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Sparse Spike: algorithm to find an impedance model matching the seismic bandwith,
but with the smallest number of non zero reflectivities (limited number of
homogeneous layers)
Layer based: similar to model based, except that the model is layered and inverted
both for thicknesses of layers and impedances
Stochastic: multiple realizations of impedance models that can reproduce the seismic
amplitudes within a given error
These four can be post-stack (inversion of a full stack) or pre-stack (inversion of several
sub-stacks)
⎜
⎝ Vs ⎠
Brine
HC
Poisson’s ratio or S
Sandstones
impedance can be obtained
Class III II I by inverting pre-stack data
P-wave Impedance at several angles of
Sa ist
incidence (sub-stacks):
nd og
h
/ s ram
Pre-stack inversion
ha s
le
Data QC
Substack definition
QC of homogeneity between substacks
Time alignment between substacks
Inversion parameterization
Simultaneous inversion
of substacks to derive
Ip, Is and Rho volumes
Other elastic
Wavelet Wavelet Wavelet parameters can be
derived from the
AI Logs EI Logs EI Logs
outputs
Vp/Vs, Poisson’s ratio
Logs
Horizons
P-Impedance
S_Impedance
Density
Vp/Vs MuRho
LambdaRho
Data QC
Wavelet extraction
A priori model building
Inversion parameterization and QC of
results
ttop 1900 ms
Θ max@ 3050m-2300ms(x,y)
tbase 2300 ms
AUTOCORRELATION AUTOCORRELATION
NEAR TRACES
POWER SPECTRUM
FAR TRACES
POWER SPECTRUM
Well 2 Well 2
Well 1 Well 1
Well 2 Well 2
Well 1 Well 1
Under-correction Over-correction
Data QC
Wavelet extraction
A priori model building
Inversion parameterization and QC of
results
Mid wavelet
Far wavelet
Consistency of
wavelets across
substacks
No physical reason
for the phase to
change between
substacks
Data QC
Wavelet extraction
A priori model building
Inversion parameterization and QC of
results
LF model
Well HR Seismic
Velocities Interp. inversion
Vp
Vp
Vp
P Impedance Poisson ratio Density
Data QC
Wavelet extraction
A priori model building
Inversion parameterization and QC of
results
Absolute inverted traces compared to log at well locations for IP, IS and PR
These have to be checked while keeping in mind the initial seismic to well tie
Cross-plotting IP/PR logs and IP/PR inverted traces in absolute and relative mode
Mid residuals
Far
Oil
Sand
Cross-plot on inverted traces
IP
IS
Cross-plot at log scale
IP
IS
Water sand (GamaRay<40) + Shale (GamaRay>40)
IS
Lithologic facies
3
4 a cross-plot
5
6
3 3: Hydrocarbon sands
8
14
15 1 1: Water sands
2
16
IS
Sandstone
Shales 4000
(levees)
Shales
(L. or H.)
Hemipel. 3000
Debris
Flows
2000
4000 6000 8000 IP
p(Ci/IP,IS)
1
1
0
0 20 60 70 80 20 60 70 80
Low signal/noise ratio (low fold per sub-stack) => Difficult well tie
for some substacks