, INCHES METERS MILLIMETERS
LINEAR VELOCITY FEET PER MINUTE METERS PER SECOND
LIQUID VOLUME GALLONS] LITERS PER SECOND
MASS POUND KILOGRAMS
MASS FLOW RATE POUNDS PER HOUR KILOGRAMS PER SECOND
POWER HORSEPOWER KILOWATTS WATTS
SPECIFIC VOLUME CUBIC FEET PER POUND CUBIC METERS PER KILOGRAM
TEMPERATURE FAHRENHEIT CELSIUS
TIME SECONDS MINUTED HOURS SECONDS MINUTES HOURS
WATER PRESSURE POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH KILOPASCALS
WATER VOLUME FLOW RATE GALONS PER MINUTE LITERS PER SECOND
THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS TESTING, ADJUSTING, BALANCING REPORT WAS OBTAINED USING INSTRUMENTS WHICH
DISPLAY INCH-POUND OR SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. THE REPORT FORMS INDICAE WHETHER THE
DATA PRESENTED ON THE INDIVIDUAL REPORT FORM IS SHOWN IN INCH-POUND OR SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT. THE TABLE ABOVE DESCRIBES THE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED THROUGHOUT THIS TESTING,
ADJUSTING, BALANCING REPORT.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
REMARKS: